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COPYRIGHT DEPOSIT. 



PRACTICAL 

MATERIA MEDICA 

AND 

PRESCRIPTION WRITING 

WITH ILLUSTRATIONS 



BY 

OSCAR W. BETHEA, M.D., Ph.G., F.C.S. 

Assistant Professor of Materia Medica and Instructor in Prescription 

Writing, Tulane University of Louisiana. Formerly Professor of 

Chemistry and Professor of Pharmacology, Mississippi 

Medical College, etc. 




PHILADELPHIA 

F. A. DAVIS COMPANY, Publishers 

English Depot 
Stanley Phillips, London 

1915 






c?£ 



^ <2> 



Copyright, 1915 

BY 
F. A. DAVIS COMPANY 



Copyright, Great Britain. All Rights Reserved 



Philadelphia, Pa., U. S. A. 

Press of F. A. Davis Company 

1914-1916 Cherry Street 



AUG 17 1915 



)CI.A411110 



TO HIS 

FATHER AND MOTHER 

A KNOWLEDGE OF WHOSE HIGH IDEALS, UNSELFISH AMBITIONS, AND 
UNSWERVING DEVOTION TO DUTY HAVE PROVEN A NEVER- 
FAILING SOURCE OF INSPIRATION. 

THIS VOLUME IS AFFECTIONATELY DEDICATED 

BY 

THE AUTHOR 






Authority to use for comment the Pharmacopoeia of the 
United States of America, Eighth Decennial Revision, in this 
Volume, has been granted by the Board of Trustees of the 
United States Pharmacopceial Convention, which Board of 
Trustees is in no way responsible for the accuracy of any 
translation of the official weights and measures or for any 
statements as to strength of official preparations. 



PREFACE. 



In the treatment of disease a physician is usually confronted 
with the following problems which must be considered in the order 
given : — 

What is the true condition of the patient? 

What changes should be produced in that condition? 

What agents will best effect those changes? 

In what form and by what methods should those agents be 
employed to obtain the best possible results? 

How should his orders for those agents be written so as to serve 
the best interests of the patient and his associates ? 

The first three of these propositions are exhaustively treated 
in many excellent volumes and are ably taught in the medical schools, 
but the last two of the propositions are often neglected. 

For example — the student is taught how to diagnose certain 
blood conditions, the changes that should be effected, and that Iron 
is the drug to bring about these desired results. It is often neglected 
to impress upon the student what preparations of iron will best 
meet the demands of particular conditions, the precautions to be 
observed in employing them, how to correctly prescribe them, alone 
or in combination, and, if in combination, with what forms or prep- 
arations of the other agents ; how to order for the safest, most con- 
venient and agreeable administration ; how to use the correct names, 
conveniently estimate the proper quantities, the best hours for 
administration, and the many other matters an ignorance of which 
may render the physician unable to properly put to practical use his 
knowledge of the other departments of medical science. Such in- 
struction is the particular object of this book. 

The purpose has been to handle the subject-matter in such a 
practical way as to render the work a dependable one for every-day 
service. 

(v) 



vi PREFACE. 

The author wishes to express his indebtedness to other writers 
from whose works he has, in some instances, had to draw. The 
volumes of particular asistance in compiling this work were The 
U. S. Pharmacopoeia, Remington's Pharmacy, Useful Remedies 
(A. M. A.), Wilcox's Materia Medica and Pharmacy, the U. S. 
Dispensatory, The National Formulary, Merck's Index, Shoe- 
maker's Materia Medica and Sollmann's Pharmacology. The writer 
is also much indebted to the publishers and authors who kindly 
allowed the use of the prescriptions from their works ; acknowl- 
edgments are made to these in each case in footnotes. 

O. W. B. 



CONTENTS. 



PAGE 

Definitions 1 

Introduction to Part I 7 

PART I. — Materia Medica. 

Official and Unofficial Drugs, Their Therapeutic Action and Uses, 

Arranged Alphabetically 9-333 

Introduction to Part II 335 

PART II. — Prescription Writing. 

Metrology 337 

Metric System 340 

Medical Latin 344 

Rules, Groups, and Exceptions 347 

Construction of Official Names 349 

Abbreviations 350 

Definition 353 

History 354 

Parts of a Prescription 355 

Calculating Amounts 368 

Choice of Vehicle 370 

Quantity of a Prescription 373 

Proportioning Dosage 374 

Written Instructions 375 

Concentrated Mixtures 378 

Saturated Solutions 378 

Percentage Solutions 379 

Forms of Administration 380 

Comparative Dosage of Preparations 383 

The Pharmacopoeia 384 

The National Formulary 384 

Dispensatory _ 384 

Official Drugs and N. F. Preparations 385 

Proprietary and Patent Medicines 385 

Specifying Manufacturers 386 

Write Prescriptions 386 

Prescription Blanks 387 

(vii) 



viii CONTENTS. 

PAGE 

Carbon Copies 389 

Care of Copies and Other Uses for them 390 

Copies to a Successor 391 

Care as to Writing 391 

Rereading 393 

Telephoning Prescriptions 393 

Recommending Credit 393 

Naming a Price 394 

Charity 395 

Local Peculiarities 395 

Refilling and Giving Copies 396 

Errors , 397 

Domestic Measures 398 

Examining the Medicine 398 

Ownership of a Prescription 399 

Stock Prescriptions 400 

Incompatibility in Liquids ; in Solids ; Formation of a Precipitate ; 
Evolution of a Gas ; Separation of an Immiscible Liquid ; Formation 
of a Gelatinous Mass ; Incomplete Solutions ; Immiscibility : Thera- 
peutic Incompatibility 401 

Table of Relative Value of Weights and Measures 410 

Table of Abbreviations, Words, and Phrases 411 

Table of Drops and Weight in a Fluidrachm 415 

Table of the Solubility of Official Substances in W^ater and in Alcohol . . 416 

Introduction to Part III 421 

PART III. 

Illustrations showing Incorrect and Correct Forms in Prescription 

Writing (actual examples) 422 

Clinical Index 503 

General Index : 519 



DEFINITIONS. 

Familiarity with the following definitions are essential to a 
correct understanding of a treatise on Materia Medica. 

Antiseptic. — An agent that will prevent the growth or arrest the 
development of micro-organisms. Examples: Sodium benzoate, boric 
acid, or almost any germicide in diluted form. 

Germicide. — An agent that will kill germs. Examples: Phenol, cor- 
rosive mercuric chloride, potassium permanganate, iodine. 

Disinfectant. — An agent that destroys the organisms capable of pro- 
ducing disease. Examples: Formaldehyde, sulphur dioxide, phenol, 
iodine. 

Parasiticide. — An agent that will kill parasites. Examples: Sulphur, 
iodine, mercurial ointment. 

Deodorant. — An agent that removes odor. Examples: Potassium per- 
manganate, chlorine, hydrogen peroxide. 

Anthelmintic. — An agent used in the treatment for intestinal worms. 
Examples: Santonin, phenyl salicylate, thymol. 

Vermifuge. — An agent that will effect the removal of intestinal 
worms. Examples: Castor oil, calomel, jalap. 

Vermicide. — An agent that will kill intestinal worms. Examples: 
Santonin, thymol. 

There can be no sharp distinction between the last three terms, and 
they are used as practically synonymous. 

Taenifuge (or Taeniafuge). — An agent that will effect the removal 
of tapeworms. Examples : Pelletierine tannate, oleoresin of male fern. 

Purgative. — An agent that will cause an evacuation of the intestinal 
contents. Examples: Calomel, castor oil, magnesium sulphate. 

Aperient. — A very mild purgative. Examples: Honey, potassium 
bitartrate, magnesium oxide. The term seems to be particularly applied 
to mild purgative waters. 

Laxative. — A mild purgative, usually producing one or two evacu- 
ations without pain or tenesmus. Examples: Olive oil, liquid petrolatum, 
and small doses of many of the more active purgatives. 

Cathartic. — An active purgative, usually producing several evacuations, 
and may or may not be accompanied by pain or tenesmus. Examples : 
Castor oil, calomel, cascara sagrada. 

Drastic. — A very active purgative, usually producing many evacu- 
ations, and accompanied by pain and tenesmus. Examples : Croton oil, 
elaterin. 

Saline. — A mineral salt that will produce an evacuation of the intes- 
tinal contents. Examples: Magnesium sulphate, sodium sulphate, potas- 
sium and sodium tartrate. 

Hydragogue. — An agent that produces watery evacuations of the 
intestinal contents. Examples: Magnesium sulphate, solution of 
magnesium citrate, sodium phosphate. 

(i) 



2 DEFINITIONS. 

Cholagogue. — A purgative that stimulates the flow of bile. Examples: 
Calomel, inspissated oxgall, sodium glycocholate, and sodium tauro- 
cholate are usually placed in this class. 

Diuretic. — An agent that increases the flow of urine. Examples: 
Hexamethylenamine, theobromine sodiosalicylate, potassium acetate. 

Antilithic. — An agent that prevents the formation or favors the re- 
moval of stones or calculi in the urinary or biliary tracts. Examples : Lithium 
citrate, hexamethylenamine, alkaline' waters, and glycerin are usually placed 
in this class. 

Lithontriptic. — An agent that tends to dissolve calculi in the urinary 
or bile tracts. Examples : Lithium citrate, potassium citrate, and ammonium 
benzoate are usually placed in this class. 

Galactagogue. — An agent that stimulates the secretion of milk. 
Examples: Mild malt drinks, pilocarpine. 

Antigalactagogue. — An agent that lessens the secretion of milk. Bel- 
ladonna, probably all hydragogue purgatives. 

Sialagogue. — An agent that increases the flow of saliva. Examples: 
Pilocarpine, potassium iodide, citric acid. 

Antisialagogue (or Antisialic). — An agent that lessens the flow of 
saliva. Examples: Belladonna, sodium bicarbonate. 

Expectorant. — An agent that facilitates the removal of the secretions 
of the bronchopulmonary mucous membrane. Examples : Ammonium 
chloride, ammonium carbonate, ipecac. Expectorants are sometimes 
classed as sedative expectorants and stimulating expectorants. 

Refrigerant. — An agent which, when taken by mouth, produces a 
sensation of coolness. Examples: Peppermint, spearmint, fruit juices. 
Refrigerants usually tend to allay thirst. 

Carminative. — An agent that will remove gases from the gastro- 
intestinal tract. Examples : Asaf etida, peppermint, cardamom. 

Alterative. — An agent that will restore deranged nutritive processes. 
Examples : Corrosive mercuric chloride, calomel, arsenic trioxide, and potas- 
sium iodide are usually placed in this class. 

Restorative. — An agent that restores lost tone or function. Examples: 
Preparations of iron, arsenic, mercury, etc. 

Resorbent. — An agent that tends to promote the absorption of ab- 
normal matter, as exudates or blood-clots. Examples: Potassium iodide, 
ammonium chloride. 

Antipyretic or Febrifuge. — An agent that will reduce febrile tempera- 
tures. Examples : Quinine, antipyrine, acetylsalicylic acid. 

Antiphlogistic. — An agent that tends to relieve inflammation. Ex- 
amples: Cataplasma of kaolin, ichthyol. 

Emmenagogue. — An agent that stimulates the menstrual function. 
Examples: Viburnum, preparations of iron, manganese dioxide, ergot. 
Oxytocic. — An agent that hastens the process of labor. Examples: 
Pituitrin, quinine. 

Ecbolic (or Abortifacient).— An agent that will cause the pregnant 
uterus to expel its contents. Examples: Ergot, cotton-root bark, tansy. 

Irritant. — An agent which, when used locally, produces more or less 
local inflammatory reaction. Examples: Iodine, chloroform, mustard. 



DEFINITIONS. 3 

Counterirritant. — An agent that is applied locally to produce in- 
flammatory reaction, with the object of affecting some other part usually 
adjacent to or underlying the surface irritated. Examples: Mustard, 
chloroform, cantharides. 

Rubefacient. — An agent that, when applied to the skin, produces red- 
ness. Examples: Chloroform, mustard, menthol. 

Vesicant. — An agent that will produce blisters. Examples: Mustard, 
cantharides. 

Epispastic. — An agent that, applied locally, will produce a serous or 
puriform discharge by exciting inflammation. Examples: Red mercuric 
iodide, iodine. 

Pustulant. — An agent that will produce pustules. Examples: Croton 
oil, antimonium and potassium tartrate. 

Caustic. — An agent that will destroy living tissue. Examples: Silver 
nitrate, potassium hydroxide, nitric acid. 

Escharotic. — An agent that will destroy tissue with the production 
of a slough. The term is often used synonymously with caustic, but 
usually indicates a more extensive action. Examples: Arsenic trioxide, 
zinc chloride. 

Emollient. — An agent that will soften and soothe the part when ap- 
plied locally. The term is usually confined to agents affecting the surface 
of the body. Examples: Ointment of rose-water, petrolatum, olive oil. 

Demulcent. — An agent that will soothe the part to which applied. 
The term is usually restricted to agents acting on mucous membrane. 
Examples: Mucilage of acacia, mucilage of tragacanth, milk. 

Protective. — An agent that will mechanically protect the part to 
which applied. Examples: Collodion, plasters. 

Tonic. — An agent that improves or strengthens one or more parts 
or functions of the body. According to action these are subdivided as 
general, cardiac, etc. Examples : Preparations of iron, arsenic, digitalis. 

Reconstituent Tonic. — An agent that improves or strengthens one 
or more parts or functions of the body by replacing lost material. Ex- 
amples : Iron, phosphorus, calcium. 

Stimulant. — An agent that will excite one or more portions of the 
body. These agents are usually subdivided as to special action, as 
cerebral stimulants, cardiac stimulants, etc. Examples: Atropine, strych- 
nine, caffeine. 

Excitant. — An agent that will excite a special function of the body. 
They are subdivided according to action as motor, cerebral, etc. Ex- 
amples: Alcohol, strychnine, cocaine. 

Deliriant (or Delirifacient). — An agent that will produce delirium. 
Examples: Hyoscine, atropine. 

Depressant. — An agent that will depress a body function. Accord- 
ing to action they are subdivided as motor, cerebral, etc. Examples: 
Bromides, aconite, hydrated chloral. 

Sedative. — An agent that will allay irritability or excitement. Ac- 
cording to action, they are subdivided as general, local, nervous, vascu- 
lar, etc. Examples: Bromides, morphine, codeine, hydrated chloral. 

Hypnotic. — An agent that will produce sleep. Examples: Sulphon- 
ethylmethanum, morphine, hydrated chloral. 



4 DEFINITIONS. 

Narcotic. — An agent that will cause stupor. Examples: Morphine, 
hydrated chloral. 

Anodyne (or Analgesic). — An agent that will relieve pain. Examples: 
Morphine, codeine, acetylsalicylic acid. 

Antispasmodic. — An agent that will relieve muscular spasm. Ex- 
amples: Morphine, atropine, asafetida, bromides. 

Anesthetic. — An agent that will produce insensibility to pain or 
touch. According to action, they are subdivided as general and local. 
Examples: General — ether, chloroform, ethyl chloride. Local — cocaine, 
novocaine, phenol. 

Emetic. — An agent that will cause vomiting. Examples: Apomor- 
phine hydrochloride, ipecac, sodium chloride, mustard. 

Antiemetic. — An agent that will prevent or arrest vomiting. Ex- 
amples: Cocaine, peppermint, bismuth subnitrate, cerium oxalate. 

Astringent. — An agent that will produce contraction or condensation 
of tissue: Examples: Alum, tannic acid, ferrous sulphate. 

Styptic. — An agent that will arrest bleeding when applied locally. 
Examples: Ferrous sulphate, alum, tannic acid, iodine. 

Haemostatic. — An agent that will arrest bleeding without being di- 
recth applied to the bleeding area. Examples : Calcium lactate, horse- 
serum, ergot. 

Diaphoretic (or Sudorific). — An agent that will increase perspira- 
tion. The term sudorific is usually confined to those active agents that 
cause drops of perspiration to collect on the skin. Examples : Pilocarpine, 
opium, camphor. 

Mydriatic. — An agent that will dilate the pupil of the eye. Examples: 
Atropine, homatropine hydrobromide. 

Myotic. — An agent that will contract the pupil of the eye. Examples: 
Physostigmine, pilocarpine. 

Sternutatory. — An agent that will cause sneezing. Examples: Quil- 
laja, salicylic acid. 

Errhine. — An agent that will increase the secretion of the mucous 
membrane lining the nose. The term is usually employed as synonymous 
with sternutatory. Examples: Quillaja, salicylic acid. 

Antizymotic. — An agent that will prevent or arrest fermentation. 
Examples: Salicylic acid, alcohol. 

Nutrient. — An agent that supplies to the body material for building 
tissue. Examples: Codliver oil, olive oil, gelatin, milk. 

Digestant. — An agent that will digest food or aid in digestion. Ex- 
amples: Pepsin, pancreatin. 

Antiscorbutic. — An agent that will prevent or relieve scurvy. Ex- 
amples: Citric acid, orange-juice. 

Antimalarial. — An agent that will prevent or relieve malaria. 
Examples: Quinine, arsenic. 

Antirheumatic. — An agent that will prevent or relieve rheumatism. 
Examples: Sodium salicylate, acetylsalicylic acid, colchicum. 

Antisyphilitic. — An agent that will prevent or relieve syphilis. Ex- 
amples: Mercury, arsenic, iodides. 

Antacid. — An agent that will neutralize acidity. Examples: Mag- 
nesium oxide, sodium bicarbonate. 



DEFINITIONS. 5 

Haematinic. — An agent that will increase the hematin in the blood. 
Example: Iron. 

Aphrodisiac. — An agent that will increase sexual desire or power. 
Examples: Nux vomica, phosphorus, alcohol, and cantharides, are 
usually placed in this class. 

Anaphrodisiac. — An agent that will depress the sexual function. 
Examples: Bromides, opium, monobromated camphor. 

Alkaloid. — A basic substance, usually the active principle of a plant, 
and composed of carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, and, usually, oxygen. 
Examples: Quinine, morphine, strychnine. 

Glucoside; — A substance (usually of vegetable origin) that is capable 
of being split up into two or more simpler bodies, one of which is glucose. 
Examples: Santonin, salicin, digitalin. 

Gum. — An amorphous, non-volatile solid or soft-solid substance 
obtained as a natural exudate from a plant, and possessing the properties 
of being more or less soluble in water, insoluble in alcohol and, when 
moist, having adhesive qualities. Examples: Acacia, tragacanth. 

Resin. — An amorphous, non-volatile solid or soft-solid substance, 
obtained as a natural exudation from or by treatment, of plants. It is prac- 
tically insoluble in water, but soluble in alcohol. Examples: Guaiac, 
rosin. 

Gum-resin. — A natural mixture of gum and resin. Examples: 
Asafetida, myrrh. 

Oil. — A greasy liquid not miscible with water, usually obtained from 
a vegetable or animal source. According to character, they are sub- 
divided principally as fixed and volatile (or essential). Examples: 
Fixed — castor oil, olive oil, codliver oil. Volatile — oils of mustard, pep- 
permint, rose. 

Oleoresin. — A natural mixture of oil and resin. Examples: Oleo- 
resins of aspidium, turpentine, ginger. 

Balsams. — Natural resinous substances derived from plants, and 
containing benzoic, cinnamic or analogous acids. Examples: Balsam of 
Peru, Balsam of Tolu. 

Stearopten. — A concrete or solid substance obtained from a volatile 
oil. Examples: Menthol, thymol. 

Alcohol. — As a class name it means a hydrocarbon radical in com- 
bination with the radical OH. As a name for a definite substance it 
means ethyl alcohol. 

Ether. — As a class name it means a substance composed of two alcohol 
radicals in combination with O. As the name of a definite substance 
it means ethyl ether. 

Ester (or Compound Ether). — A substance composed of an alcohol 
and acid radical in combination with O. Examples: Acetic ether, amyl 
ether. 

Aldehyde. — A compound intermediate between an alcohol and acid. 
A hydrocarbon radical in combination with the radical COH. Example: 
Acetic aldehyde. 

Acid. — A compound composed of hydrogen with an electronegative 
element or group of elements and possessing the following properties: 



6 DEFINITIONS. 

It contains hydrogen that can be replaced by a metal or base to form 
a salt; it changes the color of litmus from blue to red; it has (when 
soluble in water) an acid or sour taste. Examples: Sulphuric acid, hy- 
drochloric acid, citric acid. 

Alkali. — A metallic oxide (except ammonia) that has the property of 
combining with an acid to form a salt, or with an oil to form soap. 
Examples: Caustic soda, caustic potash. 

Base (or Basic Substance). — A compound usually composed of a 
metal with oxygen, or oxygen and hydrogen, and possessing the follow- 
ing properties: With an acid it forms a salt; it has (when soluble in 
water) an alkaline taste and reaction. 

Root. — The underground part of a plant. Usually applied to the 
principal underground plant axis. Examples: Stillingia, glycyrrhiza, 
belladonna. 

Rhizome. — A more or less underground and horizontal root-stem of 
a plant. Examples : Hydrastis, valerian, ginger. 

Tuberous Root. — A thickened primary root. Examples: Aconite, 
jalap. 

Bulb. — A short, thick, underground stem, composed of layers. Ex- 
ample: Squill. 

Corm. — A short, solid, underground stem. Example: Colchicum. 

Leaf. — A plant organ usually shooting out from the side of a stem 
or branch. Usually somewhat flattened and oval in shape and green in 
color. Examples: Belladonna, hyoscyamus, digitalis. 

Leaflet. — One of the subdivisions of a compound leaf. Examples: 
Senna, pilocarpus. 

Bark. — The outer cover of the woody parts of a plant. Examples: 
Cinchona, wild cherry, cascara sagrada. 

Seed. — The part of the fruit containing the germ. Examples: Nux 
vomica, mustard, colchicum seed. 

Fruit. — A product of a plant for the propagation of its kind. It is 
the seed usually with the part containing it. Examples: Colocynth, 
vanilla, capsicum. 

Neutral Principle. — A proximate principle of neutral reaction, not 
otherwise classified. Examples: Aloin, elaterin. 

Flower. — That part of a plant which comprises the organs of repro- 
duction. Examples: Arnica, anthemis, matricaria. 

Herb. — A plant of tender, juicy nature, only living one season. Ex- 
amples: Peppermint, lobelia, pennyroyal. 



INTRODUCTION TO PART I. 



In the following pages are included all official drugs, also some 
few others that are frequently employed by prescribers. 

In the case of the frequently used agents the effort has been 
made to give complete information as to how to employ them to 
meet the conditions for which they are commonly used. No effort 
has been made to show the use in each disease, but only to give 
the practical information and illustrations that will enable the busy 
practitioner to apply theory, and, sitting at the bedside, write pre- 
scriptions for the well-known medicinal agents in a way that will 
reflect credit on himself and serve the best interest of the patient. 

Drugs that are seldom prescribed are not discussed in detail. 

While this is not intended as a work on therapeutics, the pre- 
scriptions given are selected from many thousands and are, with few 
exceptions, formulae that are of tried therapeutic merit. The thera- 
peutic indications in the index are arranged to convert this part of 
the work into a formulary of considerable scope. 

Effort has been made to have each prescription correct from 
every standpoint, and so given that it can be transcribed on a pre- 
scription blank, letter for letter, and sent to the drug-store — a docu- 
ment above criticism. 



(7) 



PART I. 
Materia Medica. 



ACACIA. 



Latin, Acacia (Gen., Acacise). Eng., Acacia. Synonym, Gum 
Arabic. A gummy exudation from Acacia Senegal, a tree growing 
in Africa. 

Form. — A gummy solid substance that is marketed in the form 
of translucent masses (tears), granular powder or fine, white 
powder. The granular form is the most convenient for general use. 

Odor and Taste. — Almost odorless and tasteless. 

Solubility. — Soluble in water ; insoluble in alcohol. 

Incompatibles. — Should not be prescribed with strongly alco- 
holic liquids, ammonia, lead subacetate, solutions of ferric salts, or 
sodium borate. 

Dose. — Ad libitum. 

Official Preparations. 

Mucilago Acaciae (Gen., Mucilaginis Acaciae). Eng., Mucilage of 
Acacia. Acacia, 340 Gm.; Lime-water, 330 Gm.; Water, to make 1000 Gm. 

Syrupus Acaciae (Gen., Syrupi Acacise). Eng., Syrup of Acacia. Acacia, 
100 Gm. ; Sugar, 800 Gm. ; Distilled Water, to make 1000 Cc. 

Therapeutic Action. — Demulcent. 

Uses. — Chiefly used to give viscosity or body to liquids, so 
that after shaking the bottle insoluble matter will remain sus- 
pended long enough for a dose to be poured out before it settles. 
It is also a favorite emulsifying agent and is sometimes used for 
its demulcent properties. 

Administration. — The following will illustrate some common 
modes of prescribing : 

In the treatment of stomatitis (child 3 years old) : 



Ri or 

Potas. Chloratis gr. xxiv 1 

Tinct. Myrrhse -n^x 

Syr. Acacise f3ij 30 

Aquae q. s. f Sii j 90 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful every three hours. 



50 
65 
00 
00 



1 Anders: Practice of Medicine. 



(9) 



10 ACETANILIDUM. 

In the treatment of the diarrhea of typhoid fever : 

Ifci or 

Bismuthi Subnit gr. clx 10 

Phenolis Liq iTL v nJ 

Tinct. Opii Deod f3j 4 

Mucil. Acacise fSj 30 

Aquas q. s. f 3iv 120 

M. 

Sig.— "Shake." 

Teaspoonful every three hours. 

In the treatment of acute bronchitis : 
I£2 or 

Terebeni f 3ij 8 

Creosoti f3ss 2 

Acacise q. s. 

Aquae Chlorof ormi q. s. £5iij 90 

M. ft. emul. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful with water every four hours. 



ACETANILIDUM. 

/ Latin, Acetanilidum (Gen., Acetanilidi). Eng., Acetanilide. 

Synonym, Antifebrin. Formula, C 8 H 9 NO. A derivative of aniline. 

Form. — Shining, crystalline laminae or crystalline powder. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless and almost tasteless. 

Solubility. — In 179 parts of water or in 2.5 parts of alcohol. 

Incompatibles. — Alkaline bromides and iodides in aqueous solu- 
tions, chloroform., hydrated chloral, phenol, resorcin, thymol, spirit 
of nitrous ether. 

Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). 



Official Preparation. 

Pulvis Acetanilidi Compositus (Gen., Pulveris Acetanilidi Compositi). 
Eng., Compound Acetanilide Powder. Acetanilide, 70 Gm. ; Caffeine, 10 Gm. ; 
Sodium Bicarbonate, 20 Gm. 

Average Dose. — iy 2 grains (0.500 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Analgesic, antipyretic, antiseptic. 

Uses. — At one time acetanilide was the principal constituent 
of most proprietary headache remedies. The present require- 
ments of the federal and State drug laws and the press campaign 



1 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 

2 Ibid. 



ACETAXILIDUM. 



11 



against it have now largely restricted its employment in pro- 
prietaries. Its chief use by the profession is in the treatment of 
certain forms of headache. Sometimes used to reduce fever and 
in antiseptic dusting powders and ointments. 

Toxicology. — Poisoning by the coal-tar antipyretics is usually 
diagnosed by the history of an excessive amount of headache 
medicine having been taken. Some of the symptoms are : cya- 
nosis ; cold, moist skin ; weak pulse ; general depression. There 
may be a skin eruption. Treatment consists in emptying the 
stomach and stimulating, usually by ammonia, caffeine, strych- 
nine, digitalis, etc. The patient should be kept warm. 

Administration. — Acetanilide is usually prescribed in cap- 
sules or powders. 

The following illustrates some of the best combinations for 
administering the drug: 



3 

Pulv. Acetanilidi Co 3ss 

Ft. cht. no. iv. 

Sig. — One every three hours until relieved. 



or 



The following has been recommended for headache 

Bi or 

Acetanilidi gr. lxxij 

Caffeinse Citratae, 

Camphoras Monobromatae aa. gr. xij 

Sodii bicarbonatis gr. xlviij 

M. ft. cap. no. xxiv. 

Sig. — One every half-hour until six (6) are taken. 



50 

75 
00 



In the treatment of postanesthetic vomiting: 

R2 or 

Cocainse Hydrochlor gr. j 

Acetanilidi gr. x 

Cerii Oxalatis gr. xx 

M. ft. cht. no. iv. 

Sig. — One every two hours when indicated. 



[065 

|650 
1!300 



Acetanilide is sometimes ordered in aromatic spirit of am- 
monia, as in the following, which has been extensively used for 
headache, nervousness, hiccough, etc., particularly when fol- 
lowing alcoholism : 



i Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 
2 Ashton: Practice of Gynecology. 



12 



ACETANILIDUM. 



B or 

Acetanilidi 3ss 2 

Spir. Ammon. Arom f3iv 15 

Caffeinae Citratae gr. xvj 1 

Sodii bromidi gr. Ixxx 5 

Elix. Aromatici q. s. f 3i j 60 

M. 

Sig. — Two (2) teaspoonfuls in water every two hours until relieved. 

This is written in the order in which it should be prepared 
by the compounder. 

Acetanilide is sometimes prescribed in suspension, as in the 
following, which has been employed in the beginning of colds : 

B or 

Pulv. Acetan. Co gr. xxx 2 

Ammonii Carb gr. xxiv 1 5 

Tinct. Hyoscyami f 3j 4 

Spir. Vini Gallici f&j 60 

Syr. Tolutani q. s. f 3ii j 90 

M. 

Sig.— "Shake." 

Tablespoonful in water every three hours until relieved. 

The preparation does not present a very elegant appearance, 
but seems clinically of value. 

Compressed tablets are kept by pharmacists, containing from 
2 to 5 grains of the drug, either alone or with agents, as citrated 
caffeine, etc. They are often very hard and undesirable. 

Acetanilide is sometimes used with other agents in dusting 
powders, as : 

B or 

Acetanilidi Pulv 3j 4| 

Acidi Borici 3ij 81 

Amyli q. s. 5j 30| 

M. tere bene. 

Sig. — Apply as directed. 

Some ointments are shown in the following: 
In the treatment of erythema : 

$i or 

Acetanilidi, gr. xxx 2 

Acidi Borici gr. xx 13 

Adipis Lanse Hyd Bss 15 

Ung. Aquae Rosae , . q. s. Bj 30 

M. 

Sig. — Apply thin several times daily. 



1 Ohmann-Dumesnil: Diseases of the Skin. 



ACETONUM. 



ACETUM. 



ACETPHENETIDINUM. 



13 



As a bland ointment in the treatment of comedo 

Ri or 

Acetanilidi gr. xx 

Bismuthi Subnit 3j 

Ung. Aquae Rosse q. s. 3j 

M. 

Sig. — Apply as directed. 

In the treatment of erythema scarlatiniforme : 

1*2 or 

Cocainse Hydrochlor gr. iv 

Acetanilidi gr. xx 

Zinci Oxidi 3iss 

Ung. Zinci Oxidi q. s. Sij 

M. 

Sig. — Apply thin on a cloth. 



1 

4 

30 



2 

1 

6 

60 



ACETONUM. 

Latin, Acetonum (Gen., Acetoni). Eng., Acetone. A colorless 
liquid containing not less than 99 per cent, by weight of absolute 
Acetone. 

Therapeutic Action. — Said to be anesthetic and hypnotic. 

Uses. — Acetone is extensively used in pharmaceutical manu- 
facturing, but is not often a prescription ingredient. 

ACETUM— Vinegar. 

The official vinegars are solutions of medicinal substances in 
diluted acetic acid. They are seldom prescribed. 
The following are official : 

Acetum Opii. — See Opium. 
Acetum Scillae. — See Scilla. 



ACETPHENETIDINUM. 

Latin, Acetphenetidinum (Gen., Acetphenetidini). Eng., Acet- 
phenetidin. Synonym, Phenacetin. Formula, C10H13NO2. A 
phenol derivative. 

Form. — White, crystalline powder. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless and tasteless. 

Solubility. — In 925 parts of water or 12 parts of alcohol. 



1 Ohruann-Duniesnil: Diseases of the Skin. 

2 Ibid. 



14 



ACETPHENETIDINUM. 



Incompatibles. — Hydrated chloral, iodine, phenol, salicylic acid, 
and oxidizing agents. 

Average Dose. — 7y 2 grains (0.500 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Analgesic, antipyretic, sedative. 

Uses. — Extensively employed for the relief of headache. 
Used in the treatment of colds, "grip," tonsillitis, bronchitis, etc., 
either to relieve pain or reduce temperature or both. Sometimes 
used for nervousness. It is considered safer than acetanilide. 

Administration, — Owing to the lack of odor and taste and its 
limited solubility it is prescribed almost exclusively in capsules 
or powders. 

Acetphenetidin when used alone may be ordered as : 



3 

Acetphenetidini '3ss 

Ft. cht. no. iv. 

Sig. — One every three hours until relieved. 



or 



In the treatment of coryza : 

Ifci or 

Acetphenetidini gr. xxxvj 

Phenylis Salicyl 3j 

M. ft. cht. no. xij. 

Sig. — One every two hours. 

In the treatment of influenza : 

B2 or 

Caffeinae Citratse gr. x 

Camphorae gr. x 

Acetphenetidini gr. xxx 

M. ft. cap. no. x. 

Sig. — One every two hours. 

Used in the treatment of influenza : 

$3 or 

Acetphenetidini, 

Phenylis Salicyl aa. gr. xlv 

Pulv. Ipecac et Opii gr. viij 

M. ft. cap. no. xv. 

Sig. — One every three hours. 



1 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 

2 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 

3 Ibid. 



2|5 
410 



65 
65 

00 



ACIDUM ACETICUM. ACIDUM BORICUM. 15 

In the treatment of migraine : 

IM or 

Caffeinae Citratse gr. v |32 

Camphorse Monobromatae gr. xx 1 130 

Acetphenetidini gr. xx 1 130 

M. ft. cap. no. x. 

Sig. — One every two hours until relieved. 

ACIDUM ACETICUM. 

Latin^ Acidum Aceticum (Gen., Acidi Acetici). Eng., Acetic 
Acid. Formula, HC2H3O2. A colorless liquid containing not less 
than 36 per cent, by weight of absolute Acetic Acid. 

Acidum Aceticum Dilutum. — Eng., Diluted Acetic Acid. A 
colorless liquid containing not less than 6 per cent, by weight of 
absolute Acetic Acid. 

Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). 

Acidum Aceticum Glaciale. — Eng., Glacial Acetic Acid. A 
colorless liquid containing not less than 99 per cent, by weight 
of absolute Acetic Acid. 

Therapeutic Action. — Antiseptic, astringent, refrigerant, irri- 
tant, caustic. 

Uses. — The acetic acids are not often prescribed as such. 
They are used in pharmaceutical manufacturing as reagents, and 
sometimes in the treatment of local conditions, as ulcers, new 
growths, etc. Seldom prescribed. 

ACIDUM BENZOICUM. 

See Benzoin, p. 84. 

ACIDUM BORICUM. 

Latin, Acidum Boricum (Gen., Acidi Borici). Eng., Boric Acid. 
Synonym, Boracic Acid. Formula, H3BO3. 

Form. — May be in scales or crystals, but usually a light, white, 
very fine powder. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless and almost tasteless. 

Solubility. — In 18 parts of water, 153 parts of alcohol, and 4.6 
parts of glycerin. 

Incompatibles. — Alkali hydroxides and carbonates. 

Average Dose. — 7]/ 2 grains (0.500 Gm.). 

1 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 



16 ACIDUM BORICUM. 

Official Preparations. 

Glyceritum Boroglycerini (Gen., Glyceriti Boroglycerini). Eng., Glycer- 
ite of Boroglycerin. Synonym, Solution of Boroglyceride. Boric Acid, 
310 Gm.; Glycerin, to make 1000 Gm. 

Liquor Anticepticus (Gen., Liquoris Antiseptici). Eng., Antiseptic Solu- 
tion. Boric Acid, 20 Gm. ; Benzoic Acid, 1 Gm. ; Thymol, 1 Gm. ; Eucalyptol, 
0.25 Cc; Oil of Peppermint, 0.50 Cc; Oil of Gaultheria, 0.25 Cc; Oil of 
Thyme, 0.10 Cc; Alcohol, 250 Cc; Purified Talc, 20 Gm.; Water, to make 
1000 Cc. 

Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). 

Unguentum Acidi Borici (Gen., Unguenti Acidi Borici). Eng., Oint- 
ment of Boric Acid. Boric Acid, 100 Gm.; Paraffin, 100 Gm.; White 
Petrolatum, 800 Gm. 

Therapeutic Action. — Antiseptic, mild germicide, and urinary 
antiseptic. 

Uses. — Boric acid, by mouth or irrigation, is used in the treat- 
ment of gonorrhea, cystitis, and some other conditions of the 
urinary tract, particularly when it is desired to increase the 
acidity of the urine. It is used as a wash for eye troubles, sores, 
etc. In the form of the boroglyceride tampons it is employed in 
vaginitis, metritis, etc. In ointments or dusting powders it is 
used for sores, dermatitis, prickly heat, and many other super- 
ficial conditions. It enters into many mouth-washes, nasal 
sprays, antiseptic solutions, etc., that are employed in the treat- 
ment of nasal catarrh, rhinitis, stomatitis, pyorrhea, etc. 

Administration. — Boric acid is frequently prescribed in solu- 
tion. The following will illustrate : 

The so-called "saturated solution" is probably best ordered 



as 



$ or 

Acidi Borici 3iss 6 

Aquae Dest q. s. f 3iv 120 

M. ft. sol. 

Sig. — Apply as directed. 

In rendering the urine more acid : 
Ri or 

Acidi Benzoici 3ij 8 

Acidi Borici 3iij 12 

Aquae Cinnamomi fBxij 360 

M. 

Sig. — Tablespoonful in water four times daily. 



lAshton: Practice of Gynecology. 



ACIDUM BORICUM. 



17 



In the treatment of gonorrhea : 

I*i or 

Acidi Borici, 

Sodii Bromidi aa. gr. clx 10 

Tinct. Belladon. Fol fSj 4 

Liq. Potas. Citratis q. s. f Sviij 240 

M. 

Sig. — Tablespoonful in water four times daily. 



As a mouth- wash in pyorrhoea alveolaris : 

$2 or 

Acidi Borici 3j 4|00 

Phenolis Liq nixij |75 

Glycerini f3j 4|00 

Aquae Mentha? Pip q. s. f 5vj 180|00 

M. 

Sig. — Use as a mouth-wash. 

In the treatment of miliaria : 
R3 or 

Phenolis, gr. xv 1 

Acidi Borici '3ij 8 

Glycerini f 3ss 2 

Alcoholis fgj 30 

Aquae q. s. fSvii j 240 

M. 

Sig. — Apply locally. 



The following illustrates its use in dusting powders : 
As dusting powder in the treatment of "prickly heat" : 

B or 

Acidi Salicylici gr. xv 1 

Acidi Borici 3ij 8 

Zinci Oxidi 3iv 15 

Amyli q. s. Bi j 60 

M. tere bene simul. 

Sig. — Apply as directed. 

This is best applied by putting the powder in a cloth bag and 
patting the affected parts with it several times a day, particularly 
after each bath. 



1 White and Martin: Genito-urinary and Venereal Diseases. 

2 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 

3 Stelwagon: Diseases of the Skin. 

2 



18 



ACIDUM CITRICUM. 



As a dusting powder in the treatment of hyperhidrosis: 

Ri or 

Acidi Salicyl. Pulv gr. xx 1 13 

Acidi Borici Pulv 3v 19|0 

Zinci Oxidi Pulv 3iij 12|0 

M. 

Sig. — Apply as directed. 

It is often used in ointments. 

Some combinations are shown in the following : 

In the treatment of ecthyma : 
R2 or 

Acidi Borici gr. x |65 

Bismuthi Subnit 3j 4|00 

Picis Liquidae gr. xx 1 130 

Ung. Aquae Rosae q. s. 5j 30JOO 

M. 

Sig. — Apply on a cloth twice a day. 

In the treatment of erythema : 
1*3 or 

Acetanalidi gr. xxx 2 

Acidi Borici gr. xx 1 

Adipis Lanae Hyd Sss 15 

Ung. Aquae Rosae q. s. 3j 30 

M. 

Sig. — Apply thin several times daily. 



The following is frequently employed on vaginal tampons 

Ichthyolis fSiy 

Glyc. Boroglycerini f&iv 

M. 

Sig. — For office use. 



ACIDUM CAMPHORICUM. 

See Camphor, p. 105. 

ACIDUM CITRICUM. 

Latin, Acidum Citricum (Gen., Acidi Citrici). Eng., Citric Acid. 
Formula, H 3 C 6 H 5 7 + H 2 0. An organic acid usually prepared 
from the juice of limes or lemons. 



1 Stelwagon: Diseases of the Skin. 

2 Ohmann-Dumesnil: Diseases of the Skin. 

3 Ibid. 



ACIDUM CITRICUM. 19 

Form. — Colorless crystals. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless and an agreeable acid taste. 
Solubility. — In 0.54 part of water and in 1.55 parts of alcohol. 
Incompatibles. — Should not be prescribed in dry form or with 
alkaline acetates, carbonates, sulphides, tartrates, or mineral acids. 
Average Dose. — 7y 2 grains (0.500 Gm.). 

Official Preparations. 

Citric acid is used in the preparation of many effervescing preparations, 
solutions, syrups, etc. The effect is usually sought by prescribing the 
citrates. 

Therapeutic Action. — Refrigerant, antiscorbutic, mild laxative, 
and systemic alkalinizer. 

Uses. — Citric acid is seldom employed as such by the physician. 
Its uses are more fully discussed under Citrates and Limonis Succus. 

Official Citrates. 

LITHII CITRAS (Gen., Lithii Citratis). Eng., Lithium Citrate. 
Form. — A white powder. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless and having a cooling, alkaline taste. 
Solubility. — In about 2 parts of water; almost insoluble in alcohol. 
Incompatibles. — Alcohol, carbonates, lead acetate, silver nitrate. 
Average Dose. — 7y 2 grains (0.500 Gm.). 

POTASSII CITRAS (Gen., Potassii Citratis^. Eng., Potassium Citrate. 
Formula, K3C6H5O7 + H 2 0. 

Form. — Transparent crystals or white powder. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless and a cooling, saline taste. 

Solubility. — In about 0.5 part of water: sparingly soluble in alcohol. 

Incompatibles. — Alcohol, lead acetate, potassium permanganate in acid 
solution, silver nitrate. 

Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 

Preparations. 

Potassii Citras Effervescens. Eng., Effervescent Potassium Citrate. 
A fine white, odorless, soluble powder, containing 20 per cent of the salt 
with sodium bicarbonate and citric and tartaric acids. 

Average Dose. — 60 grains (4 Gm.). 

Liquor Potassii Citratis. Eng., Solution of Potassium Citrate. A 
colorless, odorless liquid containing about 8 per cent, of potassium citrate 
with small amounts of citric and carbonic acids. 

Average Dose. — 4 fluidrachms (16 Cc). 

SODII CITRAS (Gen., Sodii Citratis). Eng., Sodium Citrate. For- 
mula, Xa 3 C6H 5 07 + 11 HoO. 

Form. — A white, granular powder. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless and having a cooling, saline taste. 



20 ACIDUM CITRICUM. 

Solubility. — In 1.1 parts of water, slightly soluble in alcohol. 

Incompatibles. — Alcohol, lead acetate, silver nitrate. 

Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 

BISMUTHI CITRAS.— See Bismuth, p. 89. 

BISMUTHI ET AMMONII CITRAS.— See Bismuth, p. 89. 

FERRI CITRAS.— See Ferrum, p. 156. 

FERRI ET AMMONII CITRAS.— See Ferrum, p. 156. 

FERRI ET QUININiE CITRAS.— See Ferrum, p. 156. 

FERRI ET QUININE CITRAS SOLUBILIS.— See Ferrum, p. 156. 

FERRI ET STRYCHNINE CITRAS.— See Ferrum, p. 156. 

Therapeutic Action. — Said to be mildly diuretic, diaphoretic, 
expectorant, refrigerant, alkalinizer. 

Uses. — The real value of the citrates in medicine seems to be 
very poorly established, some using them extensively and claiming 
much, and others placing no reliance in them at all. They are 
prescribed as such or as the "solution of potassium citrate" in the 
treatment of gonorrhea, cystitis, etc., particularly when it is 
desired to render the urine less acid. They are also still used in 
the treatment of renal or cystic calculi, gout, and rheumatism. 
They are largely used in cough and fever mixtures, particularly for 
colds, influenza, bronchitis, and pneumonia. They have been recom- 
mended to lessen coagulability in the early stages of pneumonia, 
and late in typhoid fever. Sodium citrate is quite extensively em- 
ployed in infant feeding to prevent the formation of hard curds 
from milk. 

Administration. — The citrates of lithium, potassium, and sodium 
are the salts used for the citric acid radical. They are somewhat 
deliquescent, so are not prescribed in powders. The doses are 
rather large for capsules. Their solubility and freedom from odor 
or unpleasant taste render them well suited to administration in 
aqueous solution, which is the usual method of employment. The 
lithium citrate is on the market in 3- and 5- grain tablets, put up 
40 to the bottle. They are frequently prescribed and should always 
be ordered in this number, so that the original bottle may be 
dispensed. Lithium citrate tablets are often prescribed for rheuma- 
tism, genito-urinary disturbances, etc. 

Tab. Lithii Cit. (gr. v) no. xl. 

Sig. — One in a glass of water every four hours. 

Some prescriptions showing the usual employment of citrates 
are shown in the following: 



ACIDUM CITRICUM. 



21 



For cough, bronchitis, etc. (child four years old) : 
$ or 

Potassii Citratis gr. lxxx 5 

Spir. yEtheris Nit f3ij 8 

Syr. Ipecacuanha? f 3ss 2 

Syr. Limonis f3iv 15 

Aquae q. s. f Sij 60 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful every two hours. 

In the treatment of cough : 

Ri or 

Codeinae Sulphatis gr. iss |1 

Potassii Citratis '3ij 8|0 

Syr. Tolutani fSj 30|0 

Aquae q. s. fSiij 90|0 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful every two hours. 



In the treatment of the cough of measles : 

$2 

Potassii Citratis 3ss 

Limonis Succi f Bj 

Tinct. Opii Camph f3ij 

Syr. Ipecacuanhas f3ij 

Syr. Tolutani q. s. f Si j 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful every two hours. 



or 



15| 
301 



601 



Something like the following has been suggested in the effort 

to abort pneumonia : 

n or 

Sodii Citratis Sj 30| 

Aquae Menth. Pip q. s. f£iij 90 1 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water every two hours. 

In the treatment of gonorrhea : 
1*3 or 

Acidi Borici, 

Sodii Bromidi aa.gr. clx 101 

Tinct. Belladon. Fol f3j 4| 

Liq. Potas. Citratis q. s. f§viij 240| 

M. 

Sig. — Tablespoonful in water four times daily. 



1 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 

2 Anders: Practice of Medicine. 

3 White and Martin: Genito-urinary and Venereal Diseases. 



22 ACIDUM HYDROCHLORICUM. 

Used as an antipyretic in the acute diseases of childhood, as 
measles, scarlatina, bronchitis, etc. : 

I£i or 

Tinct. Aconiti HT.xvj 1 

Spir. iEtheris Nit fSiij 12 

Liq. Potassii Cit ££j 60 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful every two hours. 

ACIDUM GALLICUM. 

Latin, Acidum Gallicum (Gen., Acidi Gallici). Eng., Gallic 
Acid. An organic acid usually prepared from tannic acid. 

Form. — White or pale fawn-colored needles or prisms. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless; an astringent and slightly acidulous 
taste. 

Solubility. — In about 85 parts of water or 4.14 parts of alcohol. 

Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Astringent, styptic ; also classed as a 
haemostatic. 

Uses. — Gallic acid is now seldom employed in treatment. 
Bismuth subgallate is discussed elsewhere. 

ACIDUM HYDRIODICUM DILUTUM. 

See Iodum, p. 200. 

ACIDUM HYDROBROMICUM DILUTUM. 

See Bromum, p. 94. 

ACIDUM HYDROCHLORICUM. 

Latin, Acidum Hydrochloricum (Gen., Acidi Hydrochlorici). 
Eng., Hydrochloric Acid. Synonym, Muriatic Acid. 

Form. — A colorless liquid, containing 31.9 per cent, by weight 
of absolute Hydrochloric Acid and 68.1 per cent, of water. 

Odor and Taste. — Pungent odor which disappears on diluting. 
Intensely acid taste. 

Solubility. — Miscible in all proportions with water or alcohol. 

Incompatibles. — Alkaline carbonates, chlorates, permanganates, 
silver salts, lead salts, tartar emetic, alcohol, ether, carbohydrates, 
sulphur, etc. 



1 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 



ACIDUM HYDROCHLORICUM. 23 

Official Preparation. 

Acidum Hydrochloricum Dilutum (Gen., Acidi Hydrochlorici Diluti). 
Eng., Diluted Hydrochloric Acid. Synonym, Diluted Muriatic Acid. A 
colorless liquid containing 10 per cent, by weight of absolute Hydro- 
chloric Acid and 90 per cent, of water. 

Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). 

Hydrochloric Acid is also contained in some other preparations, as Liquor 
Acidi Arsenosi and Tinctura Ferri Chloridi. 

Therapeutic Action. — Aids digestion. 

Uses. — The diluted acid is extensively used, either alone or in 
combination, in the treatment of indigestion, where there is a defi- 
ciency of normal gastric secretion. Sometimes used in tonic and 
stomachic preparations. 

Administration. — The Diluted Hydrochloric Acid is the prep- 
aration usually employed. 

When it is desired to give hydrochloric acid alone, it may be 
ordered as: 

n or 

Acidi Hydrochlor. Dil ££j 60 1 

Sig. — Fifteen (15) drops in water after meals. 

Or: 

B or 

Acidi Hydrochlor. Dil fSj 30 

Aquae q. s. f5iv 120 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water after meals. 

In combination with other digestive agents it may be ordered as : 

3 or 

Acidi Hydrochlor. Dil fSj 30 1 

Liq. Pepsini Arom. (N. F.) q. s. fSviij 2401 

M. 

Sig. — Two (2) teaspoonfuls in water after meals. 

Elix. Digest. Co. may be used instead of the Liq. Pepsini Arom. 

in the above. 

In combination as a digestant : 

$ or 

Pepsini 3ij 8| 

Acidi Hydrochlor. Dil., 
Tinct. Nucis Vomicae, 

Glycerini aa. f Hj 30 1 

Aquae q. s. fSvj 1801 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water after meals. 



24 ACIDUM HYPOPHOSPHOROSUM. 

Or: 

R 1 . or 

Pepsini '3j 

Acidi Hydrochlor. Dil. f3iv 

Strychninae Sulph gr. ss 

Glycerini f5ss 

Aquae Chlorof ormi q. s. fSiij 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water after meals. 



4|00 

15|00 

|03 

15|00 

90100 



In the treatment of anemia : 

Hydrarg. Chlor. Corros gr. j 

Liq. Acidi Arsenosi f 3-j 

Tinct. Ferri Chlor., 
Acidi Hydrochlor. Dil., 

Syrupi aa. f 3iv 

Aquae q. s. f 3v j 

M. 

Sig. — Two (2) teaspoonfuls in water after meals. 



or 



8 
180 



065 
000 



000 

000 



ACIDUM HYDROCYANICUM DILUTUM. 

Latin, Acidum Hydrocyanicum Dilutum (Gen., Acidi Hydro- 
cyanici Diluti). Eng., Diluted Hydrocyanic Acid. Synonym, Di- 
luted Prussic Acid. A colorless liquid composed of not less than 
2 per cent, of absolute Hydrocyanic Acid and about 98 per cent, 
of water. 

Average Dose. — \y 2 minims (0.1 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Sedative and local anaesthetic. 

Uses. — Hydrocyanic acid as such is seldom used in medicine. 
Internally it is sometimes used to allay cough or nausea. Externally 
it is used to allay itching. Seldom prescribed as such, except by 
dermatologists. 

ACIDUM HYPOPHOSPHOROSUM. 

Latin, Acidum Hypophosphorosum (Gen., Acidi Hypophos- 
phorosi). Eng., Hypophosphorous Acid. Formula, HPH 2 2 . A 
colorless liquid composed of 30 per cent, by weight of absolute 
Hypophosphorous Acid and 70 per cent, of water. 



1 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 



ACIDUM HYPOPHOSPHOROSUM. 25 

Official Preparation. 

Acidum Hypophosphorosum Dilutum. Eng., Diluted Hypophosphor- 
ous Acid. A colorless liquid composed of 10 per cent, by weight of 
absolute Hypophosphorous Acid and 90 per cent, of water. 

Average Dose. — 8 minims (0.5 Cc). 

Diluted Hypophosphorous Acid is used in the syrup of ferrous iodide. 

Official Hypophosphites and Preparations. 

Incompatibles. — Arsenic salts, bromine, bromates, chlorine and chlorates, 
chromates, copper salts, ferric salts, iodine and iodates, nitric acid, perman- 
ganate, sulphuric and sulphurous acids. 

CALCII HYPOPHOSPHIS. Eng., Calcium Hypophosphite. For- 
mula, Ca(PH 2 2 )2. 

Form. — Colorless prisms, scales or white crystalline powder. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless, a nauseous, bitter taste. 

Solubility. — In 6.5 parts of water; insoluble in alcohol. 

Average Dose. — 7y 2 grains (0.500 Gm.). 

FERRI HYPOPHOSPHIS. Eng., Ferric Hypophosphite. Formula, 

Fe(PH 2 2 )3. 

Form. — A white or grayish-white powder. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless and nearly tasteless. 

Solubility. — In 2300 parts of water; more readily soluble in the presence 
of hypophosphorous acid or in a warm, concentrated solution of an alkali 
citrate. 

Average Dose. — 3 grains (0.200 Gm.). 

MANGANI HYPOPHOSPHIS. Eng., Manganese Hypophosphite. 
Formula, Mn(PH 2 2 ) 2 . 

Form. — A pink, crystalline powder. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless and nearly tasteless. 

Solubility. — In 6.6 parts of water; almost insoluble in alcohol. 

Average Dose. — 3 grains (0.200 Gm.). 

POTASSII HYPOPHOSPHIS. Eng., Potassium Hypophosphite. 
Formula, KPH 2 2 . 

Form. — White plates, masses or granular powder. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless; a pungent saline taste. 

Solubility. — In 0.5 part of water or 7 perts of alcohol; deliquescent. 

Average Dose. — iy 2 grains (0.500 Gm.). 

SODII HYPOPHOSPHIS. Eng., Sodium Hypophosphite. Formula, 
NaPH 2 2 . 

Form. — Colorless plates or white granular powder. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless ; a bitterish-sweet, saline taste. 

Solubility. — In about 1 part of water or 25 parts of alcohol; deliquescent. 

Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 

Official Preparations. 

Syrupus Hypophosphitum. Eng., Syrup of Hypophosphites. Calcium 
Hypophosphite, 45 Gm.; Potassium Hypophosphite, 15 Gm.; Sodium 



26 ACIDUM HYPOPHOSPHOROSUM. 

Hypophosphite, 15 Gm.; Diluted Hypophosphorous Acid, 2 Gm.; Tincture of 
Fresh Lemon Peel. 5 Cc.; Sugar. 650 Gul; Water, to make 1000 C 

Average Dose. — 2 fluidrachms (8 Cc). 

Syrupus Hypophosphitum Compositus. Eng.. Compound Syrup of 
Hypophosphites. Calcium Hypophosphite. 35 Gm,; Potassium Hypo- 
phosphite. 17.50 Gm.; Sodium Hypophosphite, 17.50 Gm.; Ferric Hypo- 
phosphite. 2_25 Gm.; Manganese Hypophosphitr 2 _ : Sm.: Quinine, 1.10 
Gm.: Strychnine, 0.115 Gul; Sodium Citrate, 3.75 Gm.; Diluted Hypophos- 
phorous Acid. 15 Cc: Sugar. 775 Gm.; Water, to make 1000 Cc 
: .rage Dose. — 2 fluidrachms (8 Cc). 

The Hypophosphites of Calcium, Potassium and Sodium are contained in 
the Emulsion of Codliver Oil with Hypophosphite? p. 238). 

Unofficial Preparations. 

Potassium Glycerophosphas (Potassium Glycerophosphate) and Sodii 
Glycerophosphas (Sodium Glycerophosphate) are white powders so 
hygroscopic that they usually appear in commerce in the form of solu- 
tions only. The Glycerophosphates of Calcium, Iron, Lithium and Mag- 
nesium are white soluble powders. The doses are the same as for cor- 
responding hypophosphites. These salts may also be obtained in the 
unofficial Compound Syrup of Glycerophosphates or Compound Solution 
of Glycerophosphates. 

Therapeutic Action. — Tonic. 

Uses. — The value of these preparations is seriously ques- 
tioned, but they have been, and still are. extensively used for general 
debility, neurasthenia, hysteria, phthisis, convalescence from 
hausting fevers, etc. It is possible that the good results claimed are 
due to the fact that the compound syrup is usually employed and 
that contains strychnine and quinine in addition to the metallic hypo- 
phosphites. or glycerophosphate 

Administration. — The Hypophosphites are most frequently 
prescribed in the form of the Compound Syrup of Hypophosphites. 
which is either ordered alone or with other agents as additional 
S I . chnine or the Tincture of Xux Vomica. The Emulsion of Cod- 
liver Oil with Hypophosphites is also a favorite form for adminis- 
tration. Many claim that there is no advantage from a combination 

found in the syrups, and prefer to prescribe one or two alone. 
Calcium Hypophosphite seems to be the salt of choice under these 
circumstances. Many prescribers now prefer the unofficial Glycero- 
phosphates, either using one alone, as that of Calcium or Sodium, or 
ordering the Compound Syrup or the Compound Solution. 

The hypophosphites may be ordered 
R or 

Hypophos. Co : oviij _-" 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water after meals. 



ACIDUM LACTICUM. ACIDUM NITRICUM. 27 



Or: 



J 



$ or 

Tinct. Nucis Vomicae fSj 301 

Syr. Hypophos. Co q. s. flviij 2401 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water before meals. 

A popular remedy particularly in phthisis, chronic bronchitis, 
etc. : 

H or 

Emul. 01. Morrh. cum Hypophos Oj 4801 

Sig.— "Shake." 

Tablespoonful after meals. 



ACIDUM LACTICUM. 

Latin, Acidum Lacticum (Gen., Acidi Lactici). Eng., Lactic 
Acid. Formula, HC3H5O3. A colorless liquid containing not less 
than 75 per cent, by weight of absolute Lactic Acid. 

Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Co.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Astringent, irritant, caustic, antiseptic. 

Uses. — Sometimes used for the local lesions of diphtheria, 
scarlatina, tubercular laryngitis, etc. Seldom prescribed. 



ACIDUM NITRICUM. 

Latin, Acidum Nitricum (Gen., Acidi Nitrici). Eng., Nitric 
Acid. Synonym, Aqua Fortis. Formula, HNO3. A colorless liquid 
composed of 68 per cent, by weight of absolute Nitric Acid and 32 
per cent, water. 

Official Preparation. 

Acidum Nitricum Dilutum. Eng., Diluted Nitric Acid. A colorless 
liquid containing 10 per cent, by weight of absolute Nitric Acid and 90 per 
cent, of water. 

Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Caustic. 

Uses. — Nitric acid is used as a caustic to remove warts and 
other small growths, and to cauterize ulcers, particularly chancre 
and chancroid. 



2$ ACIDUM PHOSPHORICUM. 

ACIDUM NITROHYDROCHLORICUM. 

Latin. Acidum Xitrohydrochloricum (Gen., Acidi Xitrohydro- 
chlorici). Eng.. Xitrohydrochloric Acid. Synonyms. Xitromuriatic 
Acid. Aqua Regia. 

Xitric acid, 180 Cc. ; hydrochloric acid. 820 Cc. 

Average Dose. — 3 minims (0.2 Cc.V 

Official Preparation. 

Acidum Nitrohydrochloricum Dilutum. Eng., Diluted Xitrohydro- 
chloric Acid. Xitric Acid. 40 Cc: Hydrochloric Acid. 182 Cc; Distilled 
Water. 780 Cc. 

Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Astringent, caustic, cholagogue. 

Uses. — Employed in gastric and intestinal indigestion, chronic 
diarrhea, hepatitis, hepatic cirrhosis, furunculosis. etc. 

Administration. — These, if prescribed, are usually ordered 
alone. They should be well diluted when taken. 

ACIDUM OLEICUM. 

Latin. Acidum Oleicum i Gen.. Acidi Oleici). Eng., Oleic Acid. 
Formula. HCisH 33 0o. A yellowish or brownish-yellow oily liquid. 

ACIDUM PHOSPHORICUM. 

Latin. Acidum Phosphoricum (Gen.. Acidi Phosphoricn. Eng.. 
Phosphoric Acid. Svnonvm. Svrupv Phosphoric Acid. Formula. 
H 3 P0 4 . 

Form. — A liquid composed of 85 per cent, by weight of absolute 
Orthophosphoric Acid and 15 per cent, of water. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless and strongly acid taste. 

Solubility. — Miscible with water or alcohol in all proportions. 

Iueompatibles. — Practically all metallic salts except those of the 
alkali metals. 

Official Preparation. 

Acidum Phosphoricum Dilutum (Gen.. Acidi Phosphorici DilutVt. 
Eng.. Diluted Phosphoric Acid. A liquid composed of 10 per cent, by weight 
of Absolute Orthophosphoric Acid and 90 per cent. Water. 

Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). 

Phosphoric Acid is also contained in some other preparations. 
Therapeutic Action. — Has been classed as a tonic and altera- 
tive. 



ACIDUM PICRICUM. ACIDUM SALICYLICUM. 29 

Uses. — Sometimes employed in tonic preparations, particu- 
larly for conditions characterized by loss of appetite, indigestion, etc. 

Administration. — The following will illustrate the method of 
employing the drug: 

3 or 

Acidi Phosph. Dil., 
Tinct. Ferri Chlor., 

Tinct. Nucis Vom aa. f 5j 30 

Syr. Pruni Virg q. s. fgvj 180| 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water after meals. 

ACIDUM PICRICUM. 

(Not Official.) 

Latin, Acidum Picricum (Gen., Acidi Picrici). Eng., Picric Acid. 

Form. — Pale-yellow crystals. 

Odor and Taste. — Almost odorless; disagreeable, burning taste. 
Solubility. — In 170 parts of water, or 10 parts of alcohol. 
Incompatibles. — Most other substances, particularly those easily oxidized; 
alum, gelatin, alkaloids, sulphur, phosphorus, etc. 
Average Dose. — 1 grain (0.065 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Antiseptic, germicide. 

Uses. — The use oi this drug is now confined almost exclu- 
sively to the wet dressing of burns. 

Administration. — Picric Acid is usually prescribed in solution 
alone. 

As a dressing, particularly for burns, it may be ordered as 
follows : 

$ or 

Acidi Picrici gr. xl 2|5 

Alcoholis f§ss 15 JO 

Aquas Dest q. s. fSviij 240|0 

M. 

Sig. — Saturate dressing and apply as directed. 

It stains tissues a deep yellow which gradually wears off in a 
few days. Toxic symptoms have developed from the use of too 
strong a solution. 

ACIDUM SALICYLICUM. 

Latin, Acidum Salicylicum (Gen., Acidi Salicylici). Eng., Sali- 
cylic Acid. Formula, HC7H5O3. 

Form. — Fine, white needles or crystalline powder. 



30 ACIDUM SALICYLICUM. 

Odor and Taste. — Almost odorless and having a sweetish, after- 
ward acrid taste. 

Incompatibles. — Spirit of nitrous ether, lead and iron salts, 
iodides, etc. 

Average Dose. — 7y 2 grains (0.500 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Antiseptic, germicide, antirheumatic, 
antipyretic. 

Uses. — Sometimes employed internally in the treatment of 
rheumatism. Locally — used for the removal of corns, etc. ; also to 
remove the superficial layers of the skin and in the treatment of 
various skin diseases, as eczema, dermatitis, pruritus, and prickly 
heat. It is a common constituent of powders for dressing the cord 
stump of the newborn. 

Administration. — Internally. Salicylic Acid is now not often 
prescribed in this way, but effect is obtained by use of salicylates. 
When the acid is given as such it is usually ordered in capsules of 
5 grains each. It is often prescribed with sodium bicarbonate to 
make fresh sodium salicylate. (See p. 33.) 

Externally — Salicylic Acid is used in solution, powder and 
ointment : 

In the treatment of corns : 

ft or 

Acidi Salicylici gr. xx 1 13 

Ext. Cannabis Ind gr. xx 1 13 

Olei Ricini f3ss 2|0 

Collodii Flex q. s. f3iv 15|0 

M. 

Sig. — Apply as directed. 

In the treatment of diabetic vulvitis : 

R 1 or 

Acidi Salicylici gr. x 165 

Petrolati q. s. Sj 30(00 

M. tere bene. 
Sig. — Use locally. 

As a dressing for the stump of the cord in obstetrical work : 

R or 

Acidi Salicylici gr. xv 1 

Amyli q. s. 3iv 15 

M. et tere bene. 

Sig. — For dressing umbilicus. 



iAshton: Practice of Gynecology. 



ACIDUM SALICYLICUM. 31 

This is usually applied freely when cord is first dressed and is 
not removed until the stump of the cord separates. 
In the treatment of psoriasis : 

Ri or 

Chrysarobini '3j 4|0 

Acidi Salicylici gr. xx 1 13 

yEtheris f3j 4|0 

Olei Ricini TTtx |6 

Collodii q. s. f'5ss 15 10 

M. 

Sig. — Paint on affected parts. 

As a dusting powder, as in the treatment of prickly heat : 

Acidi Salicylici gr. xv 

Acidi Borici 3j 

Zinci Oxidi 3ij 

Amyli q. s. Si j 

M. 

Sig. — Apply as directed. 

This is best applied by putting in a cloth bag and patting the 
affected parts with it, particularly after bathing. 

As a dusting powder in the treatment of hyperidrosis : 

$2 or 

Acidi Salicyl. Pulv gr. xx 1 13 

Acidi Borici Pulv., 3v 19|0 

Zinci Oxidi Pulv Siij 12|0 

M. 

Sig. — Apply as directed. 

In an ointment, as in the treatment of dermatitis from drugs, 
poison ivy, etc. : 

$ or 

Acidi Salicylici gr. x |6 

Ung. Zinci Oxidi 3ij 8|0 

Amyli 3j 4|0 

Adipis Lanae Hyd 3ij 8|0 

Petrolati -. q. s. Sj 30|0 

M. 

Sig. — Apply freely as directed. 

1 Stelwagon: Diseases of the Skin. 

2 Ibid. 



32 ACIDUM SALICYLICUM. 

Official Salicylates. 

Incompatibles of Salicylates. — Hydrobromic acid, mineral acids, ferric 
salts, lead acetate, lime-water, quinine salts (in solution), spirit of nitrous 
ether, silver nitrate (in solution), sodium phosphate (in powder). 

AMMONII SALICYLAS (Gen., Ammonii Salicylatis). Eng., Am- 
monium Salicylate. Formula, XH4C7H5O3. 

Form — Colorless prisms ; plates or powder. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless and having a slight saline, bitter taste, with a 
sweetish after-taste. 

Solubility. — In 0.9 part of water or 2.3 parts of alcohol. 

Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). 

LITHII SALICYLAS (Gen., Lithii Salicylatis). Eng., Lithium 
Salicylate. Formula, LiCvHsOs. 

Form. — A white or grayish-white powder. 
Odor and Taste. — Odorless and having a sweetish taste. 
Solubility. — Very soluble in water or alcohol. 
Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 

SODII SALICYLAS (Gen., Sodii Salicylatis). Eng., Sodium Salicy- 
late. Formula, NaCyHsOs. 

Form. — A white powder or having not more than a faint pink tinge. 
Odor and Taste. — Odorless and having a sweetish saline taste. 
Solubility. — In 0.8 part of water or 5.5 parts of alcohol. 
Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 

STRONTII SALICYLAS (Gen., Strontii Salicylatis). Eng., Stron- 
tium Salicylate. Formula, S^CtHsOs^ + 2 H2O. 
Form. — A white powder. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless and having a sweetish saline taste. 
Solubility. — In 18 parts of water or 66 parts of alcohol. 
Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Antipyretic, antirheumatic and anti- 
septic. 

Uses. — Extensively used in the treatment of rheumatism, 
gout, tonsillitis, and kindred conditions, as endocarditis and chorea, 
and for neuralgia. Recommended for iritis and various other eye 
conditions. Sometimes used for goiter. 

Administration. — It will be noted that these salts are prac- 
tically white, odorless powders with a sweetish taste and, with the 
exception of Strontium, they are freely soluble in water. They are 
usually prescribed in solution or capsules, either alone or with other 
agents. The sweetish taste is rather nauseating to some patients. 
Many consider it desirable to instruct the patient to take an equal 
amount of Sodium Bicarbonate with or just preceding each dose of a 
salicylate. Not more than 5 or 6 grains of a salicylate should usu- 



ACIDUM SALICYLICUM. 33 

ally be ordered to each capsule. Sodium Salicylate is by far the 
most commonly used of these salts. 

For administering the drug alone the following method is a 
desirable one : 

3 or 

Sodii Salicylatis 3v 20| 

Elix. Aromatici q. s. fBij 601 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful well diluted every four hours. 

Used in the treatment of rheumatism : 

Bi or 

Sodii Salicylatis 5ss 15| 

Aquae Menthae Pip q. s. fSiv 120 

M. 

Sig. — Two (2) teaspoonfuls well diluted every two hours. 

I* or 

Acidi Salicylici gr. clx 10| 

Sodii Bicarbonatis gr. cxx 81 

Aquae Menthae Pip q. s. f3iv 1201 

M. 

Sig. — Tablespoonful every four hours. 

This gives a slightly alkaline solution containing about 20 grains 
of sodium salicylate to the tablespoonful. It should not be dis- 
pensed till after standing about one hour. More sodium bicarbonate 
can be used if desired. 

The "natural" or "true" salt from the oil of wintergreen may be 
prescribed as follows : 

B or 

Sodii Salicylatis (O.W.) 3v 20 1 

Aquae Menthae Pip q. s. f3ij 60| 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful every four hours. 

Or: 

I* or 

Acidi Salicylici (O.W.) gr. clx 10| 

Sodii Bicarbonatis gr. cxx 8| 

Aquae Menthae Pip q. s. f5iv 120| 

M. 

Sig. — Tablespoonful every four hours. 



1 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 

3 



34 ACIDUM SALICYLICUM. 

In the treatment of rheumatism, tonsillitis, endocarditis, etc. : 

R or 

Sodii Salicylatis, 

Sodii Bicarbonatis aa. gr. clx 10 

Spir. Chloroformi f 3ij 8 

Syrupi f 3iv 15 

Aquae Menth. Pip q. s. f.5iv 120 

M. 

Sig. — Tablespoonful in water every three hours until effect. 

The patient is instructed to discontinue for that day when ring- 
ing in the ears, dizziness, etc. develop. , 
In the treatment of rheumatism, gout, etc. : 

$ or 

Lithii Salicylatis 3iv 15 1 

Sodii Bicarbonatis 3ij 8| 

Vin. Colchici Sem f3iv 15| 

Aquae Chloroformi q. s. fSij 60] 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful ever}- four hours. 

BISMUTHI SALICYLAS.— See Bismuth, p. 89 
PHYSOSTIGMIN^: SALICYLAS.— See Physostigma, p. 262. 
QUININE SALICYLAS.— See Cinchona, p. 125. 

PHENYLIS SALICYLAS (Gen., Phenylis Salicylatis). Eng., Phenyl 
Salicylate. Synonym, Salol. Formula, C13H10O3. 

Form. — A white crystalline powder. 

Odor and Taste. — A faint aromatic odor and a slight but characteristic 
taste. 

Solubility. — In 2333 parts of water or 5 parts of alcohol. Very soluble in 
ether, chloroform or oils. 

Incompatibles. — Liquefies when triturated with camphor, phenol, hydrated 
chloral, thymol. Also general incompatibles of other salicylates. 

Average Dose. — 7]/ 2 grains (0.500 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Antirheumatic, intestinal antiseptic, 
anthelmintic, analgesic, antipyretic. 

Uses. — Extensively employed as an intestinal antiseptic in 
the treatment of diarrhea, dysentery, typhoid fever, etc., and intes- 
tinal parasites. Recommended in the treatment of gonorrhea, cys- 
titis, and other genito-urinary conditions. Sometimes employed 
where salicylates are indicated, as for rheumatism, tonsillitis, etc. 

Administration. — Phenyl Salicylate is often prescribed alone 
in capsules, but this is rather undesirable, as it is so nearly insoluble 
that concretions of the drug are apt to result after the gelatin of the 
capsule has been dissolved. A thoroughly agreeable way of adminis- 



ACIDUM SALICYLICUM. 35 

tering is in powders, as the drug is so nearly odorless and tasteless. 
As it is readily soluble in oils it may be dissolved in olive oil and 
taken that way or the oil made into an emulsion. The drug must 
be given with some caution on account of the Phenol content. 

When given alone Phenyl Salicylate is best given in powders, as : 

R or 

Phenylis Salicylatis 3-i j 8| 

Ft. cht. no. xij. 

Sig. — One every four hours. 

Or it may be ordered in suspension, as : 

Phenyl. Salicl 3ij 

Muc. Acaciae f 3iv 

Syr. Limonis q. s. f Sij 

M. 

Sig.— "Shake." 

Teaspoonful every four hours. 

Used in the treatment of influenza : 

$1 or 

Phenylis Salicylatis, 

Acetphenetidini aa. gr. xlv 3 JO 

Pulv. Ipecac, et Opii gr. viij [5 

M. ft. cap. no. xv. 

Sig. — One ever) r three hours. 

In the treatment of the diarrhea of typhoid fever: 

1*2 or 

Phenylis Salicyl 3ss 2| 

Bismuthi Subsalicyl 3j 41 

M. ft. cht. no. x. 

Sig. — One after each stool. 

Used for the relief of abdominal tympany : 

1*3 or 

Phenylis Salicyl gr. xx 113 

Bismuthi Subnitr gr. l. 310 

M. ft. cap. no. x. 

Sig. — One two hours after each meal. 



i Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 
2 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 
3 Ashton: Practice of Gynecology. 



36 ACIDUM SALICYLICUM. 

In the treatment of dysentery, etc. : 

Ri or 

Phenylis Salicylatis, 
Bismuthi Subnitratis, 

Cretse Preparatse aa. 3j 

M. ft. cht. no. xij. 

Sig. — One every two hours. 

In the treatment of coryza : 

1*2 or 

Phenylis Salicylatis 3j 4| 

Acetphenetidini gr. xxxvj 2| 

M. ft. cht. no. xij. 

Sig. — One every two hours. 

Phenyl Salicylate is frequently ordered as the coating for enteric 
pills, as in the treatment of amebic dysentery when both the ipecac 
and the salt are desired: 

n or 

Ipecacuanhas Pulv gr. ccl 161 

Phenylis Salicylatis q. s. 

M. ft. ent. pil. no. l. 
Sig. — Take as directed. 

Detailed written instructions should be left with the patient. 
About 3 to 4 grains of the salt is usually employed for each pill. 
When 10 or more pills are given at one time it necessitates a fairly 
large dose of the drug, but no ill effects seem to have been noted. 



&•> 



METHYLIS SALICYLAS (Gen., Methylis Salicylatis). En 
Methyl Salicylate. Synonym, Artificial (or Synthetic) Oil of Winter- 
green. An ester produced synthetically. It is the principal constituent of 
Oil of Gaultheria and Oil of Betula. 

Form. — A colorless liquid. 

Odor and Taste. — A characteristic, strongly aromatic wintergreen odor 
and a sweetish, warm and aromatic taste. 

Solubility. — Sparingly soluble in water, freely soluble in alcohol. 

Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). 

Methyl Salicylate is contained in Cataplasma of Kaolin. 

OLEUM GAULTHERIA (Gen., Olei Gaultheriae). Eng., Oil of 
Gaultheria. Synonym, Oil of Wintergreen. 
Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). 



1 Shoemaker: Materia Medica and Therapeutics. 

2 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 



ACIDUM STEARICUM. 37 

Official Preparations. 

Spiritus Gaultheriae (Gen., Spiritus Gaultherise). Eng., Spirit of 
Gaultheria. Contains 5 per cent, of the Oil. 
Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc.). 

OLEUM BETULiE (Gen., Olei Betulae). Eng., Oil of Betula. 
Synonym, Oilof Sweet Birch. 

Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Antipyretic, antirheumatic, antiseptic. 

Uses. — Methyl Salicylate, Oil of Gaultheria and Oil of Betula 
are almost identical in their composition, reactions and uses. They 
are sometimes used internally in place of salicylic acid or the mineral 
salts, but have many disadvantages, as taste, odor, liquid form, etc., 
and possess no marked advantages. 

Externally they are sometimes used in local applications in con- 
junction with the internal administration of other preparations. 

^/ ACIDUM ACETYLSALICYLICUM.— Aspirin (not official). 
Form. — A white crystalline powder, 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless and having a faintly acid taste. 
Solubility. — Slightly soluble in water, soluble in alcohol. 
Average Dose. — iy 2 grains (0.500 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Anodyne, hypnotic, antipyretic, diapho- 
retic, antirheumatic. 

Uses. — Extensively used for the relief of headaches and some 
other classes of pain ; also for rheumatism, gout, tonsillitis, colds, in- 
fluenza, etc. Recommended for exophthalmic goiter. Probably 
disturbs the digestive apparatus less but depresses more than the 
other salicylates. 

Administration. — Its comparative insolubility and its freedom 
from unpleasant odor or taste render its administration more con- 
venient in powders or capsules. The capsules are usually preferred. 

For influenza, colds, etc. : 

n or 

Acidi Acetylsalicylici gr. l. 3 

Quininse Hydrobromidi gr. xv 1 

Pulv. Ipecac, et Opii gr. xv 1 

M. ft. cap. no. xv. 

Sig. — Take 4 tonight and 6 tomorrow. 

ACIDUM STEARICUM. 

Latin, Acidum Stearicum (Gen., Acidi Stearici). Eng., Stearic 
Acid. A hard, white, somewhat glossy solid. 



38 ACIDUM SULPHURICUM. 



ACIDUM SULPHURICUM. 

Latin, Acidum Sulphuricum (Gen., Acidi Sulphurici). Eng., 
Sulphuric Acid. Synonym, Oil of Vitriol. Formula, H0SO4. 

Form. — A heavy, colorless liquid composed of not less than 92.5 
per cent, by weight of absolute Sulphuric Acid and about 7.5 per 
cent, of water. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless, strongly acid taste. 

Solubility. — Miscible in all proportions with water and alcohol — 
with evolution of much heat. 

Incompatihlcs. — Alkaline carbonates and hydroxides; salts of 
barium, calcium, lead and silver ; vegetable astringents, etc. 

Official Preparations. 

Acidum Sulphuricum Aromaticum (Gen., Acidi Sulphurici Aromatici). 
Eng., Aromatic Sulphuric Acid. Synonym, Elixir of Vitriol. Sulphuric 
Acid, 111 Cc. ; Tincture of Ginger, 50 Cc. ; Oil of Cinnamon, 1 Cc. ; Alcohol, 
to 1000 Cc. Contains 20 per cent, by weight of absolute sulphuric acid. 

Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). 

Acidum Sulphuricum Dilutum (Gen., Acidi Sulphurici Diluti). Eng., 
Diluted Sulphuric Acid. Contains 10 per cent, by weight of absolute 
sulphuric acid and 90 per cent, of water. 

Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Escharotic, astringent. 

Uses. — The principal employment is in diarrhea preparations, 
and in quinine solutions for the treatment of malaria or general 
tonic purposes. 

Administration. — Sulphuric Acid is usually employed in the 
form of the diluted or the aromatic acid. They should always be 
well diluted when taken. 

Some methods of prescribing are shown in the following : 

As a part of the treatment of comedo : 

Ri or 

Magnesii Sulphatis ojss 45 1 

Ferri Sulphatis gr. xvj 1| 

Acidi Sulph. Dil 3ij 8| 

Aquae q. s. fSviij 240| 

Sig. — Tablespoonful in water before breakfast. 

1 Ohrnann-Dumesnil: Diseases of the Skin. 



ACIDUM SULPHUROSUM. 



39 



In the treatment of diarrhea 



B 



or 



Magnesii Sulphatis 5iv 15 [0 

Tinct. Opii Deod tit.x1 2|5 

Acidi Sulph. Arom f3iss 6|0 

Aquae Menthse Pip q. s. fBiv 120 

M. 

Sig. — Tablespoonful every four hours till relieved. 

To effect the solution of quinine, as in a preparation for malaria : 

R or 

Quininae Sulph 3iss 6 

Acidi Sulph. Arom f 3ij 8 

Liq. Acidi Arsenosi f3ij 8 

Aquae q. s. f 5iv 120 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water after meals. 



ACIDUM SULPHUROSUM. 



Fno- 



Latin, Acidum Sulphurosum (Gen., Acidi Sulphurosi) 
Sulphurous Acid. Formula, H2SO3. 

Form. — A colorless liquid containing not less than 6 per cent, 
by weight of Sulphur Dioxide and about 94 per cent, of water. 

Odor and Taste. — A pungent, disagreeable odor and acid taste. 

Solubility. — Miscible in all proportions with water or alcohol. 

Incompatible s. — Those of sulphuric acid may apply. 

Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Antiseptic, germicide, disinfectant. 

Uses. — Principally used in the treatment of such conditions 
as tonsillitis, pharyngitis, diphtheria, stomatitis, etc. Has been 
recommended for flatulence, vomiting, etc. 

Administration. — This acid is not often prescribed. It should 
be well diluted when taken. Probably the most frequent employ- 
ment is shown in the treatment of throat disease. 

The following will illustrate : 



Potassii Chloratis 3ss 

Tinct. Ferri Chloridi f 3j 

Acidi Sulphurosi f 3ij 

Glycerini f3iv 

Aquae q. s. fSiv 

M. 

Sig. — Tablespoonful in water every four hours. 



or 



2 

4 

8 

15 

120 



40 ACIDUM TANNICUM. 

ACIDUM TANNICUM. 

Latin, Acidum Tannicum (Gen., Acidi Tannici). Eng., Tannic 
Acid. Synonym, Tannin. Formula, HC 14 H 9 9 . An organic acid 
usually obtained from nutgall. 

Form. — A light-yellowish powder. 

Odor and Taste. — Almost odorless and a strong astringent taste. 

Solubility. — In about 0.34 part water; 0.23 part alcohol; 1 part 
glycerin. 

Incompatibles. — Salts of antimony, copper, iron, lead, mercury 
and silver ; chlorates, permanganates and other oxidizers ; alkaloids, 
spirit of nitrous ether, lime-water, albumin, etc. 

Average Dose. — 7y 2 grains (0.500 Gm.). 

Official Preparation. 



&•> 



Glyceritum Acidi Tannici (Gen., Glyceriti Acidi Tannici). En 
Glycerite of Tannic Acid. A thick, heavy liquid containing 20 per cent, 
of Tannic Acid dissolved in Glycerin. 

Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Astringent and styptic. 

Uses. — Used as a local application in tonsillitis, pharyngitis, 
etc. ; also to arrest bleeding from nasal, gastric or other mucous 
membrane. Frequently employed as such or more commonly as a 
tannate in the treatment of diarrhea or dysentery. Used as such or 
in the form of catechu, tea, etc., as an antidote for poisoning with 
alkaloids, tartar emetic, etc. 

Administration. — Internally. Tannic Acid is seldom pre- 
scribed as such, but agents containing it are employed, as tincture of 
kino, tincture of catechu, etc. Locally it is used in dusting powders, 
ointments, solutions and suppositories. 

Some formulae are illustrated in the following: 

In the treatment of salivation : 

IJi or 

Acidi Borici, 

Acidi Tannici aa. gr. xl 2|5 

Mellis Rosae, fSij 8|0 

Aquae q. s. fSvj 180|0 

M. 

Si or. — Use as a mouth-wash every two hours. 



i White and Martin: Genito-urinary and Venereal Diseases. 



ACIDUM TARTARICUM. 41 

As an application in the treatment of tonsillitis, pharyngitis, etc. : 

I* or 

Tinct Iodi fSij 8| 

Glyc. Acidi Tannici q. s. fSj 30[ 

M. 

Sig. — Apply twice daily. 

It is sometimes prescribed in suppositories, as in the following 
for hemorrhoids : 

$ or 

Ext. Stramonii gr. iij |20 

Acidi Tannici gr. xij |75 

Plumbi Acetatis gr. iij [20 

Ol. Theobromatis q. s. 

M. ft. suppos. no. vj. 

Sig. — Use one night and morning. 

In enemas it is sometimes employed, as in the following for 
dysentery : 

B or 

Acidi Tannici gr. xl 2|50 

Ext. Opii Pulv gr. iv |26 

Acidi Borici 5iv 15|00 

M. 

Sig. — Use a heaping teaspoonful in quart of hot water as enema. 

As an antidote in alkaloidal or tartar-emetic poisoning, where 
tannic acid as such cannot be obtained, strong tea, tincture of 
catechu, tincture of kino, etc., may be used. 

ACIDUM TARTARICUM. 

Latin, Acidum Tartaricum (Gen., Acidi Tartarici). Eng., Tar- 
taric Acid. Formula, H^CjH^Oq. An organic acid usually pre- 
pared from Argol — a sediment in wine casks. 

Form. — Usually a white powder. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless with an acid taste. 

Solubility. — In 0.71 part of water and 1.67 parts of alcohol. 

Incompatibles. — Salts of calcium, mercury, lead, etc. 

Average Dose. — 7y 2 grains (0.500 Gm.). 

Official Preparations. 

Tartaric Acid enters into a large per cent, of the effervescing 
preparations. 



42 ACIDUM TRICHLORACETIC™. ACONITUM. 

Therapeutic Action. — Refrigerant, astringent, antiseptic. 

Uses. — Used in pharmaceutical manufacturing, but not often 
a prescription ingredient. 

Administration. — For effect potassium bitartrate or potassium 
and sodium tartrate are used. 

ACIDUM TRICHLORACETICUM. 

Latin, Acidum Trichloraceticum (Gen., Acidi Trichloracetici). 
Eng., Trichloracetic Acid. 

Form. — White, soluble, deliquescent crystals. 

Therapeutic Action. — Caustic, germicide. 

Uses. — It is used as a caustic in the treatment of ulcers, new 
growths, etc. Seldom prescribed. 

ACONITINA. 

See Aconitum. 

ACONITUM. 

Latin, Aconitum (Gen., Aconiti). Eng., Aconite. Synonyms, 
Monkshood, Wolf bane. The dried tuberous root of Aconitum 
napelhis. 

Principal Constituents. — Aconitine, 0.5 per cent. 

Average Dose. — 1 grain (0.05 Gm.). 

Official Preparations. 

Fluidextractum Aconiti (Gen., Fluidextracti Aconiti). Eng., Fluidex- 
tract of Aconite. 

Average Dose. — 1 minim (0.05 c.c.). 

Tinctura Aconiti (Gen., Tincturse Aconiti). Eng., Tincture of Aconite. 

Represents 10 per cent, of Aconite, in alcohol 70 per cent, and water 
30 per cent. 

Average Dose. — 10 minims (0.6 c.c). 

Before the eighth revision of the Pharmacopoeia this preparation was 35 
per cent., so allowance must be made for dosage of old books. 

Aconitina (Gen., Aconitinse). Eng., Aconitine. 
Average Dose. — }4oo grain (0.00015 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Depressant, antipyretic, diaphoretic, 
antiseptic, possibly local anodyne. 

Uses. — This drug is not used as much as formerly. It is 
sometimes given in the early stages of fevers of the sthenic type, as 
pneumonia, bronchitis, tonsillitis, etc. Recommended in combina- 



ACONITUM. 



43 



tion with other agents for the reduction of high blood-pressure. 
Locally the tincture is extensively used in combination with tincture 
of iodine as an application in the treatment of tonsillitis, diphtheria, 
scarlatina, toothache, swollen glands, furuncles, infections, etc. 

Administration. — Aconite is usually employed in the form of 
the tincture either alone or with other agents. It is miscible with 
water or alcohol in any proportions. Aconitine is seldom prescribed 
or used. It is sometimes administered hypodermically by the 
physician. 

The manner of prescribing is shown in the following : 
In the treatment of the primary stages of conditions character- 
ized by high temperature, tension, etc. : 

n or 

Potassii Citratis f 3iss 6 

Tinct. Aconiti 3iv 15 

Spir. iEtheris Nit f3iv 15 

Aquae Menth. Pip fjij 60 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water every three hours until relieved. 

Or: 

Ri or 

Tinct. Aconiti TT\,xx 1 

Liq. Ammonii Acet fSij 60 

Liq. Potassii Cit q. s. f Siv 120 

M. 

Sig. — Tablespoonful every two hours. 



In the interval treatment of spasmodic laryngitis : 

IP or 

Tinct. Aconiti rrt viij 5 

Syr. Ipecacuanhas f 3iss 6 

Tinct. Opii Camph f3iij 12 

Liq. Potassii Cit q. s. fSiij 90 

M. 

Sig.— "Shake." 

Teaspoonful every two hours. 

As a local application for toothache, inflamed glands, furuncle, 
etc. : 

3 or 

Tincturae Iodi 

Tincturse Aconiti aa. f Sss 151 

M. 

Sig. — "Poison." 

Apply as directed. 



1 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 

2 Ibid. 



44 ADEPS. 

In the treatment of neuralgia (to be applied with friction along 
the course of the affected nerve) : 

IM or 

Tinct. Aconiti, 

Chlorof ormi aa. f 3iv 15| 

Lin. Saponis q. s. fSiv 120| 

M. 

Sig. — "Poison." 

Apply as directed. 

In the treatment of epididymitis : 

R2 or 

Tincturae Aconiti, 

Tincturae Opii aa. f Sj 30| 

Liq. Plumbi Subacet f Sij 60| 

Aquae q. s. fSvj 180| 

M. 

Sig. — Keep applied on cotton. 



ADEPS. 

Latin, Adeps (Gen., Adipis). Eng., Lard. The prepared in- 
ternal fat of the abdomen of the hog. 

Official Preparation. 

Adeps Benzoinatus (Gen., Adipis Benzoinati). Eng., Benzoinated 
Lard. A soft, white solid containing the soluble constituents of 2 per 
cent, of Benzoin. 

Odor and Taste. — Pleasant odor, bland taste. 

Incompatibles. — Aqueous and alcoholic liquids. 

Therapeutic Action. — Emollient. 

Uses. — It is used as a vehicle for ointments. It is not as fre- 
quently employed as petrolatum or ointment of rose-water. 
It is more apt to become rancid on the druggist's shelves, or 
if kept for an extended time by the patient. In some localities it is 
so seldom employed as to render it difficult to obtain a usable 
article. 

Administration. — The following illustrates the employment of 
lard in prescribing. 



i Shoemaker: Materia Medica and Therapeutics. 

-' White and Martin: Genito-urinary and Venereal Diseases. 



ADEPS LAX.E. 



45 



In the treatment of scabies : 

$1 

Sulphuris Loti, 

Olei Cadini, 

Cretse Praep aa. 3i j 

Saponis Mollis 5v 

Adipis q. s. Si j 

M. 

Sig. — Rub in thoroughly. 



or 



8 
19 
60 



Used in the treatment of grain-itch : 

B 2 or 

Betanaphtholis gr. xxx 

Sulphuris Praecip gr. xl 

Adipis Benzoinati q. s. Sj 

M. 

Sig. — Apply as directed. 



: 

2 5 
30!0 



ADEPS LANJE. 

Latin. Adeps Lanae (Gen.. Adipis Lanae). Eng., Wool-fat. The 



purified fat of the wool of sheep, 
form of the 



Used almost exclusively in the 



Official Preparation. 

Adeps Lanae Hydrosus (Gen., Adipis Lanae Hydrosi). Eng., Hydrous 
Wool-fat. Synonym, Lanolin. 

Form. — A nearly white, ointment-like mass. 
Odor and Taste. — Very slight odor or taste. 
Solubility. — Insoluble in water or alcohol. 

Therapeutic Action. — Emollient. 

Uses. — This is an excellent vehicle for ointments where ab- 
sorption is desirable. It is used as a vehicle itself, but more fre- 
quently combined with other agents. 

Administration. — The hydrous preparation is used almost ex- 
clusively. It is particularly employed as an ointment base where 
absorption of the active constituents through the skin is desired. 
Owing to its rather sticky character it is seldom employed alone. 
The following illustrates its use : 



1 Ohmann-Dumesnil: Diseases of the Skin. 
- Musser and Kellv: Practical Treatment. 



46 .ETHER. 

In the treatment of tinea barbae : 

Ri or 

Chrysarobini Sj 4 

Adipis Lanae Hyd Sss 15 

Ung. Aquae Rosae q. s. Bj 30 

M. 

Sig. — Apply thoroughly once a day. 

In the treatment of eczema of the scrotum: 

1*2 or 

Camphorae, 

Chlorali Hydrati aa. gr. xx \\3 

Adipis Lanae Hyd Sss 15 JO 

Ung. Aquae Rosae q. s. 5j 30|0 

M. 

Sig. — Apply liberally several times daily. 

In the treatment of acute bronchitis : 

B3 or 

Guaiacolis 3ss 2 

Olei Gaultheriae f 3j 4 

Adipis Lanae Hyd q. s. §j 30 

M. 

Sig. — Apply to chest as directed. 

In the treatment of dermatitis : 

n* or 

Phenolis gr. xij |8 

Bismuthi Subnit 3iss 6|0 

Adipis Lanae Hyd 3ij 810 

Ung. Zinci Oxidi q. s. Sj 3010 

M. 

Sig. — Apply locally. 

AETHER. 

Latin, ^ther (Gen., ^Etheris). Eng., Ether. Synonym, Sul- 
phuric Ether. Formula (C 2 H 5 ) 2 0. 

Form. — A colorless liquid. 

Odor and Taste. — Characteristic odor and a burning and sweet- 
ish taste. 



1 Ohmann-Dumesnil: Diseases of the Skin. 

2 Ibid. 

3 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 
4 Ashton: Practice of Gynecology. 



yETHER. 47 

Solubility. — In about 10 volumes of water. Miscible in all pro- 
portions with alcohol. 

Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). 



Official Preparations. 

Spiritus iEtheris Compositus (Gen., Spiritus iEtheris Compositi). 
Eng., Compound Spirit of Ether. Synonym, Hoffman's Anodyne. 

Ether, 325 Cc. ; Ethereal Oil, 25 Cc. ; Alcohol, 650 Cc. 

Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). 

Oleum ^Ethereum and Spirtus JEtheris are also official. The collodions 
contain ether. 

Therapeutic Action. — Anesthetic ; also variously classed as a 
stimulant, sedative, anodyne, antispasmodic, carminative, dia- 
phoretic, anthelmintic. 

Uses. — Extensively employed by inhalation for general anaes- 
thesia. By needle it is recommended in shock, poisoning - by certain 
narcotics, etc. By mouth the compound spirit is used in the treat- 
ment of acute indigestion, flatulence, hysteria and abdominal cramps 
of intestinal origin. Locally it is used for cleaning the skin and 
sometimes as a spray for local anaesthesia. 

Administration. — Ether is seldom prescribed as such. The 
Compound Spirit of Ether is the preparation of common choice and 
is either prescribed alone or with other agents. 

In the treatment of acute indigestion, particularly in hysterical 
patients : 

R or 

Spir. ^Etheris Co., 

Tinct. Valerianae Am aa. f Ess 151 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water ever}- two hours if necessary. 

Used in the treatment of acute indigestion : 

$i or 

Tinct. Opii Camph. f 3iij 12 

Spir. Ammoniae Arom., 

Spir. yEtheris Comp aa. fSss 15 

Tinct. Lavandulae Comp q. s. f §ij 60 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful well diluted ever}- fifteen minutes until relieved. 



i Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 



48 SPIRITUS -ETHERIS XITROSI. 

In the treatment of flatulence, hysteria, etc. : 

Ri or 

Sodii Bicarbonatis gr. xl 3 

Spir. Ammonias Arom., 

Tinct. Zingiberis aa. f3ss 15 

Spir. JEtheris Comp q. s. fSij 60 

M. 

Sig. — "Shake." 

Two (2) teaspoonfuls in water. Repeat when necessary. 

In the treatment of psoriasis : 

$2 or 

Chrysarobini 3j 4|0 

Acidi Salicylici gr. xx 1 13 

.Etheris f 3j 4|0 

Olei Ricini it^x |6 

Collodii q. s. f3ss 15 JO 

M. 

Sig. — Paint on affected parts. 

iETHER ACETICUS. 

Latin, yEther Aceticus (Gen., JEtheris Acetici). Eng., Acetic 
Ether. A colorless liquid containing about 90 per cent, by weight 
of Ethyl Acetate. 

SPIRITUS jETHERIS NITROSI. 

Latin, Spiritus ^Etheris Xitrosi (Gen., Spiritus ^Etheris Xitrosi). 
Eng., Spirit of Xitrous Ether. Synonym, Sweet Spirit of Xiter. 

.For;/?.— A clear, yellowish liquid. 

Odor and Taste. — Fragrant ethereal odor and burning taste. 

Solubility. — Miscible with water and alcohol in all proportions. 

Incompatibles. — Acacia, acetanilide, acetphenetidin. antipyrine, 
carbonates, iodides, tannic acid, ferrous sulphate, fluidextract of 
buchu, tincture of guaiac, etc. 

Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). 

Official Preparation. 
Spirit of Xitrous Ether is contained in Mistura Glycyrrhizae Composita. 

Therapeutic Action. — Recommended as a diuretic, diaphoretic, 
antipyretic. 



1 Shoemaker: Materia Medica and Therapeutics. 
2 Stelwagon: Diseases of the Skin. 



SPIRITUS .ETHERIS XITROSI. 49 

Uses. — Used in the treatment of retention of urine, renal colic, 
gonorrhea, etc. ; also in the early stages of bronchitis, colds, etc., 
particularly in children. 

Administration. — Spirit of Nitrous Ether is prescribed alone 
or with other agents. 

Prescribed alone, as in acute retention of urine, renal colic, etc. : 

3 or 

Spir. Athens Nit fSj 30 1 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in hot lemonade every two hours until relieved. 

In a diuretic combination, as in the treatment of renal colic, cys- 
titis, gonorrhea, retention of urine, etc. : 

B or 

Potassii Citratis Svj 231 

Tinct. Belladon. Fol f3ij 8| 

Spir. JEtheris Nit f Siss 45 1 

Aquae q. s. fSiij 90 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in glass of water every four hours. 

Used as an antipyretic in the acute diseases of childhood : 

I*i or 

Tinct. Aconiti TT\,xvj II 

Spir. yEtheris Nit f-Siij 12| 

Liq. Potassii Cit q. s. f £ij 60 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful every two hours. 

In the treatment of ascites : 
B2 or 

Potassii Acetatis oj 30 

Spir. JEtheris Nit f§ss 15 1 

Inf. Digitalis q. s. fSiv 120 

M. 

Sig. — Two (2) teaspoonfuls every six hours. 

In the treatment of bronchitis, cough, etc. (for child 4 years 
old): 

U or 

Potassii Citratis gr. lxxx 5 1 

Spir. .Etheris Nit f3ij 8| 

Syr. Ipecacuanhas f3ss 2| 

Syr. Limonis f3iv 15 [ 

Aquae q. s. f §ij 60| 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water every two hours. 

1 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 

2 IMd. 

4 



50 .LTHYLIS CARBAMAS. ALCOHOL. 



^ETHYLIS CARBAMAS. 

Latin, ^Ethylis Carbamas (Gen., ^Ethylis Carbamatis). Eng., 
Ethyl Carbamate. 

Form. — Colorless crystals or scales. 

Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Hypnotic. 

Uses. — It is used to induce sleep when the insomnia is not 
the result of pain or discomfort. Seldom prescribed. 

iETHYLIS CHLORIDUM. 

Latin, JEthylis Chloridum (Gen., JEthylis Chloridi). Eng., 
Ethyl Chloride. A colorless liquid. 
Therapeutic Action. — Anaesthetic. 
Uses. — Employed to produce local and general anaesthesia. 

ALCOHOL. 

Latin, Alcohol (Gen., Alcoholis). Eng., Alcohol. Synonyms, 
Spiritus Rectificatus, Spiritus Yini Rectificatus, Rectified Spirit, etc. 
Formula, C 2 H 5 OH. 

Form. — A colorless liquid containing about 94.9 per cent, by 
volume (92.3 per cent, by weight) of absolute Ethyl AIcoJiol and 
5.1 per cent, by volume of water. 

Odor and Taste. — Slight odor and burning taste. 

Solubility. — Miscible in all proportions with water, chloroform, 
ether, glycerin and most oils. 

Incompatiblcs. — Acacia, albumin, bromine, chlorine, chromium 
trioxide, permanganates. 

Official Preparations. 

Alcohol Dilutum (Gen., Alcoholis Diluti). Eng., Diluted Alcohol. 
Synonym, Proof Spirit. Alcohol, 500 Cc; Water, 500 Cc. 

Alcohol Absolutum (Gen., Alcoholis Absoluti). Eng., Absolute 
Alcohol. Contains not more than 1 per cent, by weight of water. 

Spiritus Vini Gallici (Gen., Spiritus Vini Gallici). Eng., Brandy. Con- 
tains from 44 to 55 per cent, by volume of absolute alcohol. 

Spiritus Frumenti (Gen., Spiritus Frumenti). Eng., Whiskey. Con- 
tains from 44 to 55 per cent, by volume of absolute alcohol. 

Vinum Album (Gen., Yini Albi). Eng., White Wine. Contains from 
8.5 to 15 per cent, by volume of absolute alcohol. 

Vinum Rubrum (Gen., Vini Rubri). Eng., Red Wine. Contains 8.5 
to 15 per cent, by volume of absolute alcohol. 



ALCOHOL. 51 

Alcohol is a constituent of the majority of official liquids, as fluidextracts, 
spirits, tinctures, wines, etc. 

Therapeutic Action. — Antiseptic, germicide, diaphoretic, pos- 
sibly stimulant, hypnotic and nutrient. 

Uses. — Used in medicine as a preservative and solvent. Ex- 
tensively employed for cleaning the skin for operations and for 
cleansing instruments. Used in antiseptic solutions for dress- 
ing wounds, infections, etc., and for suppurative otitis media. 
Recommended as a dressing to abort furuncles, felons, etc. 
Alcohol as such, or various dilutions, are used for giving sponge 
baths to reduce temperature in febrile conditions and to prevent 
bed-sores in protracted illness. It is sometimes used in concen- 
tration to harden the skin, as to prevent chafing from trusses or 
other mechanical devices, and to relieve local areas of excessive 
perspiration. Internally alcoholic liquids are frequently em- 
ployed for pneumonia, bronchitis, etc., and brandy, particularly, 
is quite frequently used in the treatment of dysentery, diarrhea, 
typhoid fever, and other related troubles. 

Administration. — Alcohol as a solvent is not often prescribed 
as such by the physician, but alcoholic tinctures, spirits, etc., are 
employed. 

For its effect, alcohol is often a factor in selecting a vehicle. 

Some prescriptions illustrating the uses of alcohol follow : 

To abort furuncle : 

$ or 

Hydrarg. Chlor. Corros gr. j [06 

Alcoholis q. s. fgj 30(00 

M. 

Sig. — "Poison."' 

Saturate pad and keep applied to boil. 

In the treatment of alopecia : 

$i cr 

Resorcinolis gr. Ixxx 5'0 

Quininse gr. xv 110 

Olei Ricini Tn_ xx 113 

Alcoholis q. s. fsiv 120J0 

M. 

Sig. — Apply as directed. 



iStelwagon: Diseases of the Skin. 



52 



ALOE. 



For "liver spots," freckles, etc. : 

U or 

Acidi Salicylici gr. xx 13 

Alcoholis q. s. fSj 30 

M. 

Sig. — Apply to spots three (3) times a day. 

When used only as a stimulant, brandy or whiskey are usually 
employed. For example : 

For the exhaustion attendant upon intestinal trouble, etc. (in 
a child 1 year old) : 

R or 

Spir. Vini Gallici Opt f3yj 231 

Aquae q. s. fSiij 90 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water every four (4) hours. 

In the treatment of bronchitis : 



Tinct. Opii Camph., 

Spir. Vini Gallici, 

Glycerini aa. f 5j 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful every three hours. 



or 



30 



ALOE. 

Latin, Aloe (Gen., Aloes). Eng., Aloes. Synonym, Gum Aloes. 
The inspissated juice of various species of Aloe. 
Form. — Brownish masses. 

Odor and Taste. — Disagreeable odor and bitter, nauseous taste. 
Active Constituents. — Aloin (5 to 30 per cent.), etc. 
Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). 

Official Preparations. 

Extractum Aloes. Eng., Extract of Aloes. 
Average Dose. — 2 grains (0.125 Gm.). 

Pilulae Aloes. — Pills of Aloes. 
Average Dose. — 2 pills. 

Pilulae Aloes et Ferri. — Pills of Aloes and Iron. 
Average Dose. — 2 pills. 

Pilulae Aloes et Mastiches. — Pills of Aloes and Mastic. 
Average Dose. — 2 pills. 



i Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 



ALOE. 53 

Pilulae Aloes et Myrrhae. — Pills of Aloes and Myrrh. 
Average Dose. — 2 pills. 

Tincturae Aloes. — Tincture of Aloes. 
Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). 

Tincturae Aloes et Myrrhae. — Tincture of Aloes and Myrrh. 
Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). 

Aloe Purificata. Eng., Purified Aloes. Aloes treated by melting, 
straining, etc. 

Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). 

Aloinum (Gen., Aloini). Eng., Aloin. A neutral principle obtained 
from Aloes. 

Form. — A yellowish powder. 

Odor and Taste. — Disagreeable odor and intensely bitter taste. 
Solubility. — In 65 parts of water and 10.75 parts of alcohol. 
Average Dose. — 1 grain (0.065 Gm.). 

Official Preparations of Aloin. 

Pilulae Laxativae Compositae. Eng., Compound Laxative Pills. Syn- 
onym, Pills Aloin, Strychnine, Belladonna and Ipecac; Pills A., S., B. 
and I. 

Each pill contains about: Aloin, 0.0130 (gr. %) ; Strychnine, 0.0005 
(gr. ViB 5 ); Ex. Belladon. Leaves, 0.0080 (gr. %); Ipecac, 0.0040 (gr. % 6 ). 

Average Dose. — 2 pills. 

Therapeutic Action. — Purgative, emmenagogue. 

Uses. — For constipation, particularly of the chronic type, and 
for amenorrhea. 

Administration. — Of the preparations of and from Aloes, 
Aloin is the one most often used. It is usually prescribed as the 
Compound Laxative Pills or in some other combination of pur- 
gatives. Its employment is based to some extent on the belief 
that Aloes acts particularly on the lower part of the intestinal 
tract. 

As a laxative in tuberculosis : 

$i or 

Mas. Hydrargyri, 

Aloes Pulv., 

Ipecacuanha? Pulv., 

Capsici Pulv aa. gr. xij 

M. ft. cap. no. xxiv. 
Sig. — One at night. 



1 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 



54 ALTH^A. ALUMEN. 

In the treatment of chlorosis associated with constipation: 

$i or 

Aloes Purificatse gr. xl 3 

Mas. Ferri Carb 3ij 8 

Pulv. Aromatici q. s. 

M. ft. cap. no. xl. 

Sig. — Two (2) at bedtime. 

In the treatment of amenorrhea (to be used six days before 
expected period) : 

R2 or 

Aloini gr. ij 13 

Mas. Ferri Carb gr. xxx 2 00 

Apiol f3j 4 00 

M. ft. cap. no. xij. 

Sig. — One morning and evening. 

ALTHJEA. 

Latin, Althaea. Eng., Althaea. The dried root of Althcea 
officinalis. 

Therapeutic Action. — Emollient, demulcent. 

Uses. — It is used in the manufacture of some pharmaceutical 
preparations, etc., but is seldom prescribed. 

ALUMEN. 

Latin, Alumen (Gen., Alumenis). Eng., Alum. Synonym, 
Potassium Alum. Formula A1K(S0 4 )2. 

Form. — Large colorless crystals or crystalline fragments. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless, and having a sweetish and strongly 
astringent taste. 

Solubility. — Soluble in 9 parts of water, insoluble in alcohol, 
soluble in glycerin. 

Incompatibles. — Alkalies; salts of lead, mercury, and iron; bo- 
rates, carbonates, phosphates, tartrates, tannic acid, etc. 

Average Dose. — 7y 2 grains (0.500 Gm.). 

Official Preparation. 

Alumen Exsiccatum (Gen., Alumenis Exsiccati). Eng., Exsiccated 
Alum. Synonyms, Dried Alum, Burnt Alum. One hundred parts of 



1 Shoemaker: Materia Medica and Therapeutics. 

2 Ibid. 



ALUMIXI. AMMONIUM. 55 

Alum are deprived of water of crystallization by heat till reduced to 55 
parts by weight. 

Form. — A white granular powder. 

Odor and Taste. — See Alum. 

Solubility. — In 17 parts water. Insoluble in alcohol. 

Incompatibles. — See Alum. 

Therapeutic Action. — Astringent, styptic, emetic. 

Uses. — Alum or exsiccated alum is used locally to arrest 
bleeding. In solution it is employed locally in the treatment of 
hyperidrosis, to harden the skin, as in tender feet, and as a 
vaginal douche in vaginitis, cystocele, etc. It is still sometimes 
employed as an emetic, but more desirable agents are usually 
available. Recommended in the treatment of lead colic. 

Administration. — Seldom prescribed for internal use. 

For External Use. — Powdered Alum and the Exsiccated Alum 
are sometimes prescribed, either alone or with other agents, as 
astringent powders, lotions, douches, etc. 

In the treatment of herpes, bromidrosis, etc. : 

I*i or 

Alumenis Pulv 3j 4 

Phenylis Salicyl 3ss 2 

Bismuthi Subnitr 3j 4 

Ung. Zinci Oxidi q. s. 5j 30 

M. 

Sig— Apply. 

ALUMINI HYDROXIDUM. 

Latin, Alumini Hydroxidum. Eng., Aluminum Hydroxide. A 
white powder. 

ALUMINI SULPHAS. 

Latin, Alumini Sulphas. Eng., Aluminum Sulphate. A white 
crystalline powder, plates or fragments. 



AMMONIUM. 

Official Salts and Preparations. 

AQUA AMMONIA (Gen., Aquae Ammoniae). Eng., Ammonia 
Water. Synonym, Hartshorn. An aqueous solution containing 10 per 
cent, by weight of gaseous ammonia. 

Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). 



1 Shoemaker: Materia Mediea and Therapeutics. 



56 



AMMONIUM. 



AQUA AMMONIA FORTIOR. Eng., Stronger Ammonia Water. 
An aqueous solution containing 28 per cent, by weight of gaseous ammonia. 

SPIRITUS AMMONIA (Gen., Spiritus Ammonias). Spirit of Am- 
monia. An alcoholic solution containing 10 per cent, by weight of 
gaseous ammonia. 

SPIRITUS AMMONIA AROMATICUS. Eng., Aromatic Spirit of 
Ammonia. An almost colorless aromatic liquid becoming slightly darker 
on standing. 

Ammonium Carbonate, 34 Gm. ; Ammonia Water, 90 Cc. ; Oil of Lemon, 
10 Cc. ; Oil of Lavender Flowers, 1 Cc. ; Oil of Nutmeg, 1 Cc. ; Alcohol, 
700 Cc; Water, to make 1000 Cc. 

Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). 

Aromatic Spirit of Ammonia is used in making Tinctura Guaiaci Am- 
moniata and Tincture Valerianae Ammoniata. 

Therapeutic Action. — Stimulant, carminative, irritant. 

Uses. — As a stimulant in syncope, asphyxia, collapse and 
poisoning from narcotic or depressant agents. Frequently em- 
ployed for acute indigestion, hysteria, etc. 

Administration. — When used alone it may be prescribed as : 

n or 

Spir. Amnion. Arom fBj 301 

Sig. — Half (14) teaspoon ful in water every hour when necessary. 

Or: 

n or 

Spir. Amnion. Arom., 

Tinct. Aurant. Dulc aa. f3ss 15 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water every hour when necessary. 

In the treatment of headache following a debauch : 
Ri or 

Ammonii Bromidi 3iij 12 

Spir. Ammoniae Arom f3iv 15 

Elix. Aromatici q. s. f Sii j 90 

M. 

Sig. — Two (2) teaspoon fuls in water every two hours till relieved. 

In the treatment of acute indigestion: 
n or 

Sodii Bicarbonatis 3j 4 

Spir. Amnion. Arom fBss 15 

Spir. yEtheris Co q. s. f§j 30 

M. 

Sig.— "Shake." 

Teaspoonful in water every two hours till relieved. 



1 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 



AMMONIUM. 57 

In the treatment of acute indigestion : 

#i or 

Tinct. Opii Camp f'3iij 12 

Spir. Ammoniae Arom., 

Spir. ^Etheris Comp aa. f§ss 15 

Tinct. Lavandulae Comp q. s. f Bi j 60 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful well diluted every fifteen minutes until relieved. 

LINIMENTUM AMMONIA. Eng., Ammonia Liniment. 

LIQUOR AMMONII ACETATIS. Eng., Solution of Ammonium 
Acetate. A colorless aqueous solution containing about 7 per cent, of 
Ammonium Acetate. 

Average Dose. — 4 fluidrachms (16 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Diuretic, diaphoretic, refrigerant. 
Uses. — Sometimes used in fevers, nephritis, etc. 
Administration. — Its employment is illustrated in the 
following: 

As an antipyretic in acute febrile conditions : 

1*2 or 

Tinct. Aconiti TT\,xx 1 13 

Liq. Ammonii Acet fSij 60 

Liq. Potassii Cit q. s. fSiv 120 

M. 

Sig. — Tablespoonful even' two hours. 

AMMONII BENZOAS.— See Benzoates, p. 86. 
AMMONII BROMIDUM.— See Bromides, p. 94. 

AMMONII CARBONAS (Gen., Ammonii Carbonatis). Eng., Am- 
monium Carbonate. 

Form. — White, translucent masses or cubes. 

Odor and Taste. — Strong odor of ammonia ; sharp saline taste. 

Solubility. — In 4 parts of water; partly soluble in alcohol. 

Incompatibles. — Acids, acid salts, etc. 

Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Stimulant, expectorant. 
Uses. — Principally employed in the treatment of coughs, 
colds, bronchitis, pneumonia, etc. 

Administration. — It is almost always given in solution, 
usually in some flavored syrup. Its employment is illustrated 
in the following: 



i Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 
2 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 



58 AMMONIUM. 

As an expectorant: 

$ or 

Heroinse Hydrochlor gr. ij 13 

Ammonii Carb 3iss 6 00 

Tinct. Hyoscyami f 3iv 15 00 

Syr. Pruni Virg q. s. f§iv 120 00 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful every two hours till relieved. 

In the treatment of capillary bronchitis of infants : 

Ri or 

Ammonii Carb gr. xx 1 13 

Syr. Tolutani fBss 15 JO 

Liq. Ammonii Acet q. s. fSiij 9010 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful every two hours. 

AMMONII IODIDUM.— See Iodum, p. 200. 

AMMONII SALICYLAS.— See Acidum Salicylicum, p. 32 

AMMONII VALERAS.— See Valeriana, p. 324. 

AMMONII CHLORIDUM (Gen., Ammonii Chloridi). Eng., Am- 
monium Chloride. Synonyms, Ammonium Muriate, Sal. Ammoniac. 
Form. — A white, crystalline powder. 
Odor and Taste. — Odorless; a cooling, saline taste. 
Solubility. — In 2 parts of water, 50 parts alcohol, or 5 parts glycerin. 
Average Dose. — IV2 grains (0.500 Gm.). 

Official Preparation. 

Trochisci Ammonii Chloridi. Eng., Troches of Ammonium Chloride. 
Each troche contains about 2 grains of the salt. 

Therapeutic Action. — Expectorant, diuretic, diaphoretic, 
stimulant. 

Uses. — Principally employed in the treatment of coughs, 
colds, bronchitis, pneumonia, etc. It is used to promote the 
absorption of ecchymoses, also to increase the solubility of cor- 
rosive mercuric chloride. 

Administration. — Ammonium Chloride seems to be the salt 
of choice as an expectorant. Its ready solubility and comparative 
freedom from incompatibility facilitates its use in any reasonable 
combination. The common cough syrups, as "Syr. Pine Co.," 
"Honey and Tar," etc., etc., usually contain about 8 grains to 
the fluidounce. Some expectorant combinations are shown in the 
following : 



1 Shoemaker: Materia Medica and Therapeutics. 



AMMONIUM. 59 

As an expectorant : 

U or 

Apomorphinse Hydrochlor gr. ss 103 

Ammonii Chloridi 3j 4|00 

Limonis Succi fjj 30(00 

Syrupi Limonis q. s. fSiij 90100 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful every two hours till relieved. 

Or: 

$ or 

Heroinse Hydrochlor gr. ij 1 13 

Ammonii Chloridi 3ij 8|00 

Syr. Ipecacuanha? f3ij 8 [00 

Syr. Pruni Virg q. s. f&v 120|00 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful every two hours till relieved. 

In the treatment of bronchitis : 

3 1 or 

Heroinse Hydrochlor gr. % |016 

Ammonii Chloridi, 

Terpini Hydratis aa. '3j 41000 

M. ft. cap. no. xx. 

Sig. — One every three hours. Two at night. 

In the treatment of the laryngobronchial irritation of influenza: 
n 2 or 



Codeinae Sulph gr. iv 

Ammonii Chlor 3v 19 

Syr. Pruni Virg fSij 60 

Spir. Juniperis Comp q. s. f3iv 120 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful every three hours. 



26 
00 
00 
00 



In the treatment of an acute exacerbation of dry chronic bron- 
chitis : 

$3 or 

Ammonii Chloridi 3iv 151 

Tinct. Hyoscyami, 

Syr. Scillse Comp aa fSiv 15 1 

Aquae Chloroformi q. s. fjiij 90 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water every three hours. 



1 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 

2 Anders: Practice of Medicine. 

3 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 



60 AMYGDALA AMARA. AMYGDALA DULCIS. 

To promote the absorption of ecchymosis : 

R or 

Ammonii Chloridi Sj 30 

Aquae q. s. f Hiv 120 

M. 

Sig. — Wet pad of gauze and keep applied. 



AMYGDALA AMARA. 

Latin, Amygdala Amara (Gen., Amygdalae Amarae). Eng., Bit- 
ter Almond. The ripe seed of Prunus amygdalus; var., amara. 

Official Preparations and Constituents. 

Oleum Amygdalae Amarae. Eng., Oil of Bitter Almond. 

Average Dose. — % minim (0.03 Cc). 

Aqua Amygdalae Amarae. Eng., Bitter Almond-water. Contains 0.1 
per cent, of the Oil of Bitter Almond. 

Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc.). 

Spiritus Amygdalae Amarae. Eng., Spirit of Bitter Almond. Contains 
1 per cent, of the Oil of Bitter Almond. 

Average Dose. — 8 minims (0.5 Cc). 

Syrupus Amygdalae. Eng., Syrup of Almond. Contains 0.1 per cent, 
of the Oil of Bitter Almond. 

Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Classed as a sedative, depressant, anti- 
spasmodic, and flavor. 

Uses. — Recommended for cough and some other conditions. 
Administration. — Seldom prescribed. 



AMYGDALA DULCIS. 

Latin, Amygdala Dulcis. Eng., Sweet Almond. The ripe seed 
of Prunus amygdalus; var., dulcis. 

Official Preparations and Constituent. 

Emulsum Amygdalae. Eng., Emulsion of Almond. Represents about 
6 per cent, of the sweet almond. 

Average Dose. — 4 fluidounces (120 Cc). 

Oleum Amygdalae Expressum. Eng., Expressed Oil of Almond. 

Average Dose. — 1 fluidounce (30 Cc). 

The Expressed Oil of Almond is contained in several official 
preparations. 



AMYLIS NITRIS. AMYLUM. 61 

Therapeutic Action. — Demulcent and nutrient. 
Uses. — Principally employed in the preparation of ointments, 
emulsions, etc. 

Administration. — Seldom prescribed as such. 

AMYLIS NITRIS. 

Latin, Amylis Nitris (Gen., Amylis Nitritis). Eng., Amyl Nitrite. 
Formula, C5HHNO2. A liquid containing about 80 per cent, of 
absolute amyl nitrite. 

Average Dose. — 3 minims (0.2 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Vasodilator and antispasmodic. 

Uses. — Conditions characterized by high blood-pressure, and 
requiring prompt remedial action, as angina pectoris. Recom- 
mended for epilepsy, convulsions, seasickness, vomiting of preg- 
nancy, etc. 

Administration. — The three drugs, Amyl Nitrite, Nitro- 
glycerin and Sodium Nitrite are employed for the same effect. 
Amyl Nitrite being the most rapid and transient, Nitroglycerin 
next, and Sodium Nitrite the slowest and most lasting. 

Amyl Nitrite is usually administered by inhalation. The most 
convenient form is the "pearls," which are little glass bulbs each 
containing a few minims. These can be crushed in the handker- 
chief and inhaled when needed. It should be remembered that the 
drug is very volatile and inflammable. 

AMYLUM. 

Latin, Amylum (Gen., Amyli). Eng., Starch. Synonym, Corn 
Starch. 

Form. — A white powder. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless and tasteless. 

Solubility. — Insoluble in water or alcohol. Forms a whitish, 
gelatinous paste when boiled with water. 

Official Preparations. 

Glyceritum Amyli. Eng., Glycerite of Starch. Starch, 10 Gm.; 
Water, 10 Cc; Glycerin, 80 Gm. 

Therapeutic Action. — Protective and diluent. 

Uses. — Employed with other agents in the treatment of 
prickly heat, chafing, dermatitis, etc. Prepared by boiling with 
water it is used in baths for the relief of skin diseases character- 



62 



AXISUM. 



ized by itching, as pruritus, eczema, etc. It is an antidote for 
iodine poisoning. 

Administration. — The only common employment of starch in 
prescription writing is in various powders and ointments. 

In the treatment of prickly heat : 

I^i or 

Acidi Borici, 

Talci Pur., 

Zinci Oxidi, 

Amyli aa. 3ij 

M. 

Sig. — Apply freely. 

In the treatment of smallpox : 

W 2 or 

Hydrarg. Ammon gr. x 165 

Amylii 

Zinci Oxidi aa. 3i j 8 100 

Petrolati q. s. I] 30|00 

M. 

Sig. — Apply as directed. 



ANISUM. 

Latin, Anisum (Gen.. Anisi). Eng., Anise. The ripe fruit of 
Pimpinella anisum. 

Average Dose. — 7 l / 2 grains (0.500 Gm.). 

Official Preparations and Constituent. 

Oleum Anisi. Eng., Oil of Anise. 
Average Dose. — 3 minims (0.2 Cc). 
Aqua Anisi. Eng., Anise Water. 
Average Dose. — 4 fluidrachms (16 Cc). 

Spiritus Anisi. Eng., Spirit of Anise. Contains 10 per cent, of the oil. 

Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). 

Oil of Anise is contained in several other official preparations. 

Therapeutic Action. — Stimulant, stomachic, expectorant and 
flavor. 

Uses. — Employed almost exclusively as a flavoring agent. 
Administration. — Seldom prescribed. 



1 Stelwagon: Diseases of the Skin. 

- Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 



ANTIMONII ET POTASSII TARTRAS. 63 

ANTHEMIS. 

Latin, Anthemis (Gen., Anthemidis). Eng., Anthemis. Syno- 
nyms, Chamomile, Roman Chamomile. The dried flower-heads of 
Anthem is no b His. 

Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gin.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Stomachic, carminative, diuretic. 

Uses. — Anthemis is used by the laity, but is seldom prescribed. 

ANTIMONII et POTASSII TARTRAS. 

Latin, Antimonii et Potassii Tartras (Gen., Antimonii et Potassii 
Tartratis). Eng., Antimony and Potassium Tartrate. Synonym, 
Tartar Emetic. 

Form. — Colorless crystals or white powder. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless and a sweet, afterward disagreeable, 
metallic taste. 

Solubility. — In 15.5 parts water. Insoluble in alcohol. 

Incompatible •s. — Alkalies, lead salts, gallic and tannic acids, etc. 

Average Dose. — Expectorant, % grain (0.0005 Gm.). Emetic, 
y 2 grain (0.030 Gm.). 

Official Preparations. 

Vinum Antimonii. Eng., Wine of Antimony. Contains 0.4 per cent, 
of the salt. 

Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). 

Antimony and Potassium Tartrate are also contained in Compound 
Syrup of Squill (0.2 per cent.) and in a small amount in Compound Mix- 
ture of Glycyrrhiza. 

Therapeutic Action. — Expectorant, emetic, pustulant. 

Uses. — Sometimes used in the treatment of coughs, colds, 
bronchitis, etc. 

Toxicology. — Poisoning with tartar emetic is rather frequent, 
particularly among children, as it is a constituent of many ant- 
poisons. The symptoms are : vomiting, purging, rice-water and 
bloody stools, abdominal and epigastric pain, muscular cramps, 
prostration. Treatment. — The stomach should be washed out 
with a solution of tannic acid and enough of the antidote left 
in the stomach to act on any remaining poison. An infusion of 
green tea is frequently employed, as the caffeine content is also 
desirable. Demulcents, as milk or olive oil, should be given 



64 ANTIPYRINA. 

freely. The patient should be kept warm and stimulants used 
as indicated. 

Administration. — Antimony and Potassium Tartrate as such 
is not a popular prescription ingredient. As an emetic it has 
fallen into disuse with the profession almost altogether. As an 
expectorant the Compound Syrup of Squill is sometimes used. 

ANTIPYRINA. 

Latin, Antipyrina (Gen., Antipyrinse). Eng., Antipyrine. 

Form. — A colorless crystalline powder. 

Odor and Taste. — Almost odorless and tasteless. 

Solubility. — In less than 1 part of water. In 1 part of alcohol. 

Incompatibles. — Acids and drugs containing tannic acid in ap- 
preciable amounts ; alkalies, salts of iron, mercury, lead and arsenic ; 
iodine and iodides ; sodium bicarbonate and salicylate ; alum, ben- 
zoates, phenol, hydrated chloral, cinchona alkaloids, resorcin, spirit 
of nitrous ether, thymol, etc. 

Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Antipyretic, sedative, analgesic. 

Uses. — Employed in the treatment of fevers, headache, neu- 
ralgia, whooping-cough, etc. 

Administration. — Antipyrine is so generally incompatible 
with other drugs that it is better to remember the few desirable 
agents with which it can be prescribed to advantage. This 
would include few others than caffeine, sodium bromide and 
flavored syrups. It is the most soluble of the coal-tar antipyretics. 
It is prescribed alone in powders, capsules or in solution, for 
internal use. 

Antipyrine may be prescribed as : 

B or 

Antipyrinae gr. xl 2|5 

Elix. Aromatici q. s. f Sj 30|0 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoon ful in water every two hours when necessary. 

It is sometimes prescribed for local application, as in the follow- 
ing formula used by the rhinologist on cotton applicators to relieve 
congestion of the nasal mucosa : 

$ or 

Cocainae Hydrochlor gr. v \3 

Antipyrinae gr. xv 1 10 

Aquae Dest q. s. f5j 30|0 

M. 

Sig. — For office use. 



APOCYNUM. AQUA. 65 

A frequent combination of antipyrine is shown in the following 
prescription for the paroxysmal stage of whooping-cough : 
For a child 4 years old : 

R or 

Antipyrinae 3ss 2 

Sodii Bromidi 3j 4 

Elix. Aromatici r q. s. f§ij 60 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water every two hours until relieved. 

Tinctura Belladonnas Foliorum is sometimes added. 

As a hypnotic, analgesic, cough sedative and antispasmodic: 

Ifci or 

Codeinae Sulphatis gr. ss [03 

Antipyrinse gr. xvj 1 [00 

Syrupi Aurantii q. s. fSij 60100 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful every two hours when needed. 
(Child 2 years old). 

APOCYNUM. 

Latin, Apocynum (Gen., Apocyni). Eng., Apocynum. Syno- 
nym, Canadian Hemp. The dried rhyzome of Apocynum canna- 

binum. 

Official Preparation. 

Fluidextractum Apocyni. Eng., Fluidextract of Apocynum. 
Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc.). 

This drug should not be confused with Cannabis Indica, which is 
commonly called Indian Hemp and is a powerful poison. 

Therapeutic Action. — Cardiac stimulant and diuretic. 

Uses. — Its use is now almost confined to the treatment of 
certain forms of dropsy. 

Administration. — Seldom employed. When used the tincture 
or fluid extract is generally prescribed alone. 

APOMORPHINiE HYDROCHLORIDUM. 

See Opium, p. 242. 

AQUA. 

Latin, Aqua (Gen., Aquae). Eng., Water. Formula, H 2 0. 
Potable water in its purest obtainable state. This is the great ve- 
hicle of medicine. The old custom still adhered to by some physi- 



1 Ruhrah: Diseases of Children. 



66 AQUA DESTILLATA. ■ 

cians of prescribing rain-water, river-water, etc., is not recom- 
mended, as the one prescribed may not be obtainable by the par- 
ticular pharmacist handling the order, and if the word water is 
employed the purest potable water will be used. Distilled water 
should only be specified when its use is particularly indicated. 

AQUA— Water— Medicated Water. 

Used in this sense a water is an aqueous solution of a volatile 
substance. They usually contain only a comparatively small per 
cent, of the active drug. Many of them are merely water saturated 
with a volatile oil. They are used more as vehicles and to give odor 
and taste to solutions. There are eighteen official waters. 

Aqua Ammoniae. — See Ammonium. 

Aqua Ammoniae Fortior. — See Ammonium. 

Aqua Amygdalae Amarae. — See Amygdala Amara. 

Aqua Anisi. — See Anisum. 

Aqua Aurantii Florum. — See Aurantium. 

Aqua Aurantii Florum Fortior. — See Aurantium. 

Aqua Camphorae. — See Camphora. 

Aqua Chloroform!. — See Chloroformum. 

Aqua Cinnamomi. — See Cinnamomum. 

Aqua Creosoti. — See Creosotum. 

Aqua Destillata. — See Aqua. 

Aqua Foeniculi. — See Fceniculum. 

Aqua Hamamelidis. — See Hamamelis. 

Aqua Hydrogenii Dioxidi. — See next page. 

Aqua Menthae Piperitae. — See Mentha Piperita. 

Aqua Menthae Viridis. — See Mentha Viridis. 

Aqua Rosae. — See Rosa. 

Aqua Rosae Fortior. — See Rosa. 



AQUA DESTILLATA. 

Latin, Aqua Destillata (Gen., Aquae Destillata?). Eng., Distilled 
water. 

This should be the vehicle used in prescribing solutions of silver 
nitrate, potassium permanganate, corrosive mercuric chloride, boric 
acid, calcium chloride, lead acetate and subacetate, iron sulphate, zinc 
sulphate, tartar emetic, all solutions for hypodermic or intravenous 
use, eye-washes, and it is usually desirable for simple solutions of al- 
kaloidal salts. It is entirely unnecessary to make common use of dis- 
tilled water. Such employment may be well attributed by the 
pharmacist to the ignorance of the prescriber. 



ARGENTUM. 67 

AQUA HYDROGENII DIOXIDI. 

Latin, Aqua Hydrogenii Dioxidi (Gen., Aquae Hydrogenii Di- 
oxidi). Eng., Solution of Hydrogen Dioxide. Synonym, Peroxide 
of Hydrogen. 

An aqueous solution which should contain, when freshly pre- 
pared, about 3 per cent, by weight of absolute Hydrogen Dioxide. 

Form. — A colorless liquid. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless. A slightly acidulous taste and pro- 
ducing a peculiar sensation and soapy froth in the mouth. 

Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Antiseptic and deodorant. 

Uses. — It is seldom used internally. Locally, it is extensively 
employed in the treatment of sores, ulcers, abscesses, tonsillitis, 
diphtheria, scarlatina, stomatitis, etc. 

Administration. — This preparation is prescribed either alone 
or diluted with one or more volumes of distilled water. It is 
seldom prescribed with other medicinal agents. 

The manner of prescribing is shown in the following: 

$ or 

Aquas Hydrogenii Diox fSij 601 

M. 

Sig. — Use 1 part to 3 parts of water as a spray. 

Or: 

fy or 

Aquae Hydrogenii Diox fBj 301 

Aquae Destillatae q. s. f 3iv 120| 

M. 

Sig. — Use as a spray every four hours. 

ARGENTUM— Silver. 

(Nof Official.) 

Official Salts and Preparations. 
ARGENTI CYANIDUM. Eng., Silver Cyanide. 

ARGENTI NITRAS (Gen., Argenti Nitratis). Eng., Silver Nitrate. 
Formula, AgNOg. 

Form. — Colorless crystals becoming dark on exposure to light in the pres- 
ence of organic matter. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless; bitter, caustic, metallic taste. 

Solubility. — In 0.54 part water and in 24 parts alcohol (incompatible). 

Incompatibles. — Acetates, arsenites, bromides, carbonates, chlorides, chro- 
mates, cyanides, hypophosphites, iodides, phosphates, sulphides, sulphates, 



68 ARGEXTUM. 

tartrates, acids (except nitric), alkalies, alkaloids, alcohol, creosote, and 
organic matter generally. 

Average Dose. — % grain (0.010 Gm.). 

Official Preparations. 

Argenti Nitras Fusus. Eng., Moulded Silver Xitrate. Synonyms, 
Caustic, Lunar Caustic. Hard white pencils or cones made by treat- 
ing 100 Gm. of Silver Xitrate with 4 Gm. of Hydrochloric Acid and melt- 
ing and moulding the product. 

Argenti Nitras Mitigatus. Eng., Mitigated Silver X'itrate. Synonym, 
Diluted Lunar Caustic. Hard white pencils or cones composed of 
about one-third Silver X'itrate and two-thirds Potassium Xitrate. 

ARGENTI OXIDUM. Eng., Silver Oxide. 

Average Dose. — 1 grain (0.065 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Silver Xitrate and Caustic are antisep- 
tic, germicide, astringent and caustic. 

Uses. — Silver Nitrate is sometimes used by mouth in such 
conditions as gastric catarrh, gastric ulcer, etc. By rectum for 
ulceration, fissure, amoebic dysentery, etc. It is used as an ap- 
plication for tonsillitis, diphtheria, scarlatina, ulcers, chancroids, 
and kindred conditions. It is used in eye diseases, particularly 
for the prevention and cure of gonorrheal ophthalmia. Frequently 
used for vaginitis, endometritis, etc. 

Administration. — Practically the only preparations of silver 
employed by the physician are the Nitrate and the Fused Nitrate. 
The latter is frequently used by the physician, but seldom 
prescribed. Silver Xitrate is practically always prescribed alone. 

Internally. — The drug if prescribed is probably best administered 
in the form of the pills prepared by the pharmaceutical manufac- 
turing houses. They may be ordered as : 

Pil. Argenti Xitratis (gr. %) no. xx. 

Sig. — One three times a day. 

Locally. — Silver Nitrate is not often prescribed to be used by the 
patient, but is frequently employed by the physician in the form of 
aqueous solution. The strength of the solution varies from 1 : 5 
to 1 : 1000. 

Solutions for the prescribers use may be ordered as : 
R or 

Argenti X T itratis gr. xlv 3| 

Aquas Destillatae q. s. f I] 30| 

M. 

Sig.— "Poison." 

Ten per cent, solution of silver nitrate. 



ARNICA. 69 

Unofficial Salts of Silver. 

ARGYROL. — A proteid salt of silver (silver vitellin) in the form 
of black hygroscopic scales representing about 30 per cent, of metallic 
silver. It is freely soluble in water, forming a dark-colored solution 
that stains material brown to black. 

Therapeutic Action. — Said to be an antiseptic, germicide, etc. 

Uses. — Extensively employed in solution as a non-irritating 
application in the treatment of pharyngitis, tonsillitis, rhinitis, 
conjunctivitis, etc. Used as an injection for gonorrhea and cystitis; 
also as an application for vaginitis, vulvitis, pruritus vulvae and 
kindred conditions. 

Administration. — Usually employed in solution in distilled 
water in from 5 per cent, to 25 per cent, strength. 

In the treatment of gonorrhea : 

B or 

Argyrol 3iij 12| 

Aquae Dest q. s. f Bvj 180| 

M. 

Sig. — Inject after urination. 

A 20 per cent, solution of argyrol as is used in tonsillitis. 
vaginitis, etc., may be ordered as : 

B or 

Argyrol gr. xc 6| 

Aquae Dest q. s. f I) 30| 

M. 

Sig. — Apply as directed. 

PROTARGOL. — A proteid compound of silver representing abcut 8 
per cent, of the metal. 

A yellow powder, slowly but freely soluble in water. 

Therapeutic Action. — Said to be an antiseptic and germicide. 
Uses. — Employed in the treatment of gonorrhea, cystitis, 
tonsillitis, ulcers, etc. 

Administration. — Usuallv employed in aqueous solution. 

ARNICA. 

Latin, Arnica (Gen., Arnicse). Eng., Arnica. Synonym. 
Leopard's bane. The dried flower-heads of Arnica moutana. 
Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 



70 ARSENUM. 

Official Preparation. 

Tinctura Arnicae. Eng., Tincture of Arnica. Represents 20 per cent, 
of the drug. 

Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Arnica has been variously classed as an 
irritant, carminative, tonic, etc. 

Uses. — The use of arnica is largely confined to the application 
of the tincture alone, or with other agents, for bruises, sprains, 
rheumatism, etc. 

Administration. — Seldom prescribed internally. The tincture 
is sometimes employed externally with other agents in the form 
of a liniment. 

ARSENUM— Arsenic. 
(Not Official.) 

Official Salts and Preparations. 

ARSENI TRIOXIDUM (Gen., Arseni Trioxidi). Eng., Arsenic Tri- 
oxide. Synonyms, Arsenous Acid, White Arsenic. 

Form. — Heavy white powder or irregular masses. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless and tasteless. 

Solubility. — In from 30 to 100 parts of water. Sparingly soluble in 
alcohol. 

Incompatibles. — Tannic acid; salts of iron, copper, and magnesium; lime 
water, iodides, etc. In the very dilute solutions in which arsenic is used, 
incompatibility is seldom a factor. 

Average Dose. — ^o grain (0.002 Gm.). 

Liquor Acidi Arsenosi. Eng., Solution of Arsenous Acid. A color- 
less aqueous solution containing 1 per cent, of Arsenic Trioxide. 

Incompatibles. — See Arseni Trioxidum. 

Average Dose. — 3 minims (0.2 Cc). 

Liquor Potassii Arsenitis. Eng., Solution of Potassium Arsenite. 
Synonym, Fowler's Solution. A slightly colored aqueous solution in the 
preparation of which 1 per cent. Arsenic Trioxide is used. 

Incompatibles. — See Arseni Trioxidum. 

Average Dose. — 3 minims (0.2 Cc). 

SODII ARSENAS. Eng., Sodium Arsenate. 

Average Dose. — Ho grain (0.005 Gm.). 

Sodii Arsenas Exsiccatus. Eng., Exsiccated Sodium Arsenate. 

Average Dose. — ^o grain (0.003 Gm.). 

Liquor Sodii Arsenatis. Eng., Solution of Sodium Arsenate. 

Average Dose. — 3 minims (0.2 Cc). 

ARSENI IODIDUM. Eng., Arsenous Iodide. 

Average Dose. — %o grain (0.005 Gm.). 

Liquor Arseni et Hydrargyri Iodidi. Eng., Solution of Arsenous and 
Mercuric Iodides. Synonym, Donovan's Solution. A clear or slightly 



ARSENUM. 71 

yellowish aqueous liquid containing 1 per cent, of Arsenous Iodide and 
1 per cent, of Red Mercuric Iodide. 

Iiicompatibles. — See Arseni Trioxidum and Hydrargyrum. 

Average Dose. — l l / 2 minims (0.1 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Alterative, tonic, escharotic. 

Uses. — Employed in the treatment of malaria, anemia, 
syphilis pellagra, goiter, neurasthenia, hysteria, chorea, and 
various skin diseases, as eczema, herpes, etc. Locally it is used 
in dentistry and in the treatment of cancer. 

Toxicology. — Among the symptoms of acute arsenic poison- 
ing are epigastric and abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, rice- 
water and bloody stools, purging, tenesmus, dryness of throat, 
thirst, frequent micturition, albuminuria, depression, skin lesions 
and edema. The treatment consists principally in washing out 
the stomach with a suspension of freshly precipitated ferric 
hydroxide with magnesium oxide and leaving in the stomach 
enough of the antidote to act upon any remaining arsenic. If 
this official antidote is not available or the ingredients for mak- 
ing it, the tincture of ferric chloride with magnesium oxide or 
"Milk of Magnesia" may be used. Morphine may be cautiously 
used for the intestinal condition and demulcents freely given. 
The patient should be kept warm and stimulants used as indi- 
cated. The patient should be kept under observation several 
days, as symptoms may recur. 

Administration. — Some useful prescriptions illustrating the em- 
ployment of Arsenic are shown in the following: 

The prescription for the rather extensively used Asiatic Pill 
(best given in capsule") is as follows : 

R 1 or 

Arseni Trioxidi er. ij 13 

Piperis Pulv 3ij 800 

Ext. Gentians 3ij 8|00 

M. ft. cap. no. lx. 

Sig. — One after each meal. 

As a tonic in malaria, etc. : 
R or 

Arseni Trioxidi gr. ij 1130 

Strychninse Sulph gr. j 1065 

Quinine Sulph gr. cl 1 J 000 

Massae Ferri Carb gr. cl 10 000 

M. ft. cap. no. l. 

Sig. — One after each meal. 



1 Ohmann-Duruesnil: Diseases of the Skin. 



72 



ARSENUM. 



As a general tonic in debility, anemia, etc., the quinine sulphate is 
reduced to about 50 grains. Ferrum Reductum (about 100 grains) 
may be substituted for the Massa Ferri Carbonatis particularly 
when there is constipation. 

In the treatment of neurasthenia, hysteria, etc. : 

I^i or 

Arseni Trioxidi gr. ss 03 

Asafcetidae Pulv gr. x 65 

Ext. Sumbul, 

Ferri Sulph. Exsic aa. gr. xx 1 30 

M. ft. cap. no. xx. 

Sig. — One after each meal. 

As a postoperative tonic : 

B 2 or 

Hydrarg. Chlor. Corros., 

Arseni Trioxidi aa.gr. j 065 

Ext. Nucis Vomicae gr. xxv 1 600 

Ferri et Quin. Cit gr. cc 13 000 

M. ft. cap. no. c. 

Sig. — One after each meal. 

The extensively used combination of "Four Chlorides" is shown 
in the following: 

ft or 

Hydrarg. Chlor. Corros gr. ij 

Liq. Acidi Arsenosi f 3ij 8 

Tinct. Ferri Chloridi, 
Acidi Hydrochl. Dil., 

Glycerini aa. f Sj 30 

Aquae q. s. f Svj 180 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water after meals. 



13 
00 



00 
00 



In combination as a tonic, particularly in the treatment of 
malaria : 



ft 

Quininae Sulph 3ij 

Liq. Acidi Arsenosi f3ij 

Tinct. Ferri Chloridi f3vj 

Glycerini f §j 

Aquae q. s. f Svj 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water after meals. 



or 



23 1 

30| 

1801 



1 Shoemaker: Materia Medica and Therapeutics. 
-Ashton: Practice of Gynecology. 



ASAFGETIDA. 73 

In the treatment of the chronic vomiting of childhood : 

#1 or 

Liq. Potas. Arsenitis irixij |75 

Sodii Bicarbonatis gr. xxiv l|i'>0 

Aquae Menth. Pip q. s. fgiij 90|00 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoon ful three times a day. 

When it is desired to give arsenic alone or to give for some par- 
ticular effect it may be ordered as follows : 

I£ or 

Liq. Potas. Arsenitis fSj 30| 

Sig. — Begin with three (3) drops as directed. 

Or: 
B or 

Liq. Potas. Arsenitis f3iss 6| 

Elix. Aromatici q. s. f Siv 120J 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful with water after meals. 



ASAFCETIDA. 

Asafcetida (Gen., Asafcetidae). Eng., Asafetida. A gum-resin 
obtained from the root of Ferula fcctida and possibly other species 
of Ferula. 

Form. — A gum-resin appearing in the form of brownish, irreg- 
ular masses. 

Odor and Taste. — Disagreeable odor and taste. 

Solubility. — Active constituents insoluble in water. Soluble in 
alcohol. 

Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). 

Official Preparations. 

Emulsum Asafcetidae. Eng., Emulsion of Asafetida. Contains 4 per 
cent, of Asafetida. 

Average Dose. — 4 fluidrachms (16 Cc). 

Pilulae Asafcetidae. Eng., Pills of Asafetida. Each pill contains about 
3 grains of Asafetida. 
Average Dose. — 2 pills. 

Tinctura Asafcetidae. Eng., Tincture of Asafetida. Represents 20 
per cent, of Asafetida in alcohol. 
Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). 

1 Ruhrah: Diseases of Children. 



74 ASPIDIUM. 

Therapeutic Action. — Carminative, sedative, antispasmodic. 

Uses. — By mouth it is sometimes given for nervousness, hys- 
teria, flatulence, whooping-cough and kindred conditions. By 
enema it is extensively used to relieve the tympanites of typhoid, 
pelvic inflammation, peritonitis, etc. 

Administration. — Owing to the extremely disagreeable odor 
and taste asafetida is not often prescribed for administration by 
mouth. 

The following prescriptions illustrate its employment : 

B 

Pil. Asafoetidae no. s 

Sig. — One after each meal. 

Or: 

3 or 

Asafoetidae Pulv.. 

Sodii Bicarbonatis aa. oss 2j 

M. ft. cap. no. x. 
Sig. — One after each meal. 

In the treatment of neurasthenia, hysteria, etc.: 

Ri or 

Arseni Trioxidi gr. ss |03 

Asafoetidae Pulv gr. x |65 

Ext. Sumbul, 

Ferri Sulph. Exsic aa.gr. x x 1 130 

M. ft. cap. no. xx. 

Sig. — One after each meal. 

As an enema to remove intestinal gas : 

I* 

Tinct. Asafoetidae f3ij 

Sig. — Use teaspoonful to y 2 gallon warm water as directed. 

ASPIDIUM. 

Latin, Aspidium (Gen., Aspidii). Eng., Aspidium. Synonym, 
Male Fern. The dried rhizome of Dryopterus felix-mas or of 
Dryopterus marginalis. 

Average Dose. — 60 Grains (4 Gm.). 

Official Preparations. 
Oleoresina Aspidii. Eng., Oleoresin of Aspidium. 
Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). 

i Shoemaker: Materia Medica and Therapeutics. 



AURANTIT DULCIS CORTEX. 75 

Therapeutic Action. — Tseniafuge and anthelmintic. 

Uses. — It is used almost exclusively for the removal of tape- 
worms. 

Administration. — If used at all it should be employed with 
extreme caution, and castor oil or other fixed oils avoided. 

In the treatment for tapeworm : 

$ or 
Oleoresinse Aspidii, . 

Chlorof ormi aa. f 3j 4 00 

Olei Tiglii n\ iv 25 

Glycerini q. s. f §ij 60 00 

M. 

Sig.— "Shake." 

Take half at 8 a.m., the rest in an hour if needed. 

ATROPINA. 

See Belladonna, p. 80. 

ATROPINA SULPHAS. 

See Belladonna, p. 80. 

AURANTII AMARI CORTEX. 

Latin, Aurantii Amari Cortex (Gen., Aurantii Amari Corticis). 
Eng., Bitter Orange Peel. The dried rind of the unripe fruit of 
Citrus vulgaris. 

Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 

Official Preparations. 

Fluidextractum Aurantii Amari. Eng., Fluidextract of Bitter Orange 
Peel. 

Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). 

Tinctura Aurantii Amari. Eng., Tincture of Bitter Orange Peel. 
Represents 20 per cent, of the drug. 
Average Dose. — 1 nuidrachm (4 Cc). 

Bitter Orange Peel is used in preparing Compound Tincture of Cin- 
chona and Compound Tincture of Gentian. 

AURANTII DULCIS CORTEX. 

Latin, Aurantii Dulcis Cortex (Gen., Aurantii Dulcis Corticis). 
Eng., Sweet Orange Peel. The recently separated outer rind of the 
ripe fruit of Citrus aurantium. 

Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 



76 AURANTII DULCIS CORTEX. 

Official Preparations and Constituent. 

Syrupus Aurantii. Eng., Syrup of Orange. Represents 2.5 per cent, 
of the drug. 

Tinctura Aurantii Dulcis. Eng., Tincture of Sweet Orange Peel. 
Represents 50 per cent, of the drug. 

Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). 

Tincture of Sweet Orange Peel is contained in Wine of Iron and Bitter 
Wine of Iron. 

Oleum Aurantii Corticis. Eng., Oil of Orange Peel. A volatile oil 
obtained from the fresh peel of the sweet orange. 

Average Dose. — 3 minims (0.2 Cc). 

Official Preparations of the Oil. 

Elixir Aromaticum. Eng., Aromatic Elixir. Contains about 1.2 per 
cent, of Compound Spirit of Orange and 25 per cent, alcohol with sugar 
and water. 

Spiritus Aurantii Compositus. Eng., Compound Spirit of Orange. 
Oil of Orange, 200 Cc. ; Oil of Lemon, 50 Cc. ; Oil of Coriander, 20 Cc. ; 
Oil of Anise, 5 Cc. ; Alcohol, to make 1000 Cc. Compound Spirit of 
Orange is contained in Aromatic Fluidextract of Cascara. 

Official Preparations of the Volatile Oil of Fresh Orange Flowers. 

Aqua Aurantii Florum. Eng., Orange Flower Water. Equal parts 
of Stronger Orange Flower Water and Distilled Water. 

Average Dose. — 4 fluidrachms (16 Cc). 

Orange Flower Water is contained in several official preparations. 

Aqua Aurantii Florum Fortior. Eng., Stronger Orange Flower 
Water. Water saturated with the Volatile Oil of fresh Orange Flowers. 

Average Dose. — 2 fluidrachms (8 Cc). 

This preparation is used in making several troches. 

Syrupus Aurantii Florum. Eng., Syrup of Orange Flowers. 
Sugar 850 Gm., Orange Flower Water, to make 1000 Cc 

Therapeutic Action. — Stomachic, tonic. 

Uses. — These preparations of orange are used for flavoring 
purposes and as vehicles. The preparations of Bitter Orange 
Peel are also employed as bitter tonics. 

Aromatic Elixir is one of the most useful vehicles in the 
Pharmacopoeia. 

The smaller drug-stores often will be unable to suply good 
fresh preparations of Syrup of Orange or Syrup of Orange Flow- 
ers, and the Tincture of Sweet Orange Peel and the Compound 
Spirit of Orange are so seldom used in some sections that they 
are not carried in stock. 



AURANTII DULCIS CORTEX. 77 

Administration. — Some common methods of prescribing are 

shown in the following formulae : 

In the treatment of headache following a debauch : 

Ri or 

Ammonii Bromidi 3iij 12 

Spir. Ammonias Arom f3iv 15 

Elix. Aromatici q. s. fSiij 90 

M. 

Sig. — Two (2) teaspoonfuls in water every two hours till relieved. 

As a hypnotic, analgesic, cough sedative and antispasmodic : 

$2 or 

Codeinae Sulphatis gr. ss |03 

Antipyrinse gr. xvj 1 100 

Syrupi Anrantii q. s. fSij 60100 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful every two hours when needed. 

In the treatment of convulsions : 

R 3 or 

Chlorali Hydrati gr. viij 15 

Sodii Bromidi gr. xvj 10 

Syrupi Anrantii q. s. fSij 60 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful. Repeat in one hour if necessary. 

In the treatment of tuberculosis : 

R 4 or 

Creosoti TTLxxiv 115 

Glycerini fSij 60|0 

Tinct. Anrantii Dulc q. s. £5iij 90 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful with water or milk after meals. 

In the treatment of stomatitis : 

R 5 or 

Potassii Chloratis gr. xxiv 1|5 

Syrupi Aurantii f3j 30|0 

Aquae q. s. fBiij 90|0 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful every two hours. 



1 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 
2Ruhrah: Diseases of Children. 

3 ma. 

4 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 

5 Ruhrah: Diseases of Children. 



78 BALSAMUM PERUVIANUM. 

AURI et SODII CHLORIDUM. 

Latin, Auri et Sodii Chloridum. Eng., Gold and Sodium 
Chloride. A mixture of equal parts by weight of the anhydrous 
chlorides of gold and sodium. An orange-yellow powder, odorless, 
having a saline and metallic taste and deliquescent when exposed 
to damp air. Freely soluble in water. 

Average Dose. — y 10 grain (0.005 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Said to be alterative, tonic, nerve seda- 
tive, aphrodisiac. 

Use. — Sometimes used in the treatment of chronic nephritis, 
cirrhosis of the liver, chronic gastritis, impotence, etc. Seldom 
prescribed. 

BALSAMUM PERUVIANUM. 

Latin, Balsamum Peruvianum (Gen., Balsami Peruviani). Eng., 
Balsam of Peru. A balsam obtained from Toluifera pereirce. 

Form. — A thick, dark-brown liquid. 

Odor and Taste. — An agreeable vanilla-like odor and disagree- 
able bitter taste. 

Solubility. — Insoluble in water. Soluble in 5 parts alcohol. 

Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Internally, said to be expectorant, stim- 
ulant, etc. Externally, antiseptic and stimulant to granulating- 
areas. 

Uses. — Extensively employed in the treatment of burns, ab- 
scesses, indolent ulcers and kindred conditions. 

Administration. — Balsam of Peru is extensively used as a 
local application, being prescribed either alone (as for indolent 
ulcers) or. in combinations. 

Used alone in the treatment of indolent ulcers : 

B or 

Bal. Peruviani f I) 30| 

Sig. — Apply twice daily. 

In the treatment of superficial burns : 

B or 

Bal. Peruviani f3iv 151 

Olei Ricini q. s. fSiv 120| 

M. 

Sig. — Apply freely twice a day. 



BALSAMUM TOLUTANUM. 79 

BALSAMUM TOLUTANUM. 

Latin, Balsamum Tolutanum (Gen., Balsami Tolutanti). Eng., 
Balsam of Tolu. A balsam obtained from Toluifera balsamum. 

Form. — A yellowish-brown plastic solid becoming brittle when 
old or dried or exposed to cold. 

Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 

Official Preparations. 

Syrupus Tolutanus. Eng., Syrup of Tolu. Represents about 1 per 
cent, of the drug. 

Average Dose. — 4 fluidrachms (16 Cc.). 

Tinctura Tolutana. Eng., Tincture of Tolu. Represents about 20 per 
cent, of the drug. 

Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). 

Tolu is employed in several other official preparations. 

Therapeutic Action. — Expectorant, stomachic. 

Uses. — Practically confined to the employment of its prepara- 
tions as flavors and vehicles, particularly in cough preparations. 

Administration. — The Syrup is the only form in which the 
drug is often prescribed. 

In the treatment of the cough of measles : 

$i or 

Potassii Citratis «5iv 15| 

Limonis Succi f3j 30 1 

Tinct. Opii Camph f3ij 8| 

Syr. Ipecacuanha? f3ij 8| 

Syr. Tolutani q. s. f3ij 601 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoon ful every two hours. 

In the treatment of spasmodic croup (child 2 years old) : 

$ 2 or 

Ammonii Bromidi 3ss 2| 

Tinct. Opii Camph f3ss 2j 

Tinct. Belladon. Fol TTtxv 1 

Syr. Tolutani fSj . 30 1 

Aquae q. s. f Si j 60 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful every hour till relieved. 



1 Anders: Practice of Medicine. 

2 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 



80 



BELLADONNA. 



In the treatment of capillary bronchitis of infants : 

B 1 or 

Ammonii Carb., gr. xx 1 13 

Syr. Tolutani f.£ss 15 

Liq. Ammonii Acet q. s. fSiij 9010 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful every two hours. 

In the treatment of a cough : 

I&2 or 

Codeinae sulphatis gr. iiss 1 16 

Potassii Citratis 3ij 8|00 

Syr. Tolutani fSj 30|00 

Aquae q. s. ffiij 90|00 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful every two hours. 



BELLADONNA. 

Latin, Belladonna (Gen., Belladonnae). Eng., Belladonna. 
Synonym, Deadly Night-shade. 
The following parts are official : 

Belladonnae Folia. Eng., Belladonna Leaves. The dried leaves of 
Atropa belladonna containing not less than 0.35 per cent, of mydriatic 
alkaloids (principally atropine). 

Average Dose. — 1 grain (0.065 Gm.). 

Belladonna Radix. Eng., Belladonna Root. The dried root of 
Atropa belladonna containing not less than 0.5 per cent, of mydriatic 
alkaloids (principally atropine). 

Average Dose. — 24 grain (0.045 Gm.). 



Official Preparations of the Leaves. 

Emplastrum Belladonnae. Eng., Belladonna Plaster. Contains 30 
per cent, of the Extract of Belladonna Leaves: 

Extractum Belladonnae Foliorum. Eng., Extract of Belladonna 
Leaves. Contains 1.4 per cent, of mydriatic alkaloids. 

Average Dose. — % grain (0.010 Gm.). 

Extract of Belladonna is a constituent of Pilulse Laxative Compositse 
and Pilulae Podophylli, Belladonna? et Capsici. 

Tinctura Belladonnae Foliorum. Eng., Tincture of Belladonna 
Leaves. Represents 10 per cent, of the drug in diluted alcohol. 
Average Dose. — 8 minims (0.5 Cc). 



i Shoemaker: Materia Medica and Therapeutics. 
2 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 



BELLADONNA. 81 

Unguentum Belladonnae. Eng., Belladonna Ointment. Contains 
10 per cent, of the Extract of Belladonna Leaves. 

Official Preparations of the Root. 

Fluidextractum Belladonnae Radicis. Eng., Fluidextract of Bella- 
donna Root. 

Average Dose. — 1 minim (0.05 Cc). 

Linimentum Belladonnae. Eng., Belladonna Liniment. Contains 5 
per cent, of camphor in Fluidextract of Belladonna Root. 

Official Alkaloid and Salt. 

Atropina. Eng., Atropine. 

Average Dose. — %eo grain (0.0004 Gm.). 

Atropine (2 per cent.) is contained in Oleatum Atropinse. 

Atrophias Sulphas. Eng., Sulphate of Atropine. 
Average Dose. — %eo grain (0.0004 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Stimulant, narcotic, anodyne, anti- 
spasmodic, mydriatic, rubefacient. 

Uses. — Used as an antispasmodic and anodyne in connection 
with other agents, as morphine or bromides, in the treatment of 
renal colic, gall-stone colic, cramp colic, dysmenorrhea, etc. 
Employed with other agents for cystitis, constipation, neuralgia, 
asthma, whooping-cough, incontinence of urine, etc. Useful for 
pulmonary edema, night-sweats, salivation, hay fever, and to 
arrest the secretion of milk. Used externally in ointments for 
glandular swellings, infections, etc. Atropine or homatropine 
are employed to dilate the pupil. 

Toxicology. — Belladonna poisoning is usually manifested by 
dilated pupils, dry mouth, dry and flushed skin, excitement, 
delirium, elevated blood-pressure and rapid pulse. Later there 
may follow collapse and coma. There may be a skin eruption 
which is usually scarlatiniform in appearance. Treatment. — In 
the early stages the stomach should be washed out, preferably 
with a solution of potassium permanganate (about 1:3000), and 
sedatives and ice-cap used as indicated. Morphine, with proper 
care, is serviceable. During the stage of coma, stimulants, as 
caffeine, camphor, etc., are indicated. 

Administration. — Internal. The tincture and extract and atro- 
pine sulphate are the preparations most commonly used, the tinc- 
ture being used for solutions and the extract or atropine sulphate 
when it is desired to give in pills, capsules, etc. 



82 



BELLADONNA. 



or 



23 
15 

90 



Hypodermic. — Atropine Sulphate is the form employed, either 
alone or more commonly with morphine. It is used by the physician 
but not prescribed to be used by the patient. 

Locally. — The extract itself or the ointment made from the ex- 
tract are the preparations most commonly used. 

The following prescriptions illustrate : 

In the treatment of cystitis : 

Tinct. Belladon. Fol f3ij 

Potassii Citratis 3vj 

Sodii Bromidi 3iv 

Aquas Menth. Pip q. s. f §iij 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful every four hours. 

In the treatment of whooping-cough : 

Antipyrinae gr. l 

Sodii Bromidi 3ij 

Tinct. Belladon. Fol f3ss 

Aquae Menth. Pip q. s. fSiij 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful every three hours. 
(For child 5 years old). 

In the treatment of gonorrhoea : 

Acidi Borici, 

Sodii Bromidi aa. gr. clx 

Tinct. Belladon. Fol f3j 

Liq. Potas. Citratis q. s. flviij 

M. 

Sig. — Tablespoonful in water four times daily. 



or 



3 
8 
2 

90 



or 



10 

4 

240 



In the treatment of spasmodic croup : 

R 2 

Ammonii Bromidi 3ss 

Tinct. Opii Camph f«5ss 

Tinct. Belladon. Fol ntxv 

Syr. Tolutani f,§j 

Aquae q. s. fBij 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful every hour till relieved. 
(For child 2 years old). 



or 



2 

2 

1 

30 

60 



1 White and Martin: Genito-urinary and Venereal Diseases. 

2 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 



BELLADOXXA. 



83 



As a postoperative laxative : 
I^i or 

Ext. Belladon. Fol gr. j |065 

Ext. Rhamni Pursh gr. xx 1|300 

Ext. Colocynth. Comp gr. xxv 1 600 

M. ft. cap. no. x. 
Sig. — One at bedtime. 

In the treatment of constipation : 
1*2 or 

Ext. Rhamni Pursh gr. xl 2|50 

Ext. Nucis Vomicae gr. v |32 

Ext. Belladon. Fol gr. ij j 13 

Resinae Podophylli gr. ij j 13 

M. ft. cap. no. xx. 
Sig. — One at bedtime. 

In the treatment of coryza : 
$3 or 

Ext. Belladon. Fol gr. ss 03 

Camphorae gr. vj 40 

Quininas Sulph., 

Pulv. Ipecac, et Opii aa. gr. xij 80 

M. ft. cap. no. xij. 

Sig. — One every half-hour for four hours, then one every three hours. 

In the treatment of inflammations, as mastitis, furuncle, inflam- 
matory rheumatism, orchitis, etc. : 

I* or 

Camphorae 3ss 2| 

Ung. Belladon., 

Ichthyolis aa. 3ij 8| 

Petrolati q. s. §j 30 1 

M. 

Sig. — Apply twice daily. 

To relieve pain, particularly in such conditions as cystitis, 
oophoritis, appendicitis, etc. : 

B or 

Ext. Belladon. Fol gr. j 065 

Ext. Opii • gr. iij 200 

Olei Theobromatis q. s. 

M. ft. suppos. no. iv. 
Sig. — One twice dailv. 



1 Ashton : Practice of Gynecology. 

2 Ibid. 

3 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 



84 



BEXZALDEHYDUM. 



BEXZOIXUM. 



In the treatment of salivation: 

$i or 

Atropines Sulphatis gr. ^2 

Sacchari Lactis 3ss 

M. ft. cht. no. x. 

Sig. — One every three hours until pupils dilate. 



|002 
21000 



As a purgative prescription, particularly for such conditions as 
colds, grip, acute alcoholism, etc. : 

& or 

Atropinae Sulph gr. %oo 0006 

Strychninae Sulph gr. ^0 0020 

Hydrarg. Chlor. Mitis gr. v 3200 

Ext. Rhamni Pursh gr. vj 4000 

M. ft. cap. no. iv. 
Sig. — One every hour. 



BENZALDEHYDUM. 

Latin, Benzaldehydum. Eng., Benzaldehyde. 
liquid. 

Average Dose. — ]/ 2 minim (0.03 Cc). 
Used commercially as a flavoring agent. 



A colorless 



BENZINUM. 

Latin, Benzinum. Eng., Petroleum Benzin. Synonym, Ben- 
zin. A colorless liquid. 

Official Preparation. 

Benzinum Purificatum. Eng.. Purified Petroleum Benzin. A color- 
less liquid. 

BENZOINUM. 

Latin, Benzoinum (Gen., Benzoini). Eng., Benzoin. Synonym, 
Gum Benzoin. A balsamic resin obtained from Styrax benzoin 
and other species of Styrax. Active ingredients, Benzoic Acid, 
Volatile Oil, etc. 

Form. — Usually appearing as brownish tears or fragments. 

Odor and Taste. — Pleasant odor and slightly acid taste. 

Solubility. — Active constituents soluble in alcohol. Insoluble 
in water. 

Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 



1 White and Martin: Genito-urinary and Venereal Diseases. 



BENZOINUM. 85 

Official Preparations. 

Adeps Benzoinatus. — See Adeps, p. 44. 

Tinctura Benzoini. Eng., Tincture of Benzoin. Benzoin, 200 Gm. ; 
Alcohol, to make 1000 Cc. 

Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). 

Tinctura Benzoini Composita. Eng., Compound Tincture of Benzoin. 
Synonym, Friar's Balsam. Benzoin, 100 Gm. ; Storax, 80 Gm.; Balsam 
of Tolu, 40 Gm. ; Purified Aloes, 20 Gm. ; Alcohol, to make 1000 Cc. 

Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). 

The tincture and the compound tincture are frequently employed. 

Therapeutic Action. — Stimulant and expectorant. 

Uses. — The tinctures of benzoin are sometimes used by 
mouth as expectorants fof cough, bronchitis, etc. By inhalation 
the compound tincture is frequently used for cough, bronchitis, 
pneumonia, croup, etc. Externally the tinctures are employed 
in cosmetics to add sticking qualities and as protectives. 

The use of Benzoin by inhalation in bronchitis, whooping-cough, 
etc., is shown in the following: 

I* or 

Tinct. Benzoini Co fSij 601 

Sig. — Use teaspoon ful to pitcher of hot water as directed. 

n or 

Creosoti f3i j 8 

Tinct. Benzoini Co q. s f 5ij 60 

M. 

Sig. — Use teaspoon ful to pitcher of hot water as directed. 

Written instructions should be given in detail as to the method 
of employment. Usually for about fifteen minutes every three 
hours. 

The Compound Tincture of Benzoin lends itself well to the 
local application of remedies, as in the following antiparasitics : 

R or 

Hydrarg. Chlor. Corros gr. ss |003 

Tinct. Benzoini Co q. s. f&j 30 000 

M. 

Sig. — Paint the part twice daily. 

B or 

Acidi Salicylici gr. x 16 

Tinct. Benzoini Co q. s. f'5j 30(0 

M. 

Sig. — Paint the part twice daily. 



86 BENZOINUM. 

ACIDUM BENZOICUM (Gen., Acidi Benzoici). Eng., Benzoic Acid. 
Formula, HC7H5O2. An organic acid obtained from benzoin or pre- 
pared artificially. 

Form. — Whitish scales or needles. 

Odor and Taste. — Almost odorless and somewhat pungent taste. 

Solubility. — In 281 parts of water and 1.8 parts of alcohol. 

Average Dose. — 7% grains (0.500 Gm.). 

Benzoic Acid is contained in Liquor Antisepticus and Tinctura Opii 
Camphorata. 

Official Benzoates. 

Incompatiblcs. — Acids, ferric salts, alkali hydroxides, lead acetate, cor- 
rosive mercuric chloride. 

AMMONII BENZOAS. Eng., Ammonium Benzoate. Formula, 
NH4C7H5O2. 

Form. — White crystals or crystalline powder. 

Odor and Taste. — Slight odor; saline, bitter, afterward slightly acid taste. 

Solubility. — In about 10.5 parts of water or 28 parts of alcohol. 

Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 

LITHII BENZOAS. Eng., Lithium Benzoate. Formula, LiC 7 H 5 2 . 
Form. — A white powder or small crystalline scales. 
Odor and Taste. — Slight odor ; a cooling, sweetish taste. 
Solubility. — In 3 parts of water or 13 parts of alcohol. 
Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 

SODII BENZOAS. Eng., Sodium Benzoate. Formula, NaC 7 H 5 02. 

Form. — A white powder. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless ; a sweetish, astringent taste. 

Solubility. — In 1.6 parts of water or 43 parts of alcohol. 

Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Antiseptic, stimulant, expectorant, diu- 
retic, antipyretic. 

Uses. — Principally used in the treatment of genito-urinary 
diseases, as gonorrhea, cystitis, etc., particularly when it is desirable 
to increase the acidity of the urine. 

Administration. — Sodium Benzoate is the preparation most 
frequently used. The Benzoates may be administered in cap- 
sules or in solution in a vehicle, as water, peppermint water, or 
aromatic elixir. 

In cystitis, gonorrhea, etc., with alkaline urine : 
B or 

Lithii Benzoatis 3iv 151 

Potassi Bromidi 3iij 12 

Inf. Buchu q. s. Sij 81 

M. 

Sig. — Two (2) teaspoonfuls in water every four hours. 



BEXZOSULPHIXIDUM. 



BERBERIS. 



87 



For rendering the urine more acid : 
$1 or 

Acidi Benzoici 3ij 8| 

Acidi Borici 3iij 12| 

Aquae Cinnamomi fSxij 360| 

M. 

Sig. — Tablespoonful in water four times daily. 

In the treatment of acne : 
I£2 or 

Sodii Benzoatis 3ij 8 

Tinct. Nucis Vomicae f3ij 8 

Flext. Rhamni Pursh £5.ss 15 

Tinct. Cardamomi Comp q. s. fSiij 90 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water after meals. 



BENZOSULPHINIDUM. 

Latin, Benzosulphinidum (Gen., Benzosulphinidi). Eng., Ben- 
zosulphinide, Saccharin. 

Form. — A white, crystalline powder. 

Odor and Taste. — Nearly odorless, and intensely sweet taste. 

Solubility. — In 250 parts of water or 25 parts of alcohol. 

Average Dose. — 3 grains (0.200 Gm.). 

The product is from 300 to 550 times as sweet as sugar. 

Uses. — Employed as a substitute for sugar. 

Administration. — It is sometimes prescribed in formulae, as 
for the "tasteless" Castor Oil (see p. 240) or to be used by diabetics 
in place of sugar. 

BERBERIS. 

Latin, Berberis (Gen., Berberidis). Eng., Berberis. The 
rhizome and roots of Berberis aquifolium and other species of 
Berberis. 

Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). 

Official Preparation. 

Fluidextractum Berberidis. Eng., Fluidextract of Berberis. 
Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Classed as a cholagogue, alterative, 
antiperiodic and diuretic. 



1 Ashton: Practice of Gynecology. 
- Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 



88 BETANAPHTHOL. 

Uses. — Has been recommended for syphilis, chronic hepatitis, 
malaria, etc. Seldom prescribed. 

BETANAPHTHOL. 

Latin, Betanaphthol (Gen., Betanaphtholis). Eng., Betanaph- 
thol. Synonym, Naphthol. A Phenol occurring in coal-tar, but 
usually prepared from naphthalene. 

Form. — Colorless or pale buff-colored crystals or powder. 

Odor and Taste. — Faint, phenol-like odor and slight pungent 
taste. 

Solubility. — In 950 parts of water and 0.61 part alcohol. 

Incompatibles. — Antipyrine, camphor, exalgine, ferric chloride, 
menthol, phenol, potassium permanganate, urethane. 

Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Antiseptic, irritant. 

Uses. — Sometimes used internally for" diarrhea, intestinal in- 
digestion, flatulent dyspepsia, typhoid fever, etc. Externally, 
it is used for various skin diseases, as scabies, ringworms, sebor- 
rhea and kindred disorders. 

Administration. — Internally. — It is sometimes used as a salt, 
particularly Bismuth Betanaphthol. 

In the treatment of diarrhea of typhoid fever : 

I*i or 

Betanaphtholis , 3j 4| 

Bismuthi Subgal Sij 8| 

M. ft. cap. no. xxiv. 

Sig. — One every three hours. 

Externally it is extensively used by the dermatologist. 

The following will illustrate some combinations : 
In the treatment of seborrhea : 

R2 or 

Resorcinolis Sj 410 

Betanaphtholis gr. xx 1 [3 

Tinct. Cinchonae Comp fSiij 12|0 

Spiritns Myrcise q. s. f 3vj 180J0 

M. 

Sig. — Apply twice daily. 

1 Anders: Practice of Medicine. 

2 Ohmann-Dumesnil: Diseases of the Skin. 



BISMUTHUM. 89 

In the treatment of seborrhea : 

31 or 

Betanaphtholis f 3ij 8 1 

Alcoholis f£ij 90| 

Spir. Myrciae q. s. fSvj 180| 

M. 

Sig. — Apply twice daily. 

In the treatment of scabies : 

R2 or 

Betanaphtholis, 

Sulphuris Prsecip aa. 3ss 2| 

Petrolati q. s. Sj 30| 

M. 

Sig. — Apply as directed. 

Used in the treatment of grain-itch : 

B 3 or 

Betanaphtholis gr. xxx 2|0 

Sulphuris Przecip gr. xl 2 5 

Adipis Benzoinati q. s. 3j 3010 

M. 

Sig. — Apply as directed. 

In the treatment of ringworm of the scalp : 

$ 4 or 

Betanaphtholis 3ss 21 

Olei Cadini '3j 41 

Ung. Sulphuris q. s. §j 30| 

M. 

Sig. — Apply as directed. 

BISMUTHUM— Bismuth. 

(Not Official.) 

Official Salts. 
General Character of Bismuth Salts. 

Form. — All white, or nearly white, powders except the subgallate, which 
is yellow, and the Bismuth and Ammonium Citrate, which is in the form of 
pearly scales. 

Odor and Taste. — All practically odorless and tasteless except Bismuth 
and Ammonium Citrate, which has a metallic taste. 



1 Ohmann-Dumesnil: Diseases of the Skin. 

2 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 

3 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 

4 Stelwagon: Diseases of the Skin. 



90 BISMUTHUM. 

Solubility. — All practically insoluble except the Bismuth and Ammonium 
Citrate, which is soluble in water. 

Incompatibles. — As they are insoluble and usually given in dry form, 
incompatibility is seldom a factor. They are best not prescribed with other 
acids or with iodine, iodides, etc. 

BISMUTHI CITRAS. Eng., Bismuth Citrate. 
Average Dose. — 2 grains (0.125 Gm.). 

BISMUTHI ET AMMONII CITRAS. Eng., Bismuth and Am- 
monium Citrate. 

Average Dose. — 2 grains (0.125 Gm.). 

BISMUTHI SUBCARBONAS. Eng., Bismuth Subcarbonate. 
Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). 

BISMUTHI SUBGALLAS. Eng., Bismuth Subgallate. 
Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). 

BISMUTHI SUBNITRAS. Eng., Bismuth Subnitrate. 
Average Dose. — 7 l /> grains (0.500 Gm.). 

BISMUTHI SUBSALICYLAS. Eng, Bismuth Subsalicylate. 
Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Antiseptic, astringent, protective. 

Uses. — Internally used in the treatment of gastritis, hyper- 
chlorhydria, gastric ulcer, diarrhea, dysentery, etc. Externally, 
in powders or ointments in the treatment of ulcers, burns, miliaria, 
eczema and many other skin conditions. The subnitrate with 
petrolatum (Beck's Paste) is used for chronic suppurating 
sinuses, cavities, etc., particularly of tuberculous origin. 

Administration. — Internally. — The subnitrate is the salt of 
common choice, though the subgallate is considered more 
astringent, and the subcarbonate better for some forms of gas- 
tric disturbances. The tendency is to give large doses. These 
salts may be given dry or in mixtures, but when in the latter 
form, as the powders are heavy, care should be exercised that 
the liquid be sufficiently thick to hold the powder suspended while 
a dose is being poured. 

The following examples show some usual combinations : 

When it is desired to administer a bismuth salt alone it may be 
ordered as follows : 

R or 

Bismuthi Subnit 3ij 8| 

Ft. cht. no. xij. 

Sig. — One every four hours. 



BISMUTHUM. 91 

Or: 

1^ or 

Bismuthi Subnit gr. clx 10| 

Muc. Acaciae Sss 15 

Syr. Limonis . . . . q. s. f §i j 60 

M. 

Sig.— "Shake." 

Teaspoonftil every four hours. 

In the treatment of the intestinal disturbances of childhood when 

the bismuth salt does not change the character of the stool it is 

often combined with sulphur at the time of administration. In 

addition to one of the prescriptions just given, another is written as 

follows : 

n or 

Sulphuris Pnecip gr. xxx 21 

M. ft. cht. no. xv. 

Sig. — One with each dose of the other medicine. 

In the treatment of diarrhea of typhoid fever : 

R 1 or 

Betanaphtholis 3j 41 

Bismuthi Subgal 3ij 81 

M. ft. cap. no. xxiv. 

Sig. — One every three hours. 

This could also be ordered in suspension in mucilage of acacia, 
syrup, etc. 

Used for the relief of abdominal tympany: 

I£ 2 or 

Phenylis Salicyl gr. xx 1 13 

Bismuthi Subnitr gr. 1 310 

M. ft. cap. no. x. 

Sig. — One two hours after each meal. 
This may be ordered in powders. 

In the treatment of dysentery : 

B 3 or 

Phenylis Salicyl.. 
Bismuthi Subnitr., 

Cretse Prep aa. 3j 41 

M. ft. cht. no. xij. 

Sig. — One every two hours. 



1 Anders: Practice of Medicine. 

- Ashton : Practice of Gynecology. 

3 Shoemaker: Materia Medica and Therapeutics. 



92 



BISMUTHUM. 



15|0 

12|0 

8|0 

13 



10 

2 

4 

30 

120 



In the treatment of gastric ulcer, etc. : 

Ifc or 

Bismuthi Subnitratis 3iv 

Magnesii Oxidi 3iij 

Calcii Carb. Praecip 3ij 

01. Menth. Pip Tn_v 

M. ft. cht. no. xv. 

Sig. — One in a glass of milk three times a day. 

In the treatment of diarrhea of typhoid fever : 

Bi or 

Bismuthi Subnitratis gr. clx 

Phenolis Liq n\xxx 

Tinct. Opii Deod f3j 

Mucil. Acaciae f o\i 

Aquae q. s. f 3iv 

M. 

Sig.: "Shake." 

Teaspoonful every three hours. 

In the treatment of acute intestinal indigestion : 
1*2 or 

Naphthaleni gr. xxx 

Bismuthi Subsalicyl gr. lxxx 

Phenolis gr. iv 

Glycerini fSj 

Aquae Chloroformi q. s. fSiij 

M. 

Sig.— "Shake." 

Two (2) teaspoon fuls in water every two hours. 

In the treatment of enterocolitis : 
R3 or 

Bismuthi Subnitratis 3ii j 

Tinct. Kino 

Tinct. Opii Camph aa. f Siss 

Mist. Cretae q. s. f ov j 

M. 

Sig.: "Shake." 

Tablespoon ful every three hours. 

Externally. — Bismuth Subnitrate is extensively used as a local 
application. It is prescribed either alone or with other agents. 
The following will illustrate : 



2 

5 

30 

90 



00 
00 
32 
00 
00 



12| 

45 1 
1801 



1 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 

2 lb id. 

3 Ibid. 



BISMUTHUM. 



93 



As a local application in the treatment of impetigo, fever blis- 
ters, etc. : 

$ or 

Hydrarg. Chlor. Mitis gr. xv 1 1 

Bismuthi Subnitratis q. s. 3iv 15 j 

M. 

Sig. — Apply twice daily. 

In the treatment of herpes, bromidrosis, etc. : 

$1 or 

Alumenis Pulv 3j 41 

Phenylis Salicyl 3ss 21 

Bismuthi Subnitr 3j 4 

Ung. Zinci Oxidi q. s. 3j 301 

M. 

Sig.— Apply. 

In the treatment of erythema venenatum : 

W 2 or 

Morphinas Sulph gr. v 32 

Bismuthi Subnitr 3j 4 00 

Ung. Aquae Rosse q. s. 3j 30 00 

M. 

Sig. — Apply in a thin layer. 

In the treatment of ecthyma : 

B 3 or 

Acidi Borici gr. x 65 

Bismuthi Subnitr 3j 4 00 

Picis Liquidae gr. xx 1 30 

Ung. Aquas Rosae q. s. Sj 30 00 

M. 

Sig. — Apply on a cloth twice daily. 

In the treatment of dermatitis : 

R 4 or 

Phenolis gr. xij |8 

Bismuthi Subnitr '. 3iss 6 

Adipis Lanae Hyd 5ij 8|0 

Ung. Zinci Oxidi q. s. 3j 30|0 

M. 

Sig. — Apply locally. 



1 Shoemaker: Materia Medica and Therapeutics. 

2 Ohrnann-Dumesnil: Diseases of the Skin. 
s Ibid, 

4 Ashtcn: Practice of Gynecology. 



94 BROMOFORMUM. BROMUM. 

BROMOFORMUM. 

Latin, Bromoformum. Eng., Bromoform. A colorless liquid. 
Average Dose. — 3 minims (0.2 Cc). 
Therapeutic Action. — Antispasmodic, anaesthetic. 
Uses. — Has been principally recommended for the treatment 
of whooping-cough. Not often prescribed. 

BROMUM. 

Latin, Bromum. Eng., Bromine. A heavy, dark, brownish-red 
liquid. 

Official Bromides. 

General Characteristics. 

Form. — Colorless crystals or white granular or crystalline powder. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless and having a sharp, saline, rather disagree- 
able taste. 

Solubility. — Soluble in less than 2 parts of water and unusually deliques- 
cent. Soluble in alcohol. 

Inconipatibles. — Acids, acid salts, many metallic salts, alkaloids, chlorine 
water, salts of mercury, spirit of nitrous ether. 

AMMONII BROMIDUM. Eng., Ammonium Bromide. Formula, 
NH 4 Br. 

Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 

CALCII BROMIDUM. Eng., Calcium Bromide. Formula, CaBr 2 . 
Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 

LITHII BROMIDUM. Eng., Lithium Bromide. Formula, LiBr. 
Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 

POTASSII BROMIDUM. Eng., Potassium Bromide. Formula, 
KBr. 

SODII BROMIDUM. Eng., Sodium Bromide. Formula, NaBr. 
Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 

STRONTII BROMIDUM. Eng., Strontium Bromide. Formula, 
SrBr 2 . 

Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 

ZINCI BROMIDUM. Eng., Zinc Bromide. 
Average Dose. — 2 grains (0.125 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Sedative, hypnotic, anodyne, antispas- 
modic. 

Uses. — To relieve pain or produce quiet or sleep in headache, 
nervousness, hysteria, epilepsy, alcoholism, tetanus, rabies, 
strychnine poisoning, eclampsia and kindred conditions. 

Administration. — It will be noted that the bromides are all 
white or nearly white salts freely soluble in water, forming 



BROMUM. 



95 



clear, colorless solutions. Most of them will become moist on 
exposure to air, so should not be dispensed in powder. The taste 
of the salts is usually sharp, so they should be well diluted. 
"When diluted the taste is not very disagreeable. Thev are best 
prescribed in solution in such vehicles as water, peppermint 
water, aromatic elixir, etc. 

Potassium Bromide is the most largely used, but is not necessarily 
the most desirable. 

The bromides may be administered by mouth or rectum. 

A bromide mav be ordered alone, as : 



Sodii Bromidi 3ij 

Elix. Aromatici q. s. f Bj 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoon ful every three hours when needed. 



or 



301 



As a hypnotic, sedative, etc., they are often combined with other 
agents, as: 



or 



3 

Chlorali Hydrati 3j 

Sodii Bromidi 3ij 

Tinct. Cannabis Ind f3ss 

Aquae Menth. Pip q. s. fSj 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water every four hours when necessary 

Or: 

3 or 

Codeinae Phos gr. iv 

Chlorali Hydrati 3j 

Potassii Bromidi 3ij 

Aquae Chloroformi q. s. flj 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water every four hours until relieved. 

Bromides are often prescribed as : 

fy or 

Ammon. Bromidi gr. xx 

Sodii Bromidi gr. xxx 

Strontii Bromidi gr. xxx 

Potassii Bromidi gr. xl 

Elix. Aromatici q. s. f Sj 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful every three hours when necessary. 



|26 

4|00 

8|00 

30100 



1 
2 
2 
2 
30 



96 



BROMUM. 



In the treatment of convulsions : 

Ri or 

Chlorali Hydrati gr. viij 

Sodii Bromidi gr. xvj 

Syrupi Aurantii q. s. f5ij 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful. Repeat in one hour if necessary. 



I 5 
1|0 

60|0 



5 

2 

3 

60 



In the treatment of acute laryngitis : 
B2 or 

Chlorali Hydrati gr. lxxv 

Ammonii Bromidi gr. xxx 

Potassii Bromidi gr. xlv 

Aquas Cinnamomi q. s. f Bij 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water every twenty minutes till improvement 
takes place. 

In the treatment of headache following a debauch : 
B3 or 

Ammonii Bromidi 3iij 12| 

Spir. Ammonia? Arom f3iv 15| 

Elix. Aromatici q. s. f 3iij 90| 

M. 

Sig. — Two (2) teaspoonfuls in water every two hours till relieved. 

In the treatment of gonorrhea : 
R4 or 

Acidi Borici, 

Sodii Bromidi aa.gr. clx 10 

Tinct. Belladon. Fol f3j 4 

Liq. Potas. Citratis q. s. fSviij 240 

M. 

Sig. — Tablespoonful in water four times daily. 

Or: 

Ifc5 or 

Tinct. Yeratri m_ viij |5 

Potassi Bromidi, 

Sodii Bicarb aa.gr. clx 10J0 

Liq. Potas. Citratis q. s. f^viij 240|0 

M. 

Sig. — Tablespoonful in water every two hours. 



i Ruhrah: Diseases of Children. 

2 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 

3 Ibid. 

4 White and Martin: Genito-urinary and Venereal Diseases. 

5 TMd. 



BUCHU. CAFFEINA. 97 

In the treatment of spasmodic croup : 

Ri or 

Ammonii Bromidi 3ss 2| 

Tinct. Opii Camph f3ss 2| 

Tinct. Belladon. Fol n\xv 1| 

Syr. Tolutani fSj 30 1 

Aquae q. s. f Sij 60| 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful every hour till relieved. 
(For child 2 years old). 

Bromides are frequently used by enema, as in strychnine poison- 
ing, convulsions, etc. : 

n or 

Chlorali Hydrati 3j 4 

Sodii Bromidi 3ij 8 

Aquae q. s. f Si j 60 

M. 

Sig. — Use tablespoonful to cup of warm water as enema. 

BUCHU. 

Latin, Buchu (Gen., Buchu). Eng., Buchu. The dried leaves 
of Barosma betulina. 

Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). 

Official Preparation. 

Fluidextractum Buchu. Eng., Fluidextract of Buchu. 
Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Diuretic, urinary disinfectant, diapho- 
retic. 

Uses. — Principally employed in the treatment of diseases of 
the genito-urinary tract. 

Administration. — Usually prescribed in combination with 
other agents, the most popular preparation being the Elixir of 
Buchu, Juniper and Potassium Acetate. 

CAFFEINA. 

Latin, Caffeina (Gen., Caffeinae). Eng., Caffeine. A feebly 
basic alkaloid obtained from tea (Thea sinensis) or coffee (Coffea 
arabica). Coffee contains about 0.67 to 2.25 per cent., and tea about 
3.2 per cent. 

Average Dose. — 1 grain (0.065 Gm.). 

1 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 

7 



98 



CAFFEIXA. 



Official Preparations. 

Caffeina Citrata. Eng., Citrated Caffeine. Composed of equal parts 
of Caffeine and Citric Acid. 

Form. — A white powder. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless and a slightly bitter taste. 

Solubility. — Soluble in water or alcohol. 

Average Dose. — 2 grains (0.125 Gm.). 

Caffeina Citrata Effervescens. Eng., Effervescent Citrated Caffeine. 
Contains 4 per cent. Caffeine. 

Average Dose. — 60 grains (4 Gm.). 

Caffeine is also contained in Purvis Acetanilidi Compositus. 

Therapeutic Action. — Stimulant, diuretic. 

Uses. — To counteract the depressing effects of analgesics and 
antipyretics in the treatment of headache, neuralgia, colds, grip, 
etc. In the treatment of dropsy and cardiac weakness. An effi- 
cient antidote for poisoning by opium, alcohol and some other 
narcotics. 

Administration. — Caffeine is usually prescribed in the form 
of citrated caffeine either in solution or dry. Citric Acid is used 
to render the alkaloid more soluble. It is not a salt but a mix- 
ture. Caffeine is also rendered more soluble by the addition 
of such drugs as antipyrine, potassium bromide and sodium 
benzoate and salicylate, etc. 

The following prescriptions show some frequently used combina- 
tions : 

In the treatment of colds, etc. : 

R or 

Caffeinse Citratse gr. x 6 

Acidi Acetylsalicylici gr. xl 2 5 

Quininse Hydrobrom gr. xx 13 

M. ft. cap. no. xv. 

Sig. — Take 6 today and 4 tomorrow. 

Instructions can be given patient as to time of taking, etc.. as. 
1 in the morning, 2 at noon, and 3 at night. 

The following has been recommended for headache : 

Ri or 

Acetanilidi gr. lxxij 4 50 

Caffeine Citratse, 

Camphors Monobromatse aa. gr. xij 75 

Sodii Bicarbonatis gr. xlviij 3 00 

M. ft. cap. no. xxiv. 

Sig. — One every half-hour until six (6) are taken. 



i Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 



CALAMINA PR.EPARATA. 

In the treatment of chronic valvular disease : 

Ri or 

Caffeinse Citratse 3ss 

Strychninse Sulph gr. % 

Sparteinse Sulph gr. iij 

M. ft. cap. no. xij. 

Sig. — One every four hours. 

In the treatment of migraine : 
R2 or 

Caffeinse Citratse gr. v 

Camphorse Monobromatae gr. xx 

Acetphenetidini gr. xx 

M. ft. cap. no. x. 

Sig. — One everv two hours until relieved. 



99 



00 
02 
20 



[32 
1|30 

1130 



CALAMINA PRiEPARATA. 

Latin, Calamina Prseparata. Eng., Prepared Calamine. Not 
official. 

A mixture of the native carbonate and silicate of zinc. 

A pinkish or flesh-colored powder of earthy appearance, prac- 
tically odorless and insoluble in water. 

It was official in the U. S. Pharmacopoeia of 1850. 

Therapeutic Action. — Astringent, desiccant. 

Uses. — In the treatment of herpes, some forms of eczema, 
ulcerations, etc. 

Administration. — It is used rather frequently by the der- 
matologist in external applications. 

In the treatment of herpes progenitalis : 

R 3 or 

Zinci Oxidi, 

Calaminae Prsep aa. gr. x |65 

Glycerini, 

Alcoholis aa. nxxij 175 

Aquas q. s. f5ij 60|00 

M. 

Sig. — '"Shake." 

Apply freely. 

1 Anders: Practice of Medicine. 

2 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 

3 Stelwagon: Diseases of the Skin. 



100 CALCIUM. 

CALAMUS. 

Latin, Calamus (Gen., Calami). Eng., Calamus. Synonym, 
Sweet Flag. The unpeeled dried rhizome of Acorns calamus. 
Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 

Official Preparation. 

Fluidextractum Calami. Eng., Fluidextract of Calamus. 
Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Bitter tonic. 

Uses. — Principally recommended for flatulence and atonic 
dyspepsia. Seldom prescribed. 

CALCIUM. 

(Not Official.) 

Official Salts and Preparations of Calcium. 

CALCII BROMIDUM.— See Bromine, p. 94. 

CALCII CARBONAS PR^CIPITATUS. Eng., Precipitated Cal- 
cium Carbonate. Formula, CaCOs. 

Form. — White powder. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless and tasteless. 

Solubility. — Practically insoluble in water or alcohol. This salt is used 
in making some other preparations of minor importance. 

Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 

CALCII CHLORIDUM. Eng., Calcium Chloride. Formula, CaCK 

Form. — White powder. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless; sharp, saline taste. 

Solubility. — In 1.3 parts of water or 8 parts of alcohol. 

Incompatibles. — Acids, carbonates, sulphates, etc. 

Average Dose. — 7 l /i grains (0.500 Gm,). 

CALCII HYPOPHOSPHIS.— See Acidum Hypophosphorosum, p. 25. 

CALCII PHOSPHAS PR^CIPITATUS. Eng., Precipitated Cal- 
cium Phosphate. Formula, Ca ; ; ( PO-0 l>. 

Form. — White powder. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless and tasteless. 

Solubility. — Practically insoluble in water or alcohol. 

Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 

CALCII SULPHAS EXSICCATUS. Eng., Exsiccated Calcium Sul- 
phate. Synonym, Plaster of Paris. 

CALX. Eng., Lime. 

CALX CHLORINATA. Eng, Chlorinated Lime. 

Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). 

CALX SULPHURATA. Eng., Sulphurated Lime. 

Average Dose. — 1 grain (0.065 Gm.). 



CALCIUM. 101 

CRETA PRiEPARATA. Eng., Prepared Chalk. 

Form. — Whitish powder often moulded into cones. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless and tasteless. 

Solubility. — Practically insoluble in water or alcohol. 

Iiicompatibles. — Acids, salicylates, alum, etc. 

Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 

MISTURA CRETiE. Eng., Chalk Mixture. Compound Chalk Pow- 
der, 20 Gm. ; Cinnamon Water, 40 Cc. ; Water, to make 100 Cc. 

Average Dose. — 4 fluidrachms (16 Cc). 

PULVIS CRET^ COMPOSITUS. Eng., Compound Chalk Powder. 
Prepared Chalk, 30 Gm.; Acacia, 20 Gm.; Pow^dered Sugar, 50 Gm. 

Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). 

Prepared chalk is contained in Hydrargyrum Cum Creta. 

LINIMENTUM CALCIS. Eng., Lime Liniment. Synonym, Car- 
ron Oil. Equal parts of Linseed Oil and Lime Water. 

LIQUOR CALCIS. Eng., Lime Water. A saturated aqueous solu- 
tion which should contain not less than 0.14 per cent, of pure Calcium 
Hydroxide. 

Average Dose. — 4 fluidrachms (16 Cc). 

SYRUPUS CALCIS. Eng., Syrup of Lime. 
Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). 

SYRUPUS CALCII LACTOPHOSPHATIS. Eng., Syrup of Cal- 
cium Lactophosphate. 

Average Dose. — 2 fluidrachms (8 Cc). 

Unofficial Salt. 

CALCII LACTAS. Eng., Calcium Lactate. A white powder, freely 
soluble in water. Odorless and almost tasteless. 
Average Dose. — 7*4 grains (0.500 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Prepared Chalk, Precipitated Calcium 
Carbonate and Lime Water are antacid and mildly astringent. Chlo- 
rinated Lime is antiseptic and disinfectant. Calcium Chloride and 
Lactate are classed as resolvents and haemostatics. 

Uses. — The precipitated carbonate is used for hyperchlor- 
hydria, gastric ulcer, etc. Prepared chalk is used in combination 
with other agents in dusting- powders or ointments in the treat- 
ment of eczema, dermatitis, ulcers, etc. Its preparation is used 
for diarrhea, dysentery and other gastro-intestinal conditions. 
Lime Water is extensively employed in the artificial feeding of 
infants and the milk diet of adults ; also as a spray for diphtheria, 
etc. Lime Liniment is employed for burns. Calcium chloride and 
lactate are used for hemorrhages, particularly purpura hsemor- 
rhagica, scurvy, etc. Recommended for chronic bronchitis and 
asthma. 



102 



CALCIUM. 



Administration. — Internally. — In solution, Calcium Chloride 
or Lactate, or Calcium) Hydroxide in the form of Lime Water, are 
the preparations ordinarily prescribed. They are usually pre- 
scribed alone. 

To increase the coagulability of the blood, as in the treatment 
of purpura : 



B or 

Calcii Chloridi 3j 

Aquae Dest q. s. f Sij 

M. 

Sig. — Tablespoonful in water every two hours if necessary 



4| 

601 



Lime Water is largely used in the artificial feeding of infants. 
Patients should be cautioned that a clear solution is necessary and 
that they should not shake the bottle before using, as it might dis- 
turb a sediment. It may be ordered as : 



Liquoris Calcis . . . 
Sisr. — Lime water. 



or 



Oj 



4801 



Prepared Chalk in powders or suspension is largely used, par- 
ticularly in intestinal disturbances. It is prescribed either alone 
or with other agents. The following will illustrate : 

In the treatment of dysentery: 



Phenylis Salicyl., 
Bismuthi Subnitr., 

Cretan Praep 

M. ft. cht. no. xij. 

Sig. — One every two hours. 



or 



. aa. 3j 



In the treatment of catarrhal enteritis of childhood 

$2 or 

Tinct. Opii Deodorati n\xvj 

Bismuthi Subnitratis gr. lxxx 

Misturse Cretse q. s. f Hi j 

M. 

Sig.: "Shake." 

Teaspoonful every two hours. 



1 Shoemaker: Materia Medica and Therapeutics. 

2 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 



II 

5 

601 



CALCIUM. 103 

In the treatment of enteric troubles of childhood : 

fy or 

Bismuthi Subnitr 3ij 8| 

Misturse Cretse q. s. fBij 60 1 

M. 

Sig.: "Shake." 

Teaspoonful every three hours until relieved. 

In the treatment of enterocolitis : 

Ui or 

Bismuthi Subnitr 3iij 12| 

Tinct. Kino, 

Tinct. Opii Camph aa. fSiss 45 1 

Misturae Cretse q. s. f §vj 180 1 

M. 

Sig.: "Shake." 

Tablespoonful every three hours. 

Calcium Carbonate and Phosphate are frequently employed in- 
ternally in dry form. 

In the treatment of hyperacidity : 



U or 



Magnesii Oxidi 3iv 15 

Calcii Carb. Prsec 3-iij 12 

Bismuthi Subnitr 5iij 12 

01. Menth. Pip n^v 

M. 

Sig. — Level teaspoonful in glass of milk two hours after meals. 



This may be ordered in twenty powders and the directions made 
to read ''One in glass of milk two hours after meals." 

Externally. — Lime Liniment is an old-time remedy for burns. 
It is usually prescribed alone or with a small amount of Phenol. 

B or 

Phenolis Liquef acti m_ xv 11 

Linimenti Calcis q. s. f Svj 180 1 

M. 

Sig.— "Shake." 

Apply to burn as directed. 

Calcium Carbonate and Phosphate and Prepared Chalk are some- 
times used externally. 



1 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 



104 



CALENDULA. CALUMBA. 



In the treatment of erythema venenatum: 

Bi or 

Acidi Borici gr. xv 

Talci Purificati gr. xx 

Cretse Praep 3iv 

Magnesii Carbonatis 3iij 

M. 

Sig. — Use as a dusting powder. 



1 
1 

15 
12 



In the treatment of scabies : 

Sulphuris Loti, 
Olei Cadini, 

Cretse Praep aa. 3ij 

Saponis Mollis 3v 

Adipis q. s. Si j 

M. 

Sig. — Rub in thoroughly. 



or 



19 
60 



CALENDULA. 

Latin, Calendula. Eng., Calendula. Synonym, Marigold. The 
dried florets of Calendula officinalis. 
Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 

Official Preparation. 

Tinctura Calendulae. Eng., Tincture of Calendula. Represents 20 per 
cent, of the drug. 

Therapeutic Action. — Questionable. 
Uses. — Almost unused. 



CALUMBA. 

Latin, Calumba (Gen., Calumbae). Eng., Calumba. Synonym, 
Columbo. The dried root of Jateorhiza palmata. 
Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). 

Official Preparations. 

Fluidextractum Calumbae. Eng., Fluidextract of Calumba. 
Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). 

Tinctura Calumbae. Eng., Tincture of Calumba. Represents 20 per 
cent, of the drug. 

Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). 



1 Ohniann-Dumesnil: Diseases of the Skin. 

2 Ibid. 



CAMBOGIA. CAMPHORA. 105 

Therapeutic Action. — Bitter tonic. 

Uses. — Principally used as a vehicle for tonic preparations. 
Administration. — The tincture is used almost exclusively and 
is usually prescribed with such agents as nux vomica. 

CAMBOGIA. 

Latin, Cambogia (Gen., Cambogiae). Eng., Gamboge. A gum- 
resin obtained from Garcinm hanburi. 

Average Dose. — 2 grains (0.125 Gm.). 

Gamboge is contained in Compound Cathartic Pills. 

Therapeutic Action. — Cathartic. 

Uses. — Emploved in combination when an active purgative of 
the drastic and hydragogue type is indicated. 

Administration. — It is seldom used except in the compound 
cathartic pill. 

CAMPHORA. 

Latin, Camphora (Gen., Camphors). Eng., Camphor. Syno- 
nym, Gum Camphor. Formula, C 10 H 1G O. The dextrogyrate modi- 
fication of the saturated Ketone obtained from Ciunamomum 
camphora. 

Form. — Y\ nite, translucent masses. 

Odor and Taste. — Characteristic pleasant odor, and a pungent, 
aromatic taste. 

Solubility. — Sparingly soluble in water. Readily soluble in 
alcohol. 

Incompatibles. — Will liquefy when rubbed with hydrated chloral, 
menthol, phenol, thymol, etc. Camphor Water is incompatible with 
strong solutions of salts. 

Average Dose. — 2 grains (0.125 Gm.). 

Official Preparations. 

Aqua Camphorae. Eng., Camphor Water. A saturated aqueous solu- 
tion of Camphor. 

Average Dose. — 2 fluidrachms (8 Cc). 

Ceratum Camphorae. Eng., Camphor Cerate. Contains 10 per cent, 
of camphor. 

Linimentum Camphorae. Eng.. Camphor Liniment. Synonym, Cam- 
phorated Oil. Camphor, 200 Gm.: Cotton Seed Oil, 800 Gm. 

Spiritus Camphorae. Eng., Spirit of Camphor. Synonym, Tincture 
of Camphor. Camphor, 100 Gm. : Alcohol, to make 1000 Cc. 



106 CAMPHORA. 

Acidum Camphoricum. Eng., Camphoric Acid. Colorless, odorless 
solid. Soluble in 125 parts of water. Readily soluble in alcohol. 
Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 

Camphora Monobromata. Eng., Monobromated Camphor. Colorless 
needles or scales. 

Average Dose. — 2 grains (0.125 Gm.). 

Camphor is contained in some other preparations, as Linimentum 
Saponis, Tinctura Opii Camphorata, etc. 

Therapeutic Action. — Carminative, stimulant, diaphoretic, anti- 
septic. Monobromated camphor is also esteemed as a nerve 
sedative and anaphrodisiac, and camphoric acid as an anhidrotic. 

Uses. — Camphor is used as a stimulant in collapse, narcotic 
poisoning, etc. Camphor and monobromated camphor are em- 
ployed in the treatment of colds, bronchitis, pneumonia, head- 
ache, diarrhea, hysteria, and kindred conditions. Camphoric 
acid is recommended for the sleep-sweats of tuberculosis. Ex- 
ternally camphor is used for dermatitis, pruritus, neuralgia, etc. 

Administration. — Camphor is sometimes used hypodermatic- 
ally, and the form of choice is camphor dissolved in sterile oil. 
The aseptic packages put out by the pharmaceutical manufacturers 
are the most desirable. 

Camphor is frequently prescribed in dry form in capsules with 
other agents. 

In the treatment of coryza : 

3i" or 

Ext. Belladon. Fol gr. ss |03 

Camphoras gr. vj |40 

Quininae Sulph., 

Pulv. Ipecac, et Opii fia. gr. xij [80 

M. ft. cap. no. xij. 

Sig. — One every half -hour for four hours, then one every three hours. 

In the treatment of influenza : 
$2 or 

Caffeinse Citratae gr. x 65 

Camphorae gr. x 65 

Acetphenetidinae gr. xxx 2 00 

M. ft. cap. no. x. 

Sig. — One every two hours. 



1 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 

2 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 



CAMPHORA. 



107 



In the treatment of cold, influenza, etc. : 

ty or 

Camphorae, gr. v 

Pulv. Ipecac, et Opii gr. x 

Quininae Hydrobrom gr. x 

M. ft. cap. no. v. 

Sig. — Take at bedtime. 



32 
65 
65 



This is particularly used in connection with hot drinks, foot- 
baths, etc, to abort a "cold." 

Camphor Water is a frequently employed vehicle. 
Camphor is frequently used locally in solution or liquefied. 

As an inhalation in coryza : 

R or 

Camphorae, 

Mentholis aa. 3s s 2 

Alcoholis q. s. f Ej 301 

M. 

Sig. — Use teaspoonful to pitcher of hot water every four hours. 



As a spray in coryza, laryngitis, etc. : 

B or 

Camphorae, : gr. vj 

Eucalyptolis, 
01. Menth. Pip., 

Olei Pini Syl aa. ti\ v j 

Petrolati Liq , . . q. s. f 5vj 

M. 

Sig. — Use as a spray every four hours. 



4 

18010 



In laryngitis, patients should be instructed to inhale while using 
spray. The following liquefies when triturated : 

In the treatment of neuralgia : 

R 1 or 

Chlorali Hydrati, 

Camphorae, 

Mentholis ■ aa. 3j 

M. et tere bene. 

Sig. — Paint over parts as directed. 



i Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 



108 



CAMPHORA. 



Some combinations in ointments are as follows : 

In the treatment of pruritus : 

Ri or 

Mentholis, 

Camphorae, 

Chlorali Hydrati aa. gr. v 

Petrolati q. s. oss 

M. 

Sig. — Apply locally. 



32 

15100 



As an application in pruritic diseases of the skin : 

$2 or 

Phenolis gr. v 

Camphorae gr. x 

Sulphuris Subl gr. xxx 

Ung. Zinci Oxidi q. s. 5j 

M. 

Sig. — Apply frequently to irritable surface. 



32 
65 
00 
30100 



In the treatment of dermatitis calorica : 

Phenolis, 

Camphorae aa. 3ss 

Adipis Lanae Hyd §j 

Ung. Aquae Rosas q. s. 3i j 

M. 

Sig. — Apply on cloth every four hours. 



or 



2 
30 
60 



In the treatment of eczema of the scrotum : 

^ or 

Camphorae, 

Chlorali Hydrati aa. gr. xx 13 

Adipis Lanae Hyd 5ss 15 

Ung. Aquae Rosae q. s. 3j 30 

M. 

Sig. — Apply liberally several times daily. 

Camphor Liniment may be ordered as in the following for 
bronchitis in children : 

Linimenti Camphorae 5ij 

Sig. — Warm and apply to chest as directed. 



1 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 

- Shoemaker: Materia Medica and Therapeutics. 

:; Ohmann-Dumesnil: Diseases of the Skin. 

^ Ibid. 



CANNABIS INDICA. 109 

Monobromated Camphor is usually prescribed in capsules with 
other agents. 

The following has been recommended in headache : 

Jfci or 

Acetanilidi gr. Ixxij 4|50 

Caffeinae Citratse, 

Camphorse Monobromata? aa. gr. xij 175 

Sodii Bicarbonatis gr. xlviij 3J00 

M. ft. cap. no. xxiv. 

Sig.— One every half-hour until six (6) are taken. 

In the treatment of migraine : 
R2 or 

Caffeinae Citrate, gr. v \2>2 

Camphorse Monobromatae gr. xx 1|30 

Acetphenetidini , gr. xx 1 130 

M. ft. cap. no. x. 

Sig. — One every two hours until relieved. 

CANNABIS INDICA. 

Latin, Cannabis Indica (Gen., Cannabis Indicae). Eng., Indian 
Cannabis. Synonym, Indian Hemp. Dried flowering top of 
Cannabis sativa. 

Average Dose. — 1 grain (0.065 Gm.). 

Official Preparations. 

Extractum Cannabis Indicae. Eng., Extract of Indian Cannabis. A 
soft solid about live times the strength of the crude drug. 
Average Dose. — % grain (0.010 Gm.). 

Fluidextractum Cannabis Indicae. Eng., Fluidextract of Indian 
Cannabis. 

Average Dose. — 1 minim (0.05 Cc). 

Tinctura Cannabis Indicae. Eng., Tincture of Indian Cannabis. 
Represents 10 per cent, of the drug in alcohol. 
Average Dose. — 10 minims (0.6 Cc). 

Indian Cannabis is considered by some as very uncertain in its 
action and many prescribers will not employ it. 

Therapeutic Action. — Sedative, anodyne, narcotic. 

Uses. — For headache, neuralgia and kindred conditions. It 
is an ingredient in many of the corn remedies. 

Administration. — Internally. — The tincture is the preparation 
usually employed. 



1 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 
-Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 



110 CANTHARIS. 

It may be prescribed alone, as : 

3 or 

Tinct. Cannabis Indicae f 3j 4 

Tinct. Aurantii Dulc q. s. fSj 30 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water every four hours. 

Some prescribe the tincture alone by drops and increase to effect. 
About two drops must be allowed for each minim. 

R or 

Tincturse Cannabis Indies fSj 30 1 

Sig. — Begin with 10 drops three times a day. 

It is sometimes used with other agents. The following will 
illustrate : 

In a hypnotic preparation : 

H or 

Chlorali Hydrati 3j 

Sodii Bromidi 3ij 

Tinct. Cannabis Indicae f3j 4 

Elix. Aromatici q. s. f 3j 30 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water every four hours when necessary. 

Externally. — The extract is sometimes used in combination with 
other agents. The following will illustrate : 
In the treatment of clavus : 

Ri or 

Acidi Salicylici gr. xxx 2|0 

Ext. Cannabis Indicse gr. x 16 

Collodii q. s. fSss 15 

M. 

Sig. — Apply to lesions twice daily. 

In employing the above many add Ol. Ricini, foj. 

CANTHARIS. 

Latin, Cantharis (Gen., Cantharidis). Eng., Cantharides. 
Synonym, Spanish Flies. The dried beetle Cantharis vcsicatoria. 
Average Dose. — ]/ 2 grain (0.030 Gm.). 

Official Preparations. 

Ceratum Cantharidis. Eng., Cantharides Cerate. Contains 32 per 
cent, of the drug-. 



1 Stelwagon: Diseases of the Skin. 



CAPSICUM. Ill 

Collodium Cantharidatum. Eng., Cantharidal Collodion. Represents 
60 per cent, of the drug. 

Tinctura Cantharidis. Eng., Tincture of Cantharides. Represents 10 
per cent, of the drug. 

Average Dose. — 5 minims (0.3 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Rubefacient, vesicant, and also classed 
as a diuretic and aphrodisiac. 

Uses. — Sometimes used as a counter-irritant as in the treat- 
ment of neuralgia, sciatica, or related conditions. Used in hair 
preparations to stop loss of hair. 

Administration. — Cantharides is seldom prescribed. The 
Cerate or Collodion is sometimes ordered for external use to produce 
counter-irritation. 

The tincture is employed with other agents in applications to 
the scalp. It is sometimes employed internally. 



CAPSICUM. 

Latin, Capsicum (Gen., Capsici). Eng., Capsicum. Synonym, 
Cayenne Pepper, etc. The dried ripe fruit of Capsicum fastigiatum. 
Average Dose. — 1 grain (0.065 Gm.). 

Official Preparations. 

Emplastrum Capsici. Eng., Capsicum Plaster. Oleoresin of Capsi- 
cum spread in a thin coating over adhesive plaster. 

Fluidextractum Capsici. Eng., Fluidextract of Capsicum. 
Average Dose. — 1 minim (0.05 Cc). 

Oleoresina Capsici. Eng., Oleoresin of Capsicum. 
Average Dose. — 1 / 2 grain (0.030 Gm.). 

Tinctura Capsici. Eng., Tincture of Capsicum. Represents 10 per 
cent, of the drug. 

Average Dose. — 8 minims (0.5 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Rubefacient, vesicant, stimulant, stom- 
achic. 

Uses. — Alcoholism, indigestion, certain forms of nephritis, etc. 

Administration. — Capsicum is not often prescribed. The 
most frequent employment is that of the powdered drug or the 
tincture with other agents : 



112 CARBO ANIMALIS. CARDAMOMUM. 

In a laxative preparation for tuberculosis : 

3 1 or 

Mas. Hydrargyri, 

Aloes Pulv., 

Ipecacuanhas Pulv., 

Capsici Pulv aa. gr. xij 

M. ft. cap. no. xxiv. 
Sig. — One at night. 



CARBO ANIMALIS. 

Latin, Carbo Animalis. Eng.. Animal Charcoal. Synonym, 
Boneblack. Charcoal prepared from bone. 

Official Preparation. 
Carbo Animalis Purificatus. Eng., Purified Animal Charcoal. 

CARBO LIGNI. 

Latin, Carbo Ligni. Eng., Charcoal. Synonym, Wood Charcoal. 
Charcoal prepared from soft wood and finely powdered. A black, 
odorless, tasteless and insoluble powder. 

Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Absorbent. 

Uses. — Employed in testing intestinal activity and sometimes 
prescribed for certain forms of dyspepsia. Its medicinal value is 
questionable. 

Administration. — Charcoal is sometimes employed internally 
alone or with other agents. It is usually administered in cap- 
sules. Not over 5 grains should be ordered to each capsule. 

CARBONEI DISULPHIDUM. 

Latin, Carbonei Disulphidum. Eng., Carbon Disulphide. A color- 
less liquid. 

CARDAMOMUM. 

Latin, Cardamomum (Gen., Cardamomi). Eng., Cardamom. 
The dried, nearly ripe fruit of Elettaria repens. 
Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 



1 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 



CARDAMOMUM. 



113 



Official Preparations. 

Tinctura Cardamomi. Eng., Tincture of Cardomom. 

Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). 

Tinctura Cardamomi Composita. Eng., Compound Tincture of Car- 
damom. Cardamom, 25 Gm. ; Saigon Cinnamon, 25 Gm. ; Caraway, 12 
Gm. ; Cochineal, 5 Gm. ; Glycerin, 50 Cc. ; Diluted Alcohol, to make 1000 Cc. 

Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Stomachic, carminative. 

Uses. — In flatulent colic, loss of appetite, etc. A vehicle and 
flavoring agent. 

Administration. — Usually prescribed as a vehicle and adju- 
vant for more active agents. The compound tincture is the 
preparation of choice. 

In the treatment of constipation : 



Flext. Rhamni Pursh f 5j 

Tinct. Cardamomi Comp f Sss 

Glycerini f 3j 

Aquae Menth. Pip q. s. f Siij 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water after meals. 



or 



30 
15 
30 

90 



In the treatment of acne : 

1*2 

Sodii Benzoatis 3ij 

Tinct. Nucis Vomicae f Si j 

Flext. Rhamni Pursh f3ss 

Tinct. Cardamomi Comp q. s. fSiij 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water after meals. 



or 



15| 
901 



As a laxative in the treatment of acne : 

$3 or 

Flext. Rhamni Pursh., 

Tinct. Nucis Vomicae aa. f Siij 

Tinct. Cardamomi Comp q. s. f^iij 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water before meals. 



1 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 

2 ma. 

3 Stelwagon: Diseases of the Skin. 



12 
90 



114 CARUM. CASSIA FISTULA. 

CARUM. 

Latin, Carum. Eng., Caraway. The dried fruit of Carum carvi. 
Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 

Official Constituent. 

Oleum Cari. Eng., Oil of Caraway. 

Average Dose. — 3 minims (0.2 Cc). 

Oil of Caraway is contained in the Compound Spirit of Juniper. 

Therapeutic Action. — Stomachic, carminative. 
Uses. — A domestic remedy for flatulent colic, particularly of 
infants. Seldom prescribed. 

CARYOPHYLLUS. 

Latin, Caryophyllus. Eng., Cloves. The dried flower-buds of 
Eugenia aromatica. 

Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). 

Official Constituents. 

Oleum Caryophylli. Eng., Oil of Cloves. 
Average Dose. — 3 minims (0.2 Cc). 

Eugenol. Eng., Eugenol. An unsaturated aromatic phenol obtained 
from Oil of Cloves and other sources. 
Average Dose. — 3 minims (0.2 Cc). 
Cloves are contained in some other official preparations. 

Therapeutic Action. — Stomachic, carminative, antiseptic, 
irritant, local analgesic. 

Uses. — Employed as a flavoring- agent and as an adjuvant to 
stomachic preparations. Used locally for toothache. 

Administration. — Seldom used in medicine, except the oil, 
which is extensively employed by dentists. 

CASSIA FISTULA. 

Latin, Cassia Fistula. Eng., Cassia Fistula. Synonym. Purg- 
ing Cassia. The dried ripe fruit of Cassia fistula. 
Average Dose. — 60 grains (4 Gm.). 
Cassia Fistula is contained in Confection of Senna. 
Therapeutic Action. — Laxative. 
Uses. — Seldom prescribed. 



CATECHU. CERATA. CERA FLAVA. 115 

CATAPLASMA KAOLINI. 

See Kaolin, p. 209. 

CATECHU. 

(Not Official) 

Latin, Catechu (Gen., Catechu). Eng., Catechu. An extract 
prepared from the wood of Acacia catechu. 

The U. S. P. of 1900 dropped Catechu and adopted Gambir in 
its place, owing to the greater uniformity of the latter. 

Therapeutic Action. — Astringent. 

Uses. — Principally in the treatment of diarrhea. 

Administration. — Catechu in the form of the tincture is still 
prescribed by the profession. 

In the treatment of gonorrhea : 

Ri or 

Zinci Snlphatis gr. xv 10 

Plumbi Acetatis gr. xx 13 

Tincturse Opii, 

Tincturae Catechu aa. f3ij 2 

Aquas q. s. fSvj 180 

M. 

Sig. — "Shake."'' 

Inject after urination. 

CERATA— Cerates. 

Cerates are unctuous substances of such consistency that they 
may be easily spread, at ordinary temperature, upon muslin, or 
similar material, with a spatula, and yet not so soft as to liquefy 
and run when applied to the skin. They are not often prescribed. 
The following six cerates are official : 

Ceratum. — See Cera Flava. 

Ceratum Camphorae. — See Camphora. 

Ceratum Cantharidis. — See Cantharis. 

Ceratum Plumbi Subacetatis. — See Plumbum. 

Ceratum Resinae. — See Terebinthina. 

Ceratum Resinae Compositum. — See Terebinthina. 

CERA FLAVA. 

Latin, Cera Flava. Eng., Yellow Wax. A solid substance pre- 
pared from the honeycomb of the bee, Apis mellifera. 



1 White and Martin: Genito-urinary and Venereal Diseases. 



116 



CERII OXALAS. 



Official Preparations. 

Cera Alba. Eng., White Wax. Yellow wax bleached. 
Ceratum. Eng., Cerate. White Wax, 300 Gm.; White Petrolatum, 
200 Gm. ; Benzoinated Lard, 500 Gm. 

Wax is a constituent of all the official cerates except one. 



CERII OXALAS. 



Eng., Cerium 



Latin, Cerii Oxalas (Gen., Cerii Oxalatis), 
Oxalate. Chiefly a mixture of the oxalates of cerium and some 
other rare earths. 

Form. — A white powder. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless and tasteless. 

Solubility. — Insoluble in water or alcohol. 

Average Dose. — 1 grain (0.065 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Antiemetic. 

Uses. — Principally used in the treatment of nausea and vomit- 
ing, particularly that of pregnancy. Recommended for certain 
forms of diarrhea. 

Administration. — This is used in dry form or suspended in a 
liquid, either alone or, more frequently, with other agents. 

The above dose of the U. S. P. is often many times exceeded. 

Some combinations are illustrated in the following: 

In the treatment of postanesthetic vomiting : 

R 1 or 

Cocainae Hydrochlor gr. j 



Acetanilidi gr. x 

Cerii Oxalatis gr. xx 

M. ft. cht. no. iv. 

Sig. — One every two hours when indicated. 

In suspension in the treatment of nausea : 

B or 

Cocainae Hydrochlor gr. j 

Cerii Oxalatis 3ss 

Bismuthi Subnitr 3j 

Syr. Acaciae f Bj 

Aquae q. s. f Sii j 

M. 

Sig.— "Shake." 

Tablespoonful every hour till relieved. 



065 
650 
300 



|065 

2|000 

4]000 

30|000 

901000 



iAsbton: Practice of Gynecology. 



CETACEUM. CHLORALFORMAMIDUM. 117 

With other agents in powders, as in the treatment of nausea: 

R or 

Hydrarg. Chlor. Mitis gr. j |065 

Cerii Oxalatis 3ss 2|000 

Bismuthi Subnitr 3ij 8(000 

M. ft. cht. no. x. 

Sis:. — One everv hour until relieved. 



CETACEUM. 

Latin, Cetaceum. Eng., Spermaceti. A peculiar, concrete, fatty 
substance, obtained from the head of sperm whale, Physeter 
macrocephalas. 

CHARTA— Paper. 

Papers are preparations intended principally for external appli- 
cation, made either by saturating paper with medicinal substances, 
or by applying the latter to the surface of the paper by the addition 
of some adhesive liquid. These should not be confounded with 
Chartula, meaning "a little paper" folded so as to form a recep- 
tacle containing a dose of a medicinal substance. 

CHIMAPHILA. 

Latin, Chimaphila. Eng., Chimaphila. The dried leaves of 
Chimaphila umbellata. 

Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Classed as an astringent, tonic, diuretic. 

Uses. — Seldom employed. 

CHIRATA. 

Latin, Chirata. Eng., Chirata. The dried plant of Swertia 
chirayita. 

Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Stomachic, bitter tonic, sometimes 
classed as a febrifuge. 

Uses. — Seldom employed. 

CHLORALFORMAMIDUM. 

Latin, Chloralformamidum. Eng., Chloralformamide. A crys- 
talline solid, odorless, and having a somewhat bitter taste. Soluble 
in 18.7 parts of water or in 1.3 of alcohol. 



# 



118 CHLORALUM HYDRATUM. 

Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 
Therapeutic Action. — Hypnotic. 
Uses. — To produce sleep. 

Administration. — Seldom prescribed. It may be given in 
capsules or powder. 

CHLORALUM HYDRATUM. 

Latin, Chloralum Hydratum (Gen., Chlorali Hydrati). Eng., 
Hydrated Chloral. Synonym, Chloral. Formula, C2HCI3O -f- H 2 0. 

Form. — Colorless crystals. 

Odor and Taste. — An aromatic, penetrating odor and somewhat 
bitter taste. 

Solubility. — Freely soluble in water. Soluble in alcohol but 
decomposed by strong alcoholic solutions. 

Incompatibles. — Alcohol, alkalies, borates, potassium iodide 
and permanganate, etc. It liquefies when rubbed with camphor, 
phenol, menthol, thymol, etc. 

Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Hypnotic, analgesic, antispasmodic, 
antiseptic. 

Uses. — Used for insomnia, particularly when the result of 
nervous excitement. Employed in the treatment of convulsions, 
as those of strychnine poisoning, tetanus, etc., and for the con- 
vulsions of childhood. Frequently used in the management of 
labor. 

Toxicology. — Acute poisoning with hydrated chloral is usually 
characterized by coma, lowered blood-pressure, impaired respira- 
tion, lowered temperature, dilated pupils and abolished reflexes. 
Treatment. — The stomach should be washed out, the patient 
kept warm, and stimulants, as caffeine, strychnine, atropine and 
camphor, used. Artificial respiration, if necessary. 

Administration. — Hydrated Chloral cannot be prescribed in 
dry form, but is used in solution or ointment. 

Internally. — Used in aqueous solution either alone or with other 
agents, as the bromides. It is administered either by mouth or by 
rectum. 

Some combinations are shown by the following: 



CHLORALUM HYDRATUM. 



119 



In the treatment of convulsions of childhood : 

Bi or 

Chlorali Hydrati gr. viij 5 

Sodii Bromidi gr. xvj 1 

Syrupi Aurantii q. s. f Si j 60 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful. Repeat in one hour if necessary. 

In the treatment of acute laryngitis : 
R2 or 

Chlorali Hydrati '. gr. lxxv 51 

Ammonii Bromidi gr. xxx 21 

Potassii Bromidi gr. xlv 3 

Aquae Cinnamomi q. s. f Si j 60 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water every twenty minutes until improvement 
takes place. 

Externally. — Some combinations are shown by the following : 

In the treatment of eczema of the scrotum : 

$ or 

Camphorae, 

Chloridi Hydrati aa. gr. xx 

Adipis Lanae Hyd •. Sss 

Ung. Aquae Rosae q. s. 5j 

M. 

Sig. — Apply liberally several times daily. 



1|3 
15|0 
3010 



1 Ruhrah: Diseases of Children. 

- Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 

3 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 

4 Ash ton: Practice of Gynecology. 



In the treatment of pruritus : 

R 3 or 

Mentholis, 

Camphorae, 

Chlorali Hydrati aa. gr. v |32 

Petrolati q. s. Ess 15|00 

M. 

Sig. — Apply locally. 

In the treatment of pruritus : 

R 4 or 

Chlorali Hydrati Sj 4 

Petrolati q. s. Sj 30 

M. 

Sig. — Apply locally. 



120 CHLOROFORMUM. 

The following liquefies when triturated : 
In the treatment of neuralgia : 

B 1 or 

Chlorali Hydrati, 

Camphorse, 

Mentholis aa. 3j 41 

M. et tere bene. 

Sig. — Paint over parts as directed. 

CHLOROFORMUM. 

Latin, Chloroformum (Gen., Chloroformi). Eng., Chloroform. 

Form. — A heavy, colorless liquid. 

Odor and Taste. — Characteristic odor and burning, sweetish 
taste. 

Solubility. — In about 200 volumes of water and in all proportions 
in alcohol. 

Average Dose. — 5 minims (0.2 Cc.). 

Official Preparations. 

Aqua Chloroformi. Eng., Chloroform Water. A saturated, aqueous 
solution containing about 0.5 per cent, of Chloroform. 

Average Dose. — 4 fluidrachms (16 Cc). 

Emulsum Chloroformi. Eng., Emulsion of Chloroform. Contains 4 
per cent, of Chloroform. 

Average Dose. — 2 fluidrachms (8 Cc). 

Linimentum Chloroformi. Eng., Chloroform Liniment. Chloroform, 
300 Cc. ; Soap Liniment, 700 Cc 

Spiritus Chloroformi. Eng., Spirit of Chloroform. Chloroform, 60 
Cc ; Alcohol, 940 Cc. 

Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — General anesthetic, sedative, antispas- 
modic anodyne, carminative, rubefacient. 

Uses. — By inhalation, extensively used as a general anes- 
thetic, though not considered as safe as ether. By mouth, it is 
used in the treatment of acute indigestion, dysentery, diarrhea, 
and various abdominal pains; also for the cough of bronchitis 
and kindred conditions. Externally it is an ingredient of lini- 
ments for sprains, rheumatism, etc. 

Administration. — Internally. — Chloroform Water is sometimes 
used as a vehicle in the administration of sedatives, carmina- 
tives, etc. 



1 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 



CHLOROFORMUM. 



121 



Spirit of Chloroform is used alone or with other agents. 

Some combinations for internal use are shown in the following 

In the treatment of acute bronchitis: 
I*i or 

Terebeni f3ij 



Creosoti f 3ss 

Acacise q. s. 

Aquae Chlorof ormi q. s. f§iij 

M. ft. emulsion. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful with water every four hours. 



8 
2 

90 



or 



1 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 

2 Ibid, 
s Ibid. 
4 Ibid. 



8 ! 



15| 
901 



In the treatment of an acute exacerbation of a dry chronic 
bronchitis : 

Ammonii Chloridi '3ij 

Tinct. Hyoscyami, 

Syr. Scillae Comp aa. f 3iv 

Aquae Chlorof ormi q. s. fSiij 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water every three hours. 



In the treatment of acute intestinal indigestion : 
B3 or 

Naphthaleni , gr. xxx 

Bismuthi Subsalicyl gr. lxxx 

Phenolis gr. iv 

Glycerini fSj 

Aquae Chlorof ormi q. s. f Biij 

M. 

Sig.— "Shake." 

Two (2) teaspoonfuls in water every two hours. 



2|00 

5|00 

|32 

30|00 

90100 



In a digestive preparation : 
IM or 

Pepsini 3j 4 00 

Acidi Hydrochlor. Dil f3i v 15 00 

Strychninae Sulph gr. ss 03 

Glycerini £Sss 15 00 

Aquas Chlorof ormi q. s. f§iij 90 00 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water after meals. 



122 



CHLOROFORMUM. 



In the treatment of cough: 

n or 

Spir. Chloroformi, 

Tinct. Opii Camph aa.. f 3i j 8 

Elix. Aromatici . . . : q. s. f3ij 60 

M. 

Sig.— "Shake." 

Teaspoonful in water every two hours. 

In the treatment of "cramp colic," acute indigestion, etc. 

B or 

Spir. Chloroformi, 

Spir. Menth. Pip aa. f Bss 15 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water every two hours till relieved. 

In the treatment of tapeworm: 

H or 

Oleoresinae Aspidii, 

Chloroformi aa. 3j 4 00 

Olei Tiglii Trt iv 25 

Glycerini q. s. fSij 60J00 

M. 

Sig.— "Shake." 

Take half at 8 a.m., the rest in an hour if needed. 



Externally. — The official Chloroform Liniment is used alone or 
with other agents, or chloroform is prescribed with Soap Lini- 
ment in other proportions. Decided Rubefacient action is effected 
by covering after applying. 

Some illustrations are shown in the following: 

Externally Chloroform may be ordered as : 

fy or 

Lin. Chloroformi fSvj 180| 

Sig. — Apply with massage as directed. 

Or: 

R or 

Mentholis 3 J 4| 

Chloroformi fSj 30| 

Lin. Saponis q. s. f 5vj 180| 

M. 

Sig. — Apply with massage as directed. 



CHONDRUS. CHRYSAROBINUM. 123 

In the treatment of neuralgia (to be applied with friction along 
the course of the affected nerve) : 

R 1 or 

Tinct. Aconiti 

Chloroformi aa. £5j 30 

Lin. Saponis q. s. f Svj 120 

M. 

Sig. — ''Poison." 

Apply as directed. 

CHONDRUS. 

Latin, Chondrus. Eng., Chondrus. Synonym, Irish Moss. The 
dried plant of Chondrus crispus. 

Average dose. — In decoction, 4 drachms (15 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Demulcent, nutrient. 

Uses. — Seldom employed. Recommended for diarrhea, 
dysentery, inflammations of the genito-urinary tract and some 
skin diseases. 

Administration. — May be employed in the form of a mucilage. 

CHROMII TRIOXIDUM. 

Latin, Chromii Trioxidum. Eng., Chromium Trioxide. Syno- 
nym, Chromic Acid. Small crystals or prisms of a dark purplish-red 
color. Very soluble in water. 

Therapeutic Action. — Caustic. 

Uses. — Sometimes used in the treatment of warts, etc. 

Administration. — It is used either in the pure state or in 
aqueous solution. 

CHRYSAROBINUM. 

Latin, Chrysarobinum (Gen., Chrysarobini). Eng., Chrysarobin. 
A neutral principle extracted from Goa powder. 
Form. — A pale orange-yellow powder. 
Odor and Taste. — Odorless and tasteless. 

Solubility. — In 4812 parts of water and in 308 parts of alcohol. 
Average Dose. — V 2 grain (0.030 Gm.). 

Official Preparations. 

Unguentum Chrysarobini. Eng., Chrysarobin Ointment. Chrysa- 
robin, 6 Gm. ; Benzoinated Lard, 94 Gm. 



1 Shoemaker: Materia Medica and Therapeutics. 



124 



CIMICIFUGA. 



Therapeutic Action. — Antiparasitic. 

Uses. — Principally in the treatment of skin diseases, as ring- 
worm, psoriasis, etc. 

Administration. — Internally. — Seldom used. 

Externally. — It should be used with caution as it is a powerful 
irritant and is liable to cause dermatitis, and on the face* edema, also. 
It stains the skin a yellowish-brown. Some combinations are shown 
in the following: 

In the treatment of tinea barbae : 

B 1 or 

Chrysarobini 3j 4| 

Adipis Lanae Hyd 5ss 15 j 

Ung. Aquae Rosse q. s. Sj 30 

M. 

Sig. — Apply thoroughly to scalp once daily. 

In the treatment of psoriasis : 

1*2 or 

Chrysarobini 3j 4 

Acidi Salicylici gr. xx 13 

Athens f5j 4 

Olei Ricini tt\,x 6 

Collodii q. s. f Sss 15 

M. 

Sig. — Paint on affected parts. 



CIMICIFUGA. 

Latin, Cimicifuga. Eng., Cimicifuga. Synonyms, Black Snake- 
root, Black Cohosh. The dried rhizome and roots of Cimicifuga 
racemosa. 

Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 



Official Preparations. 

Extractum Cimicifugae. Eng., Extract of Cimicifuga. 
Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). 

Fluidextractum Cimicifugae. Eng., Fluidextract of Cimicifuga. 
Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Has been classed as a simple bitter, 
mild cardiac stimulant, alterative and emmenagogue. 



1 Ohmann-Dumesnil: Diseases of the Skin. 

2 Stelwagon: Diseases of the Skin. 



CINCHONA RUBRA. 125 

Uses. — Has been used for chorea, amenorrhea, dysmenor- 
rhea, and some other conditions. 

Administration. — Cimicifuga or its preparations are seldom 
prescribed as such. The drug is used in some unofficial prepara- 
tions that are sometimes employed. 

CINCHONA. 

Latin, Cinchona (Gen., Cinchonas) . Eng., Cinchona. Synonyms, 
Yellow Cinchona, Peruvian Bark, Jesuits' Bark, etc. The dried bark 
of Cinchona ledgeriana, Cinchona calisaya, and Cinchona officinalis. 

CINCHONA RUBRA. 

Latin, Cinchona Rubra. Eng., Red Cinchona. Synonyms, Peru- 
vian Bark, Jesuits' Bark, etc. The dried bark of Cinchona 
succirubra. 

Constituents of Cinchona and Red Cinchona. 

Not less than 5 per cent, of alkaloids, the most important of which are 
the official Quinine, Cinchonine and Cinchonidine. The cinchonas con- 
tain tannic acid. 

Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 

Official Preparations of Cinchona. 

Fluidextractum Cinchonae. Eng., Fluidextract of Cinchona. 
Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). 

Tinctura Cinchonae. Eng., Tincture of Cinchona. Represents 20 per 
cent, of Cinchona in glycerin, alcohol and water. 
Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). 

Official Preparation of Red Cinchona. 

Tinctura Cinchonae Composita. Eng., Compound Tincture of Cin- 
chona. Represents Red Cinchona, 100 Gm.; Bitter Orange Peel, 80 Gm.; 
Serpentaria, 20 Gm. in glycerin, alcohol and water, to make 1000 Cc. 

Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). 

Official Alkaloids and Salts. 
(Obtained from both.) 

Quinina. Eng., Quinine. 

Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). 

Used in many official preparations. 

Oleatum Quininae. Eng., Oleate of Quinine. Represents 25 per cent, 
of Quinine in Oleic Acid. 



126 CINCHONA RUBRA. 

Quininae Sulphas. Eng., Quinine Sulphate. Synonym, Quinine. 
Odor and Taste. — Odorless and a bitter taste. 
Solubility. — In 720 parts of water or 86 parts of alcohol. 
Incompatibles. — Ammonia, alkalies, lime-water, tannic acid, Donovan's 
solution, iodine, iodides, bromides, etc. 
Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). 

Quininae Bisulphas. Eng., Quinine Bisulphate. 

Form, Odor, Taste, Incompatibility and Dose. — Same as Quininae Sulphas. 

Solubility. — In 8.5 parts of water or 18 parts of alcohol. 

Quininae Hydrobromidum. Eng., Quinine Hydrobromide. 
Form, Odor, Taste, Incompatibility and Dose. — Same as Quininae Sulphas. 
Solubility. — In 40 parts of water or 0.67 part of alcohol. 
Quininae Hydrochloridum. Eng., Quinine Hydrochloride. Synonym, 
Quinine Muriate. 

Form, Odor, Taste, Incompatibility and Dose. — Same as Quininae Sulphas. 
Solubility. — In 18 parts of water or 0.6 part of alcohol. 

Quininae Salicylas. Eng., Quinine Salicylate. 

Form, Odor, Taste, Incompatibility and Dose. — Same as Quininae Sulphas. 

Solubility. — In 77 parts of water or 11 parts of alcohol. 

Cinchoninae Sulphus. Eng., Cinchonine Sulphate. 

Form, Odor, Taste, Incompatibility and Dose. — Same as Quininae Sulphas. 

Solubility. — In 58 parts of water or 10 parts of alcohol. 

Cinchonidinae Sulphas. Eng., Cinchonidine Sulphate. 

Form, Odor, Taste, Incompatibility and Dose. — Same as Quininae Sulphas. 

Solubility. — In 63 parts of water or 72 parts of alcohol. 

Unofficial Salt. 

Quininae et Ureae Hydrochloridum. Eng., Quinine and Urea Hydro- 
chloride. Contains about 60 per cent, of Quinine. White, odorless, bit- 
ter crystals, freely soluble in water. 

Therapeutic Action. — Cinchona and its preparations and 
official alkaloids are antimalarial, antipyretic, tonic, antiseptic. 

Uses. — The preparations of cinchona are used as bitter tonics. 
The alkaloids other than quinine are seldom employed by the 
profession. 

Quinine — by the mouth — is used for malaria, coryza, influenza, 
bronchitis, pertussis, erysipelas, septicemia, etc. 

By Enema. — Injections or irrigations are used for amebic dysen- 
tery, pinworms, ulcerated colon, gonorrhea, cystitis, abscesses, etc. 

Externally — For sores, ulcers, scalp diseases. 

By Needle. — For malaria and as a local anesthetic. 

Cinchonism. — Severe results from taking quinine are very 
rare, but considerable discomfort is quite common. Many people 
have such an idiosyncrasy for the drug that even a few grains 



CINCHONA RUBRA. 12/ 

will occasion alarming symptoms. The usual toxic symptoms 
are a sense of fullness in the head, dizziness, ringing in the ears, 
partial or even total deafness. There may be itching of the skin 
with or without eruption. The skin may show lesions anywhere 
from a mild erythema to purpura hemorrhagica. These symptoms 
may be accompanied with an elevation of temperature. Quinine 
given during pregnancy may produce an abortion. 

Treatment. — The unpleasant symptoms of cinchonism may 
be in part prevented by associating the bromides with the drug. If 
very disagreeable symptoms develop, the drug should be discontinued 
unless there is more demand for its continuance. Sodium or 
potassium bromide in rather large doses may be given and elim- 
ination favored. The cutaneous symptoms may be treated by 
starch or bran baths and antipruritic inunctions or applications, 
if necessary. 

Administration. — By Mouth. — The Bark, Fluidextract and 
Tincture are seldom used. The Compound Tincture is fre- 
quently employed, but as it contains only about 0.3 grain total 
alkaloids to the teaspoonful it has little effect except that due 
to its bitter taste. 

It should be remembered that the tinctures and fluidextract 
of cinchona contain tannic acid. The use of the Compound 
Tincture is illustrated in the following prescription, in which 
case it is said to prevent the unpleasant gastric disturbances that 
might result from the use of the other agents. The cinchona alka- 
loids are not precipitated for reasons elsewhere explained. 



n or 

Hydrarg. Chlor. Corros gr. j 

Potassii Iodidi gr. clx 10 

Tinct. Cinchonae Comp fSij 60 

Aquae q. s. £5iv 120 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water an hour before meals. 



065 
000 
000 
000 



Tasteless Administration by Mouth. — The quinine salts in cap- 
sules are by far the most desirable form for administration in the 
vast majority of cases where the patient is old enough to swallow a 
capsule. Pills and tablets possess no advantages over capsules and 
are particularly subject to the disadvantages mentioned under Pills, 
p. 264, and Tablets, p. 314. 

The prescriber should see that the pharmacist dispenses the cap- 
sules free from adhering particles. 



US 



CIXCHOXA RUBRA. 



The salts of choice seem to be Quinine Sulphate and Hydro- 
chloride for general use as an antiperiodic, tonic, and Quinine Hy- 
drobromide and Salicylate for colds, influenza, tonsillitis, etc 

Not more than 5 grains should usually be ordered to the capsule. 

Some frequently used prescriptions are as follov ~ 

In the treatment of malaria: 

R or 

Quininae Hydrobromidi gr. xc 

Ft. cap. no. xviij. 

Sig. — Take six (6) each day as directed. 

In the treatment of malaria following the first three days of 
quinine in large doses : 

R :r 

Arseni Trioxidi gr. ij 1 ^ 

5:r; :::::::. ;c 5v.!;h gr. ; jcf 

Quininae Sulph. gr. cl 1 '■ J ' 

Ferri Reducti gr. c : 5 A 

M. ft. cap. no. l. 

5 :z. — One after each meal. 



This may be prescribed for children in the proper doses, put into 

powders, and directions given that they may be administered in syrup 

: chocolate. For adults the Massa Ferri Carbonatis is frequently 

used instead of the Ferrum Reductum. 



In the treatment of subinvolution of the uterus 



hninae Sulph 

Er^ : r 
Quininae Sulph 

1C ft. cap. no. xxx. 

S - — One before each meal. 



or 



BT- : 



aa. gr. xxx 






In the treatment of coryza : 

R- :r 

Ert 1 i -don. Fol .... gr. ss 

Camphone gr. vj 

Quininae Sulph., 

Pulv. Ipecac, et Opii aa. gr. 

M ft. cap. no. 

Sig. — One every half-hour for four hours, then one every three hours. 



Mussrr 






CIXCHOXA RUBRA. 



129 



In the treatment of grip. cold. etc. : 

R or 

Quininae Hydrobrom gr. xx 

Acidi Acetylsalicyl gr. l 

Catteinae Citratae gr. x 

M. ft. cap. no. xvj. 

Sig. — One every two hours till eight (8) are taken each day. 



L|3C 

300 
65 



In the treatment of chronic heart disease : 
Ri 
Digitalis Pulv, 

Quininae Hydrochlor aa. gr. 

Ext. Valerianae 5j 

M. ft. cap. no. xxx. 

Sig. — One three times a daw 



or 



xv 



The principle in preparing a so-called "tasteless" quinine is to 
use a salt that will dissolve only to the smallest possible extent, so 
it will not come into contact with the special nerve-endings in such 
form as to be appreciated. The sulphate is probably the best salt 
for this purpose. The tannate is less bitter but has to be given in 
large amounts and at least is slower and more uncertain in action. 

It is usually possible to ascertain the preference of the child as 
to flavor. Glycyrrhiza may be distinctly disagreeable to some, while 
syrup of chocolate would be very acceptable. 

Some adults and practically all small children are unable to 
swallow capsules. The prescriber should always ascertain as to this 
matter before writing his prescription. If patient is a child 8 to 
10 years of age. but has never been tried on capsules, the prescription 
may be written for that form and the nurse instructed to empty 
them and administer in syrup of chocolate if the capsules cannot 
De swallowed. This method is sometimes desirable, anyway, as. for 
example, when other agents are ordered with the quinine salt that 
cannot well be put in solution. To illustrate : The following has 
been used for a child 6 years old. to follow the customary three 
days' intensive quinine treatment for malaria : 



R or 

Arseni Trioxidi. 

Strychninae Sulph aa. gr. 1 $ 

Quininae Sulph.. 

Ferri Reducti -. . . . aa. gr. xl 

M. ft. cap. no. l. 

Sig. — One in chocolate syrup after meals. 



1002 



500 



1 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 

9 



130 CINCHONA RUBRA. 

A "tasteless" syrup for administration to a child : 

R or 

Quininae Sulphatis gr. xvj 1 1 

Syr. Eriodictyi Arom q. s. fSij 60 

M. 

Sig.— "Shake." 

Teaspoonful every three hours. 

Syrup of glycyrrhiza or syrup of chocolate may be ordered as 
the vehicle in the above. 

In the treatment of malaria (child 6 years old) : 

$ or 

Quininae Sulphatis gr. xxx 21 

Ft. cht. no. xviij. 

Sig. — Six (6) powders in chocolate syrup each day as directed. 

Bitter Solutions. — These are frequently desirable for adults and 
sometimes -for children. Some combinations are shown in the fol- 
lowing : 

As a bitter tonic to follow the intensive treatment of malaria : 

B or 

Quininae Sulphatis 3iss 6 

Tinct. Ferri Chlor f3iv 15 

Liq. Acidi Arscnosi f3ij 8 

Aquae q. s. f 5 v j 180 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water after meals. 

n or 

Quininae Sulphatis 3iss 6 

Acidi Sulph. Arom f3ij 8 

Elix. Aromatici q. s. fSvj 180 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water before meals. 

Hypodermic Use. — This method is sometimes employed, particu- 
larly when it is desirable to get the patient rapidly under the in- 
fluence of the drug. Quinine Hydrochloride is sometimes used but 
Quinine Dihydrochloride (not official) is even more desirable for 
this purpose. It is soluble in less than its own weight of water. 

Quininae Carbamas (Eng., Quinine Carbamate. Synonym, 
Quinine and Urea) and the Quininae et Ureae Hydrochloridum are 
soluble in their own weight of water, so are valuable forms for hypo- 
dermic use. Hypodermic employment is, of course, confined to the 



CIXCHOXA RUBRA. 



131 



physician himself. He may use the tablets and prepare the solutions 
extemporaneously or order them as follows : 

$ or 

Quininae Dihydrochlor 3j 410 

Sodii Chloridi gr. iss 1 1 

Aquae Destillatae q. s. f^ss 1510 

M. 

Sig. — Formula. 

Or: 



$ or 

Quin. et Urese Hydrochlor gr. xxx 

Sodii Chloridi gr. ss 

Aquae Dest q. s. f 3j 

M. 

Sig. — Formula. 



00 
03 
00 



These solutions should be given largely diluted and even then, 
it is alleged by good authority, there is frequently slow absorption, 
local irritation, and sometimes even tetanus. 

Intravenously. — Considered by many as preferable to the hypo- 
dermic method. The solution of quinine and urea hydrochloride 
for hypodermic use may be employed only largely diluted with 
normal saline. 

By Rectum. — The administration of quinine in the Murphy drip 
for constitutional effect is probably practical and worthy of more 
thorough investigation. 

Other Uses. — The salts of quinine are sometimes used in enemas, 
as the following for amebic dysentery : 

n or 

Quininae Sulphatis Sj 301 

Ft. cht. no. x. 

Sig. — Use one to y 2 gallon of warm water as directed. 

Or the following for pinworms in a child : 

3 or 

Quininae Bisulphatis gr. xxx 2 

Quassias %) 30 

Sig. — Make a tea with y 2 gallon hot water and use as directed. 

Quinine or its salts are sometimes used in hair tonics, ointments, 
etc. 



132 



CIXXAMOMUM. 



In the treatment of alopecia : 

B 1 or 

Resorcinolis gr. lxxx 

Quininae gr. xv 

Olei Ricini T1T.XX 

Alcoholis q. s. £5iv 

M. 

Sig. — Apply as directed. 



5 

1 

1 

120 



CINNAMOMUM. 

Latin, Cinnamomum. Eng., Cinnamon. 
The following are official : 



CINNAMOMUM SAIGONICUM. Eng., 
bark of an undetermined species of Cinnamomum. 
Average Dose. — 4- grains (0.250 Gm.). 



Saio-on Cinnamon. The 



Official Preparations. 

Pulvis Aromaticus. Eng., Aromatic Powder. A finely powdered mix- 
ture of Saigon Cinnamon, Ginger, Cardamom and Nutmeg. 
Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 

Fluidextractum Aromaticum. Eng., Aromatic Fluidextract. Repre- 
sents 100 per cent, of Aromatic Powder in alcohol. 
Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). 

Tinctura Cinnamomi. Eng., Tincture of Cinnamon. Represents 20 
per cent, of the drug. 

Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). 

Saigon Cinnamon also enters into several other preparations. 

CINNAMOMUM ZEYLANICUM. Eng., Ceylon Cinnamon. The 
inner bark of the shoots of Cinnamomum Zeylanicnm. 

Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). 

OLEUM CINNAMOMI. Eng., Oil of Cinnamon. Synonym, Oil of 
Cassia. A volatile oil distilled from Cassia cinnamon. 

Average Dose. — 1 minim (0.05 Cc). 

Official Preparations of the Oil. 

Aqua Cinnamomi. Eng., Cinnamon Water. Distilled water saturated 
with Oil of Cinnamon. 

Average Dose. — 4 fluidrachms (16 Cc). 

Spiritus Cinnamomi. Eng., Spirit of Cinnamon. Contains 10 per 
cent, of the oil in alcohol. 

Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). 

The oil, water and spirit are used in making other official preparations. 



iStelwagon: Diseases of the Skin. 



COCA 133 

CINNALDEHYDUM. Eng., Cinnamic Aldehyde. An aldehyde ob- 
tained from Oil of Cinnamon or prepared synthetically. 
Average Dose. — 1 minim (0.05 Cc.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Stomachic and carminative. 

Uses. — The preparations of cinnamon are used as vehicles or 
flavors. 

Administration. — With the exception of the water, which is 
much employed as a pleasant vehicle, the preparations of cin- 
namon are not often prescribed. 

As a vehicle in a prescription for rendering the urine more acid : 

B 1 or 

Acidi Benzoici : 3ij 8 

Acidi Borici 3iij 12 

Aquae Cinnamomi f 3xij 360 

M. 

Sig. — Tablespoonful in water four times daily. 

As a vehicle in a prescription for the treatment of chlorosis as- 
sociated with constipation : 

B 2 or 

Aloes Purificati gr. xl 3 

Mas. Ferri Carb 3ij 8 

Pulv. Aromatici \ . q. s. 

M. ft. cap. no. xx. 
Sig. — One at bedtime. 

COCA. 

Latin, Coca (Gen., Cocae). Eng., Coca. Synonym, Erythroxylon. 
The dried leaves of Erythroxylon coca. 

Active Constituents. — Not less than 0.5 per cent, of alkaloids, of 
which about 0.2 per cent, is cocaine. 

Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). 

Official Preparations, Alkaloid and Salts. 

Fluidextractum Cocae. Eng., Fluidextract of Coca. 
Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). 

Vinum Cocae. Eng., Wine of Coca. 
Average Dose. — 4 fluidrachms (16 Cc). 

Cocaina. Eng., Cocaine. An alkaloid obtained from Coca. 
Average Dose. — J / 2 grain (0.030 Gm.). 



1 Ashton: Practice of Gynecology. 

2 Shoemaker: Materia Medica and Therapeutics. 



134 COCA. 

Oleatum Cocainae. Eng., Oleate of Cocaine. 

Cocainae Hydrochloridum. Eng., Cocaine Hydrochloride. 

Form. — Colorless prisms, flaky leaflets or white powder. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless and having a bitter taste. 

Solubility. — In 0.4 part of water and 2.6 parts of alcohol. 

Incompatibles. — Alkalies, bromides, iodides, mercury salts, chloroform, etc. 

Cocaine Hydrochloride is used almost to the exclusion of all 
other preparations from coca. 

Therapeutic Action. — Local anesthetic, antiemetic, stimulant. 

Uses. — Chiefly employed to produce local anesthesia for sur- 
gical work; also used for pruritus, eczema, hemorrhoids, anal fis- 
sure, etc. Used to counteract unpleasant effects of other agents 
in the treatment of eye diseases, rhinitis, etc. 

Administration. — By Mouth. — It is not often prescribed in this 
way except to allay gastric irritability. The following will illustrate : 

B* or 



Cocainae Hydrochlor gr. j 

Acetanilidi gr. x 

Cerii Oxalatis gr. xx 1 

M. ft. cht. no. iv. 

Sis - . — One every two hours when indicated. 



065 
650 
300 



For Hypodermic Use. — It is used either alone or with such agents 
as Sodium Chloride or Adrenalin Chloride. Hypodermic solutions 
are not ordered for the patients' use, and the physician frequently 
employs tablets to make the solution extemporaneously. They may 
be ordered as follows : 

As a local anesthetic : 
$2 or 

Cocainae Hydrochlor gr. j 1065 

Sodii Chloridi gr. iij |200 

Adrenalin Chloridi (1 : 1000) tt\.v |300 

Aquae Destillatae q. s. fSj 30|000 

M. 

Sig. — Label. 

To prescribe percentage solutions of cocaine : 
B or 

Cocainae Hydrochlor gr. xviij 1 12 

Aquae Destillatae q. s. fSj 30|0 

M. 

Sig. — Four per cent, solution cocaine hydrochloride. 



iAshton: Practice of Gynecology. 

2 White and Martin: Genito-urinary and Venereal Diseases. 



COCA. 135 

Locally. — Cocaine is frequently a constituent in local applications. 
In the treatment of erythema venenatum : 

3 1 or 

Cocainae Hydrochlor gr. x 



Adrenalin Chloridi (1 : 1000) fSss 

Aquae Rosae q. s. f §vj 

M. 

Sig. — Apply every two hours. 



|65 
15J00 
180100 



In the treatment of conjunctival inflammation as caused by 
foreign particles, etc. : 



$ or 

Cocainae Hydrochlor gr. ij 

Adrenalin Chlor. (1 : 1000) ni.v 

Acidi Borici gr. x 

Aquae Destillatae q. s. f.§ j 

M. 

Sig. — Drop in eye every three hours till relieved. 



30 



|13 
30 
60 
00 



In the treatment of turgescent rhinitis : 

I* or 

Cocainae Hydrochlor gr. v 

Antipyrinae gr. xv 

Aquae Dest q. s. fSj 

M. 

Sig. — For physician's use. 



I 3 
1|0 

30I0 



This is usually applied on long, slender rolls of absorbent cotton 
made by rolling cotton around a probe or applicator and then slipping 
it off. They are dipped into the solution and inserted in the nose and 
allowed to remain a few minutes. 



In the treatment of erythema scarlatiniforme : 

IP or 

Cocainae Hydrochlor gr. iv 

Acetanilidi gr. xx 

Zinci Oxidi ,. 3iss 

Ung. Zinci Oxidi q. s. Sij 

M. 

Sig. — Apply thin on a cloth. 



1 Ohmann-Dumesnil: Diseases of the Skin. 

2 IMd. 



|26 

l;30 

6J00 
60100 



136 COCCUS. COLCHICUM. 

In the treatment of herpes progenitalis : 

n 1 or 

Cocainae Hydrochlor. gr. j 1065 

Mentholis gr. xij |800 

Adipis Larue Hyd q. s. §ss 151000 

M. 

Sig. — Apply locally. 

In the treatment of pruritus ani : 
R2 or 

Cocainae Hydrochlor gr. x 65 

Phenolis gr. xx 1 30 

Petrolati q. s. 5j 30 00 

M. 

Sig. — Apply locally. 

COCCUS. 

Latin, Coccus. Eng., Cochineal. The dried female insect Pseudo- 
coccus cacti. 

Used in manufacturing as a coloring agent, but not often pre- 
scribed. 

CODEINA. 

See Opium, p. 244. 

CODEINA PHOSPHAS. 

See Opium, p. 244. 

CODEINA SULPHAS. 

See Opium, p. 244. 

COLCHICUM. 

The corm and the seed are official. 
Principal Constituent. — Colchicine. 

COLCHICI CORMUS. Eng., Colchicum Corm. The dried conn of 
Colchicum autumnale. 

Official Preparation. 

Extractum Colchici Cormi. Eng., Extract of Colchicum Corm. 
Average Dose. — 1 grain (0.065 Gin.). 



i White and Martin: Genito-urinary and Venereal Diseases. 
2 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 



COLLODIUM. 137 

COLCHICI SEMEN. Eng., Colchicum Seed. The seed of Colchicum 
autumnale. 

Average Dose. — 3 grains (0.200 Gm.). 

Official Preparations. 

Fluidextractum Colchici Seminis. Eng., Fluidextract of Colchicum 
Seed. 

Average Dose. — 3 minims (0.2 Cc). 

Tinctura Colchici Seminis. Eng., Tincture of Colchicum Seed. Rep- 
resents 10 per cent, of the drug. 

Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). 

Vinum Colchici Seminis. Eng., Wine of Colchicum Seed. Repre- 
sents 10 per cent, of the drug. 

Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). 

Official Alkaloid from Colchicum. 

Colchicina. Eng., Colchicine. 

Form. — Pale-yellow leaflets or powder. 

Solubility. — In 22 parts of water. Very soluble in alcohol. 

Average Dose. — ^s grain (0.0005 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Antirheumatic, analgesic. 

Uses. — Employed in the treatment of rheumatism, gout and 
neuralgia. 

Administration. — The Wine and the Tincture are the prepara- 
tions most employed. They are usually prescribed with other 
agents, as the salicylates, etc. 

In rheumatism, gout, etc. : 

R or 

Sodii Salicylatis gr. clx 10 

Sodii Bicarbonatis '3ij 8 

Vin. Colchici Sem f3iv 15 

Aquae Menth. Pip q. s. f 3iv 120 

M. 

Sig. — Tablespoon ful every four hours. 

COLLODIUM— Collodion. 

Latin, Collodium (Gen., Collodii). Eng., Collodion. Pyroxylin, 
40 Gm. ; Ether, 750 Cc. ; Alcohol, 250 Cc. 

This is a liquid preparation, intended for external use, having 
for its base a solution of pyroxylin or gun-cotton, in a mixture of 
ether and alcohol. The following four are official : 

Collodium. — See Collodium. 

Collodium Cantharidatum. — See Cantharis. 



138 COLOCYXTHIS. 

Collodium Flexile. — See Collodium. 
Collodium Stypticum. — See Acidum Tannicum. 

Official Preparation. 

Collodium Flexile. Eng., Flexible Collodion. Collodion, 920 Gm.; 
Canada Turpentine, 50 Gm. ; Castor Oil, 30 Gm. Collodion is also con- 
tained in the other official collodions. 

Therapeutic Action. — Protective. 

Uses. — As a protective dressing for wounds and as a vehicle 
for the administration of active agents, as in the treatment of clavus 
and various skin diseases. 

Administration. — They are used locally either alone or with 
other agents. 

In the treatment of clavus : 

Bi or 

Acidi Salicylici gr. xxx 2|0 

Ext. Cannabis Ind gr. x 6 

Collodii q. s. f §ss 15 

M. 

Sig. — Apply twice daily. 

Many prescribers add about 25 per cent, of Oleum Ricini to 
collodion to render it more flexible and to prevent too rapid evapo- 
ration. 

In the treatment of psoriasis : 

W 2 or 

Chrysarobini 3j 4|0 

Acidi Salicylici gr. xx 113 

^theris f3j 410 

Olei Ricini ti\x 16 

Collodii q. s. f3ss 15 

M. 

Sig. — Paint on affected parts. 

COLOCYNTHIS. 

Latin, Colocynthis (Gen., Colocynthidis). Eng., Colocynth. 
Synonym, Bitter Apple. The peeled dried fruit of Citrullus colo- 
cynthis. 

Average Dose. — 1 grain (0.065 Gm.). 

i Stelwagou: Diseases of the Skin. 
2 Ibid. 



COXFECTIO. 



139 



Official Preparations. 

Extractum Colocynthidis. Eng., Extract of Colocynth. 
Average Dose. — 1 /2 grain (0.30 Gm.). 

Extractum Colocynthidis Compositum. Eng., Compound Extract of 
Colocynth. Extract of Colocynth, 160 Gm. ; Purified Aloes, 500 Gm. ; 
Resin of Scammony, 140 Gm.; Cardamom, 60 Gm.; Powdered Soap, 
140 Gm. A bitter, brownish powder. 

Average Dose. — 7^ grains (0.500 Gm.). 

Compound Extract of Colocynth is a constituent in the official Pilulse 
Catharticae Compositse and Pilulse Catharticse Vegetables. 

Therapeutic Action. — Purgative of the hydragogue, drastic, 
and probably cholagogue type. 

Uses. — Employed almost exclusively in combination with 
other agents to produce purgation. 

Administration. — Compound Extract of Colocynth is seldom 
prescribed alone, but it is sometimes used with other purgative 
agents. The full U. S. P. dose is not often employed. It is very 
apt to produce griping 
used: 



Combinations like the following are 



As a postoperative laxative : 

$i or 

Ext. Belladon. Fol gr. j 

Ext. Rhamni Pursh gr. xx 

Ext. Colocynth. Comp gr. xxv 

M. ft. cap. no. x. 
Sig. — One at bedtime. 



065 
300 
600 



As a purgative : 

$ or 

Hydrarg. Chlor. Mitis gr. iij 

Ext. Colocynth. Comp gr. vj 

Ext. Hyoscyami gr. j 

M. ft. cap. no. iij. 
Sig. — One every hour. 



200 
600 
065 



CONFEOTIO— Confection. 

Confections are saccharine soft solids in which one or more 
medicinal substances are incorporated with the object of affording 
an agreeable form for their administration and a convenient method 



iAshton: Practice of Gynecology. 



140 CONIUM. CONVALLARIA. COPAIBA. 

for their preservation. They are not often prescribed. The follow- 
ing two are official : 

Confectio Rosae. — See Rosa. 
Confectio Sennae. — See Senna. 

CONIUM. 

Latin, Conium (Gen., Conii). Eng.. Conium. Synonym, 
Hemlock. The full-grown but unripe fruit of Conium maculatum. 
Average Dose. — 3 grains (0.200 Gm.). 

Official Preparation. 

Fluidextractum Conii. Eng., Fluidextract of Conium. 
Average Dose. — 3 minims (0.2 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Antispasmodic, depressant. 
Uses. — Has been recommended for asthma, whooping-cough, 
croup, laryngismus stridulus and kindred conditions. 

Administration. — Conium is now seldom prescribed. 

CONVALLARIA. 

Latin, Convallaria. Eng., Convallaria. Synonym, Lilly of the 
\ r alley. The dried rhyzome and roots of Convallaria majalis. 
Average Dose. — 7y 2 grains (0.500 Gm.). 

Official Preparation. 

Fluidextractum Convallariae. Eng., Fluidextract of Convallaria. 
Average Dose. — 8 minims (0.5 Cc.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Stimulant, diuretic, purgative. 
Uses. — Has been recommended in heart disease to replace 
digitalis when that drug was not well tolerated. 
Administration. — Convallaria is seldom prescribed. 

COPAIBA. 

Latin, Copaiba (Gen., Copaibse). Eng.. Copaiba. Synonym, 
Balsam of Copaiba. An oleoresin derived from one or more species 
of Copaiba. 

Form. — A pale-yellow or brownish-yellow, more or less trans- 
parent and viscid liquid. 

Odor and Taste. — Very disagreeable. 
Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). 



CORIAXDRUM. CREOSOTUM. 141 

Official Constituent. 

Oleum Copaibae. Eng., Oil of Copaiba. 
Average Dose. — 8 minims (0.5 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Diuretic, antiseptic. 

Uses. — Its disagreeable taste and odor and disturbance of 
digestive function have caused this drug to be almost dropped 
by the profession. It has been recommended for gonorrhea, cystitis 
and kindred conditions. 

Administration. — Seldom prescribed. It is best administered 
in the ready-prepared, soft, elastic capsules. It can be obtained in 
this form either alone or with other agents, as Salol, Oil of Santal, 
etc. 

CORIANDRUM. 

Latin, Coriandrum. Eng., Coriander. The dried ripe fruit of 
Coriandrnm sativum. 

Average Dose. — 7 l / 2 grains (0.500 Gm.). 

Official Constituent. 

Oleum Coriandri. Eng., Oil of Coriander. 

Average Dose. — 8 minims (0.5 Cc). 

Solubility. — Insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol. 

Therapeutic Action. — Stomachic and carminative. 

Uses. — As a flavoring agent and recommended to prevent 
griping of purgatives. 

Administration. — Oil of Coriander is contained in several of- 
ficial preparations. Coriander or the Oil are seldom prescribed 
as such. 

CREOSOTUM. 

Latin, Creosotum (Gen., Creosoti). Eng., Creosote. A mixture 
of phenols and phenol derivatives, chiefly Guaiacol and Creosol ob- 
tained during the distillation of wood-tar, preferably of that derived 
from the beech. 

Form. — An almost colorless liquid. 

Odor and Taste. — Penetrating odor and burning taste. 

Solubility. — In 140 parts of water, but without forming a clear 
solution. Freely soluble in alcohol. 

Incompatibles. — Cupric, ferric and silver salts, acacia, albumin, 
and oxidizing agents. 

Average Dose. — 3 minims (0.2 Cc). 



142 



CREOSOTUM. 



Official Preparation. 

Aqua Creosoti. Eng., Creosote Water. Creosote, 10 Cc.; Distilled 
Water, 990 Cc. 

Average Dose. — 2 fluidrachms (8 Cc.). 



Unofficial Preparation. 

Creosoti Carbonas. Eng., Creosote Carbonate. Synonym, Creosotal. 
Contains about 90 per cent, of Creosote. 
Form. — A thick, oily liquid. 
Odor and Taste. — Odorless and a bitter taste. 
Solubility. — Insoluble in water ; soluble in alcohol. 
Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Antiseptic, germicide, expectorant, 
irritant. 

Uses. — Employed by mouth or inhalation in the treatment of 
coughs, bronchitis, pneumonia, tuberculosis, croup, etc. Locally 
it is used for toothache and for various skin diseases. 

Administration. — By Mouth. — Creosote is too powerful an 
irritant to be prescribed pure, but is frequently used in bland 
liquids, as emulsions, particularly the Emulsion of Codliver Oil 
and the Emulsion of Oil of Turpentine. 

In the treatment of tuberculosis, bronchitis, etc. : 
K or 

Creosoti f 3j 4 

Emul. 01. Morrh. cum Hypoph q. s. Oj 480 

M. tere bene. 
Sig.— "Shake." 

Tablespoonful after meals and at bedtime. 

Or: 
I£ or 

Creosoti Carbonatis f3v 19 

Emul. 01. Morrh. cum Hypoph q. s. Oj 480 

M. tere bene. 
Sig— "Shake." 

Tablespoonful after meals and at bedtime. 



3 or 

Creosoti f 3ss 2 

Emul. Petrolei fgviij 240 

M. tere bene. 
Sig— "Shake." 

Tablespoonful after meals and at bedtime. 



CREOSOTUM. 



143 



In the treatment of bronchitis : 

B 1 or 

Terebeni f3ij 

Creosoti f3ss 

Acacise q. s. 

Aquae Chlorof ormi q. s. fSiij 

M. ft. emul. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful with water every four hours. 



2 
90 



In the treatment of tuberculosis : 

$2 or 

Creosoti f 3j 4 

Tinct. Gentiana? Comp f3j 30 

Alcoholis q. s. f 5vii j 240 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water or milk after meals. 



In the treatment of tuberculosis : 
$3 or 

Creosoti Trtxxiv 

Glycerini fSij 

Tinct. Aurantii Dulc q. s. fSiij 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water or milk after meals. 



1|5 
60|0 
9010 



Creosote Carbonate being less irritating, may be administered 
alone in capsules. 

Creosote is frequently employed as an inhalation, alone or with 
other agents. A common method is to arrange for a supply of 
aqueous vapor, as in the following : 

As an inhalation in bronchitis, laryngitis, etc. 

n or 

Creosoti f 3ij 8 

Tinct. Benzoini Co q. s. fSij 60 

M. 

Sig. — Use teaspoonful to pitcher of hot water as directed. 

Patient may be given instructions, as to use for fifteen minutes every 
three hours. Children are sometimes best treated during sleep by making 
a tent out of a newspaper. 

Locally. — Creosote is a constituent of many of the toothache 
remedies, or is used alone for that purpose. 



1 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 

- Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 

s IhUl. 



144 CRESOL. CUBEBA. 



CRESOL. 



Latin, Cresol (Gen., Cresolis). Eng., Cresol. A mixture of the 
three isomeric Cresols obtained from coal-tar, freed from phenol, 
hydrocarbons and water. 

A colorless or straw-colored liquid turning yellowish brown on 
prolonged exposure to light. 

Soluble in 60 parts of water. 

Average Dose. — 1 minim (0.05 Cc). 

Official Preparation. 

Liquor Cresolis Compositus. Eng., Compound Solution of Cresol. 
Cresol, 500 Gm. ; Linseed Oil, 350 Gm.; Potassium Hydroxide, 80 Gm.; 
Water, to make 1000 Gm. 

Miscible with water in all proportions. This was introduced into the 
U. S. P. to furnish a uniform and reliable preparation to replace the numer- 
ous more or less uncertain proprietaries. 

Therapeutic Action. — Disinfectant, germicide. 

Uses. — Employed as a cleansing solution and dressing after 
labor and for infected wounds, periostitis and other infective and 
suppurative conditions. 

Administration. — The compound solution or some of the sim- 
ilar proprietary products are employed. They are prescribed 
alone and used properly diluted with water (1 : 20 to 1 : 1000). 

For local use after labor : 
$ or 

Liq. Cresolis Co fSiv 120| 

Sig.— "Poison." 

Use teaspoonful to quart of warm water as directed. 
Nurse is instructed to pour over the vulva after urination. 

This prescription, with the exception that the water is used hot, 
is used for soaking the parts in some suppurating conditions, as of 
the feet in osteoperiostitis, etc. 

CRETA PRiEPARATA. 

See Calcium, p. 101. 

CUBEBA. 

Latin, Cubeba. Eng., Cubeb. The dried, unripe but fully grown 
fruit of Piper cubeba. 

Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 



CUPRI SULPHAS. CUSSO. CYPRIPEDIUM. 145 

Official Preparations and Constituents. 

Fluidextractum Cubebae. Eng., Fluidextract of Cubeb. 
Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). 
Oleoresina Cubebae. Eng., Oleoresin of Cubeb. 
Average Dose. — iy 2 grains (0.500 Gm.). 

Trochisci Cubebae. Eng., Troches of Cubeb. Each troche contains 
about 0.02 Cc. i}/z minim) of Oleoresin of Cubeb. 
Oleum Cubebae. Eng., Oil of Cubeb. 
Average Dose. — 8 minims (0.5 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Diuretic, urinary antiseptic, irritant. 

Uses. — By mouth for gonorrhea, cystitis, etc. By mouth or 
inhalation for bronchitis, asthma, hay fever, nasal catarrh, etc. 

Administration. — By mouth it is usually prescribed in the 
form of the ready-prepared capsules, either alone or more fre- 
quently with other agents, as copaiba, salol or santal oil. It is 
used for inhalation in the form of cigarettes or of powders to 
be smoked in a pipe. 

CUPRI SULPHAS. 

Latin, Cupri Sulphas. Eng., Copper Sulphate. Synonyms, Blue 
Vitriol, Blue Stone. 

Large, deep-blue crystals. 

Average Dose. — Astringent, % grain (0.010 Gm.). Emetic, 4 
grains (0.250 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Astringent, styptic, caustic, antiseptic, 
emetic. . 

Uses. — Still frequently employed as a domestic remedy, but 
almost unused by the profession. 

CUSSO. 

Latin, Cusso. Eng., Kousso. The dried panicles of the pistil- 
late flowers of Hagenia abyssinica. 

Average Dose. — 240 grains (16 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Anthalmintic. 

Uses. — Has been particularly recommended for tapeworm. 
Almost unused. 

CYPRIPEDIUM. 

Latin, Cypripedium. Eng., Cypripedium. Synonym, Lady's 
Slipper. The dried rhyzome and roots of Cypripedium hirsutum, 
or of Cypripedium parviflorum. 

10 



146 DECOCTUM. DIGITALIS. 

Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Said to be a nerve sedative and anti- 
spasmodic. 

Uses. — Has been recommended for neurasthenia, hysteria, 
neuralgia, etc. Seldom used. 

DECOCTUM— Decoction. 

Decoctions are liquid preparations made by boiling vegetable 
substances with water. When the strength and method of prepara- 
tion are not otherwise specified, they are made by boiling 5 parts of 
the coarsely comminuted drug for fifteen minutes with enough water 
to make 100 parts. There are no official decoctions. 

DIGITALIS. 

Latin, Digitalis (Gen., Digitalis). Eng.. Digitalis. Synonym, 
Foxglove. The dried leaves of Digitalis purpurea, collected from 
plants of the second year's growth, at the commencement of 
flowering. 

Principal Constituents. — The glucocides, digitoxin, digitalin, digi- 
talein, digitonin, digitin ; tannic acid, etc. 

Average Dose. — 1 grain (0.065 Gm.). 

Official Preparations. 

Extractum Digitalis. Eng., Extract of Digitalis. About five times the 
strength of the drug. 

Average Dose. — % grain (0.010 Gm.). 

Fluidextractum Digitalis. Eng., Fluidextract of Digitalis. Made with 
diluted alcohol. 

Average Dose. — 1 minim (0.05 Cc). 

Infusum Digitalis. Eng., Infusion of Digitalis. Represents 1.5 per 
cent, of the drug. 

Average Dose. — 2 fluidrachms (8 Cc). 

Tinctura Digitalis. Eng., Tincture of Digitalis. Represents 10 per 
cent, of the drug in diluted alcohol. 
Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). 

Unofficial Preparations. 

Digitalinum. Eng., Digitalin. A glucoside obtained from Digitalis. 
Average Dose. — %oo grain (0.0006 Gm.). 

This is not to be confused with Digitalinum Germanicum. Many standard- 
ized proprietary preparations are available. 



DIGITALIS. 147 

Therapeutic Action. — Cardiac tonic and stimulant, diuretic. 

Uses. — Employed for various cardiac and renal diseases and 
conditions. 

Administration. — The physiologically tested, fat-free prepa- 
rations put out by the larger pharmaceutical houses are now 
extensively employed, and are probably the preparations of 
choice with discriminating prescribers. 

They are all apt to produce gastric disturbances. For anything 
like rapid effect it is customary to use Digitalin, or some specially 
prepared preparation, hypodermically. 

Digitalis or its preparations are usually administered only two 
or three times a day, as the effect is slow in developing, but lasting. 

The powdered Leaves, Fluidextract, Tincture, and Infusion are 
administered by mouth. Digitalin is sometimes given by mouth and 
is a convenient form for hypodermic use. The extract is seldom 
employed. 

It is claimed that the common preparations of Digitalis are very 
unreliable as to quality; so it is advised to always use a physio- 
logically tested product. 

Many of our best therapists prescribe the Fluidextract or Tinc- 
ture alone, to be administered by drops, well diluted with water, as : 

3 or 

Tincturse Digitalis fSj 301 

Sig. — Begin with twenty (20) drops as directed. 

The advantage is that the dose can be readily increased or dimin- 
ished. It must be remembered, however, that these preparations 
average about 120 drops to every 60 minims, and that this may vary 
greatly, owing to shape of dropper, temperature, etc. 

As a diuretic, the infusion is the preparation of frequent choice, 
as it has been claimed (but not proved) that water does not dissolve 
digitoxin to an appreciable extent, but does dissolve the other active 
constituents. It is used alone or with other agents, as Spirit of 
Nitrous Ether, Potassium Citrate, etc. The infusion should be 
freshly prepared. 

Some common methods of prescribing digitalis are as follows : 

In the treatment of heart disease, etc. : 

$ or 

Tinct. Digitalis, 

Tinct. Nucis Vom aa. f 3s s 15 

Sig. — Twenty (20) drops in water three times a day. 



148 DIGITALIS. 

Or: 

B or 

Tinct. Digitalis. 

Tinct. Nucis Vom aa. f 3yj 22 5 

Tinct. Cardam. Co q. s. f §iv 120 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water three times a day. 

In the treatment of chronic heart disease : 

Digitalis Pulv., 

Quininse Hydrochlor aa. gr. xv 1 

Ext. Valerianae 5j 4 

M. ft. cap. no. xxx. 

Sig. — One three times a day. 

In the treatment of chronic nephritis with anasarca : 

B or 

Digitalis Pulv., 
Scillae Pulv., 

Hydrarg. Chlor. Mitis aa. gr. xx 13 

Ext. Hyoscyami gr. x 6 

M. ft. cap. no. xx. 

Sig. — One after each meal. 

In the treatment of goiter : 

R-> or 

Extracti Digitalis gr. iv |26 

Extracti Ergotse gr. xxx 2|00 

Strychninae Sulph gr. ss |03 

Ferri Arsenatis gr. ij 13 

M. ft. cap. no. xxiv. 

Sig. — One after each meal. 

In the treatment of ascites : 

fy'i or 

Potassii Acetatis 3j 30 

Spir. iEtheris Nit f5ss 15 

Inf. Digitalis q. s. fSiv 120 

M. 

Sig. — Two (2) teaspoonfuls every six hours. 



i Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 

2 Anders: Practice of Medicine. 

3 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 



ELASTICA. ELATERINUM. 149 

In the treatment of chronic valvular disease : 

Ri or 

Potassii Acetatis 3j 4 

Infusi Digitalis q. s. fSij 60 

M. 

Sig. — Tablespoonful every three hours. 

In the treatment of acute uremia : 
1*2 or 

Pilocarpine Hydrochl gr. j 065 

Sparteinse Sulph gr. iv 260 

Inf. Digitalis fSij 60 000 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful every half-hour till desired effect. 

ELASTICA. 

Latin, Elastica. Eng., Rubber. Synonym, India Rubber. 

ELATERINUM. 

Latin, Elaterinum (Gen., Elaterini). Eng., Elaterin. A neu- 
tral principle obtained from Elaterium, a substance deposited by 
the juice of Ecballium elaterium. 

Form. — Minute white scales or crystals. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless; a slightly acrid, bitter taste. 

Solubility. — Insoluble in water ; soluble in 262 parts of alcohol. 

Average Dose. — y 10 grain (0.005 Gm.). 

Official Preparation. 

Trituratio Elaterini. Eng., Trituration of Elaterin. Contains 10 per 
cent, of the drug. 

Average Dose. — y 2 grain (0.030 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Drastic purgative. 

Uses. — Employed principally in those urgent cases when 
immediate and active purgation is desired, or when the patient 
is unable to swallow the dose of other purgatives, as in apoplexy, 
uremia and eclampsia. 

Administration. — The drug is suspended in a small amount 
of water or olive oil, and if patient is unconscious it is allowed 
to pass back to the pharynx a few drops at a time. 

1 Anders: Practice of Medicine. 
- Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 



150 ELIXIR. EMPLASTRUM. EMULSUM. ERGOTA. 

ELIXIR. 

Elixirs are aromatic, sweetened, spirituous solutions containing 
small amounts of medicinal substances. They constitute one of the 
most commonly used classes of preparations, and contribute largely 
toward the possibility of pleasant medication. The National Formu- 
lary contains many of the more popular formulae, but only three 
elixirs are official. They are as follows: 

Elixir Adjuvans. — See Glycyrrhiza. 

Elixir Aromaticum. — See Aurantium. 

Elixir Ferri, Quininae et Strychninae Phosphaturm — See Ferrum. 

EMPLASTRUM— Plaster. 

Plasters are preparations for external application, and of such 
consistence that they require heat in spreading them, and adhere to 
the skin when applied. They are not often prescribed. The follow- 
ing seven plasters are official : 

Emplastrum Adhesivum. Eng., Adhesive Plaster. 
Emplastrum Belladonnas. — See Belladonna. 
Emplastrum Capsici. — See Capsicum. 
Emplastrum Hydrargyri. — See Hydrargyrum. 
Emplastrum Opii. — See Opium. 
Emplastrum Plumbi. — See Plumbum. 
Emplastrum Saponis. — See Sapo. 

EMULSUM— Emulsion. 

Emulsions are aqueous liquids in which immiscible substances are 
held in suspension by the use of some viscid agent. The immis- 
cible substance is usually an oil and the viscid agent is usually a gum. 
There are six official emulsions, as follows : 

Emulsum Amygdalae. — See Amygdala. 
Emulsum Asafoetidae. — See Asafoetida. 
Emulsum Chloroformi. — See Chloroformum. 
Emulsum Olei Morrhuae. — See Oleum Morrhuae. 

Emulsum Olei Morrhuae cum Hypophosphitibus. — See Oleum Mor- 
rhuae. 

Emulsum Olei Terebinthinae. — See Terebinthina. 

ERGOTA. 

Latin, Ergota (Gen., Ergotse). Eng., Ergot. Synonym, Ergot 
of Rye, Rye Smut. 



ERGOTA. 151 

The sclerotium of Claviceps purpurea, a fungous growth re- 
placing the grain of rye, Secale cereale. 

Principal Constituents. — Ergotine, Tannic Acid, etc. 
Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). 

Official Preparations. 

Extractum Ergotae. Eng., Extract of Ergot. Synonym, Ergotin. 
About eight times the strength of the drug. 
Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). 

Fluidextractum Ergotae. Eng., Fluidextract of Ergot. 
Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc.). 

Vinum Ergotae. Eng., Wine of Ergot. Represents 20 per cent, of the 
drug. 

Average Dose. — 2 fiuidrachms (8 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Oxytocic, emmenagogue, haemostatic. 

Uses. — Employed after the third stage of labor to promote 
contraction of the uterus ; also for menorrhagia, metrorrhagia, 
purpura hemorrhagica, etc. 

Administration. — For temporary use, as during labor, the 
Fluidextract is the preparation usually employed. When the 
use of Ergot is to be continued for some time, it is frequently 
advisable to administer the Extract in capsules on account of the 
disagreeable taste of the drug. 

Most of the larger pharmaceutical manufacturing houses now 
physiologically test all the ergot they put on the market. Its hypo- 
dermic use has sometimes been followed by such unpleasant results 
that it should be used in this way only in cases of extreme emergency, 
and then the special aseptic hypodermic preparations should be 
employed. 

Some common methods of prescribing ergot are as follows : 

In the treatment of goiter : 



Ri or 

Extracti Digitalis gr. iv 

Extracti Ergotae 3ss 

Strychninje Sulph gr. ss 

Ferri Arsenitis gr. ij 

M. ft. cap. no. xxiv. 

Sisr. — One after each meal. 



26 
00 
03 
13 



1 Anders: Practice of Medicine. 



|065 

I 

2|000 



152 ERIODICTYON. 

In the treatment of menorrhagia and metrorrhagia: 

I* 1 or 

Strychninae Sulph gr. ss 1030 

Hydrastininae Hydrochl gr. x 650 

Extracti Ergotae gr. xl 21500 

M. ft. cap. no. xx. 

Sig. — One two hours after meals. 

In the treatment of subinvolution of the uterus : 
1*2 or 

Strychninae Sulph gr. j 

Ext. Ergotae, 

Quininae Sulph aa. gr. xxx 

M. ft. cap. no. xxx. 

Sig. — One before each meal. 

In the treatment of purpura hemorrhagica : 
1*3 or 

Extracti Ergotae gr. xv 1 

Ferri Reducti gr. xxx 2 

Quininae Sulphatis gr. lx 4 

M. ft. cap. no. xxx. 

Sig. — One after each meal. 

In the treatment of menorrhagia, metrorrhagia, etc. : 
n or 

Flext. Ergotae fSj 30 

Flext. Hydrastis, 

Tinct. Nucis Vomicae aa. fSss 15 

Tinct. Aurant. Dulc q. s. f£iv 120 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoon ful in water after meals. 



ERIODICTYON. 

Latin, Eriodictyon (Gen., Eriodictyi). Eng., Eriodictyon. 
Synonym, Yerba Santa. The dried leaves of Eriodictyon cali- 
fornicum. 

Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 



Official Preparation. 

Fluidextractum Eriodictyi. Eng., Fluidextract of Eriodictyon. 
Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). 



i Ashton: Practice of Gynecology. 

- Shoemaker: Materia Medica and Therapeutics. 

3 Ohmann-Dumesnil: Diseases of the Skin. 



EUCALYPTUS. 153 

National Formulary Preparations. 

Elixir Eriodictyi Aromaticum. Eng., Aromatic Elixir of Eriodictyon. 
Represents 6.25 per cent, of the drug with aromatics. 

Average Dose. — 2 fluidrachms (8 Cc). 

Syrupus Eriodictyi Aromaticus. Eng., Aromatic Syrup of Eriodictyon. 
Represents 3.2 per cent, of the drug with aromatics. 

Average Dose. — 2 fluidrachms (8 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Classed as an expectorant and tonic. 

Uses. — Employed almost exclusively to disguise the taste of 
quinine. 

Administration. — For disguising the taste of quinine, the 
Aromatic Syrup is preferable. The Aromatic Elixir is also some- 
times used. The taste of Eriodictyon itself is very objectionable 
to some patients. 

n or 

Quininse Sulphatis gr. xx 113 

Syr. Eriodictyi Aronl q. s. f Si j 6010 

M. 

Sig.— "Shake." 

Teaspoonful every three hours. 

EUCALYPTUS. 

Latin, Eucalyptus. Eng., Eucalyptus. The dried leaves of 
Eucalyptus globulus. 

Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). 

Official Preparation and Constituents. 

Fluidextractum Eucalypti. Eng., Fluidextract of Eucalyptus. 
Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). 

Oleum Eucalypti. Eng., Oil of Eucalyptus. 
Average Dose. — 8 minims (0.5 Cc). 

Eucalyptol. Eng., Eucalyptol. An organic oxide obtained from the 
Oil of Eucalyptus and other sources. A colorless liquid, very slightly 
soluble in water; soluble in alcohol. 

Average Dose. — 5 minims (0.3 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Antiseptic, rubefacient, expectorant, 
antispasmodic. 

Uses. — Principally employed in sprays or inhalations for nasal 
catarrh, acute rhinitis, hay fever, asthma, bronchitis, etc. Some- 
times used externally in the treatment of ulcers and various 
skin diseases. 



154 EUGEXOL. EUOXYMUS. EUPATORIUM. 

Administration. — Eucalyptol and the Oil of Eucalyptus are 
frequently employed in oily sprays. Liquid petrolatum is an ex- 
cellent vehicle. If used in aqueous solutions the quantity must 
be comparatively small. For external use they may be pre- 
scribed in bland oils, or such ointment vehicles as Petrolatum. 



26 



26 
00 



B or 

Camphorae gr. iv 

Eucalyptolis, 
01. Pini Syl., 

01. Menth. Pip aa. gtt. iv 

Petrolati Liq q. s. f 3iv 120 

M. 

Sig. — Spray nose and throat every three hours. 

EUGENOL. 

See Caryophyllus, p. 114. 

EUONYMUS. 

Latin, Euonymus. Eng., Euonymus. Synonym, Wahoo. The 
dried bark of the root of Euonymus atro purpureas. 
Average Dose. — 7y 2 grains (0.500 Gm.). 

Official Preparations. 

Extractum Euonymi. Eng., Extract of Euonymus. 
Average Dose. — 2 grains (0.125 Gm.). 

Fluidextractum Euonymi. Eng., Fluidextract of Euonymus. 
Average Dose. — 8 minims (0.5 Cc.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Purgative, diuretic, expectorant. 
Uses. — Recommended in certain forms of dyspepsia, consti- 
pation and related conditions. Seldom employed. 

EUPATORIUM. 

Latin, Eupatorium. Eng., Eupatorium. Synonym, Boneset, 
Thoroughwort. The dried leaves and flower-tops of Eupatorium 
perfoliatum. 

Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). 

Official Preparation. 

Fluidextractum Eupatorii. Eng., Fluidextract of Eupatorium. 
Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). 



EXTRACTUM. 



FEL BOVIS. 



155 



Therapeutic Action. — Classed as a mild tonic, diuretic, dia- 
phoretic. 

Uses. — A household remedy for the treatment of coryza, 
influenza, etc. Seldom prescribed. 

EXTRACTUM— Extract. 

Extracts are solid or semisolid preparations produced by evap- 
orating solutions of vegetable principles. The official extracts are 
either powders or soft solids. The majority of them can be ob- 
tained in powdered form and many prescribers prefer them that way. 
Extracts are usually about five times the strength of the crude drug. 
The following twenty-eight are official : 

Extractum Aloes. — See Aloes. 

Extractum Belladonnae Foliorum. — See Belladonna. 

Extractum Cannabis Indicae. — See Cannabis Indica. 

Extractum Cimicifugae. — See Cimicifuga. 

Extractum Colchici Cormi. — See Colchicum. 

Extractum Colocynthidis. — See Colocynthis. 

Extractum Colocynthidis Compositum. — See Colocynthis. 

Extractum Digitalis. — See Digitalis. 

Extractum Ergotae. — See Ergota. 

Extractum Euonymi. — See Euonymus. 

Extractum Gentianae. — See Gentiana. 

Extractum Glycyrrhizae. — See Glycyrrhiza. 

Extractum Glycyrrhizae Purum. — See Glycyrrhiza. 

Extractum Haematoxyli. — See Haematoxylon. 

Extractum Hyoscyami. — See Hyoscyamus. 

Extractum Kmrneriae. — See Krameria. 

Extractum Leptandrae. — See Leptandra. 

Extractum Malti. — See Maltum. 

Extractum Nucis Vomicae. — See Xux Vomica. 

Extractum Opii. — See Opium. 

Extractum Physostigmatis. — See Physostigma. 

Extractum Quassiae. — See Quassia. 

Extractum Rhamni Purshianae. — See Rhamnus Purshiana. 

Extractum Rhei. — See Rheum. 

Extractum Scopolae. — See Scopola. 

Extractum Stramonii. — See Stramonium. 

Extractum Sumbul. — See Sumbul. 

Extractum Taraxaci. — See Taraxacum. 



FEL BOVIS. 

Latin, Fel Bovis (Gen., Fellis Bovis) 
bile of Bos taurus. 

A brownish-green or dark-green liquid. 



Eng., Oxgall. 



The fresh 



156 FERRUM. 

Official Preparation. 

Fel Bovis Purificatum. Eng., Purified Oxgall. A yellowish-green, soft 
solid. 

Average Dose. — 7y 2 grains (0.500 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Cholagogue, purgative and intestinal 
antiseptic. 

Uses. — It is generally prescribed with other purgative agents, 
particularly for intestinal indigestion, tympanites, etc. 

Administration. — The unofficial Fel Bovis Inspissatus — Eng., 
Inspissated (dried) Oxgall — is probably more frequently employed 
than the other forms. The average dose is about 5 grains 
(0.35 Gm.). 

Hydrarg. Chlor. Mitis, 
Fel. Bovis Insp., 

Rhei Pulv aa. gr. v 

Ext. Hyoscyami gr. j 

M. ft. cap. no. iij. 

Sig. — One every two hours. 

FERRUM. 

Latin, Ferrum (Gen., Ferri). Eng., Iron. 

Official Preparations and Salts. 

FERRUM REDUCTUM. Eng., Reduced Iron. Synonyms, Iron by 
Hydrogen, Black Iron. Contains not less than 90 per cent, of metallic 
Iron. 

Form. — A grayish-black, granular powder. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless and Tasteless. 

Solubility. — Insoluble in water or alcohol. 

Incompatibles. — Oxidizing agents, salts of antimony, bismuth, copper, lead, 
mercury and silver. 

Average Dose. — 1 grain (0.065 Gm.). 

FERRI CARBONAS SACCHARATUS. Eng., Saccharated Ferrous 
Carbonate. A brownish powder containing about 15 per cent, of Ferrous 
Carbonate. 

Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). 

MASSA FERRI CARBONATIS. Eng., Mass of Ferrous Carbonate. 
Synonym, Vallet's Mass. A soft, dark-colored mass containing about 50 
per cent, of Ferrous Carbonate. 

Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). 

MISTURA FERRI COMPOSITA. Eng., Compound Iron Mixture. 
Synonym, Griffith's Mixture. Contains Iron in the form of Ferrous 
Carbonate. 

Average Dose. — 4 fluidrachms (16 Cc). 



FERRUM. 157 

PILULE FERRI CARBONATIS. Eng, Pills of Ferrous Carbonate. 
Synonyms, BlaucTs Pills, Ferruginous Pills, Chalybeate Pills. Each pill 
contains about 1 grain of Ferrous Carbonate. 

Average Dose. — 2 pills. 

FERRI CHLORIDUM. Eng., Ferric Chloride. Synonym, Iron Per- 
chloride. 

Average Dose. — 1 grain (0.065 Gm.). 

Liquor Ferri Chloridi. Eng., Solution of Ferric Chloride. 
Average Dose. — \y 2 minims (0.1 Cc). 

Tinctura Ferri Chloridi. Eng., Tincture of Ferric Chloride. A hydro- 
alcoholic liquid containing some free acid and not less than 13.28 per 
cent, of Ferric Chloride. 

Average Dose. — 8 minims (0.5 Cc). 

FERRI CITRAS. Eng., Ferric Citrate. 
Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). 

FERRI ET AMMONII CITRAS. Eng., Iron and Ammonium Citrate. 
Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). 

Vinum Ferri. Eng., Wine of Iron. 
Average Dose. — 2 rluidrachms (8 Cc). 

FERRI ET QUININE CITRAS. Eng, Iron and Quinine Citrate. 
Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). 

FERRI ET QUININE CITRAS SOLUBILIS. Eng, Soluble Iron 
and Quinine Citrate. 

Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). 

Vinum Ferri Amarum. Eng, Bitter Wine of Iron. 
Average Dose. — 2 rluidrachms (8 Cc). 

FERRI ET STRYCHNINE CITRAS. Eng, Iron and Strychnine 
Citrate. 

Average Dose. — 2 grains (0.125 Gm.). 

FERRI ET AMMONII SULPHAS. Eng, Ferric Ammonium Sul- 
phate. Synonyms, Ferric Alum, Ammonio-ferric Alum. 

Average Dose. — 7 l /2 grains (0.500 Gm.). 

FERRI ET AMMONII TARTRAS. Eng, Iron and Ammonium 
Tartrate. 

Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). 

FERRI ET POTASSII TARTRAS. Eng, Iron and Potassium 
Tartrate. 

Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). 

FERRI PHOSPHAS SOLUBILIS. Eng, Soluble Ferric Phosphate. 
Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). 

Glyceritum Ferri, Quininae et Strychninae Phosphatum. Eng, Glycer- 
ite of the Phosphates of Iron, Quinine and Strychnine. 
Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). 

Elixir Ferri, Quininae et Strychninae Phosphatum. Eng, Elixir of the 
Phosphates of Iron, Quinine and Strychnine. Soluble Ferric Phosphate, 



158 FERRUM. 

17.500 Gm.; Quinine, 8.750 Gm.; Strychnine, 0.275 Gm.; Aromatic Elixir, 
etc., to make 1000 Cc. 

Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). 

Syrupus Ferri, Quininae et Strychninae Phosphatum. Eng., Syrup of 
the Phosphates of Iron, Quinine and Strychnine. 
Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). 

FERRI PYROPHOSPHAS SOLUBILIS. Eng, Soluble Ferric Pyro- 
phosphate. 

Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). 

FERRI HYDROXIDUM. Eng, Ferric Hydroxide. 
Ferri Hydroxidum cum Magnesii Oxido. Eng, Ferric Hydroxide 
with Magnesium Oxide. 

Average Dose. — Arsenical antidote — 4 fluidounces (120 Cc). 

FERRI HYPOPHOSPHIS. Eng, Ferric Hypophosphite. 
Average Dose. — 3 grains (0.200 Gm.). 

SYRUPUS FERRI IODIDI. Eng, Syrup of Ferrous Iodide. Con- 
tains about 5 per cent, by weight of Ferrous Iodide. 

Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). 

PILULE FERRI IODIDI. Eng, Pills of Ferrous Iodide. Each pill 
contains about 1 grain of Ferrous Iodide. 

Average Dose. — 2 pills. 

FERRI SULPHAS. Eng, Ferrous Sulphate. Synonyms, Green Vit- 
riol; if impure, Copperas. 

Average Dose. — 3 grains (0.200 Gm.). 

Ferri Sulphas Exsiccatus. Eng, Exsiccated Ferrous Sulphate. 100 
parts of Ferrous Sulphate are deprived of water of crystallization till the 
weight is reduced to 65 parts. A grayish-white powder. 

Average Dose. — 2 grains (0.125 Gm.). 

Ferri Sulphas Granulatus. Eng, Granulated Ferrous Sulphate. A 
greenish, granular powder. 

Average Dose. — 3 grains (0.200 Gm.). 

Liquor Ferri Subsulphatis. Eng, Solution of Ferric Subsulphate. 
Synonym, Monsel's Solution. 

Average Dose. — 3 minims (0.2 Cc). 

Liquor Ferri Tersulphatis. Eng, Solution of Ferric Sulphate. 

LIQUOR FERRI ET AMMONII ACETATIS. Eng, Solution of 
Iron and Ammonium Acetate. Synonym, Basham's Mixture. 
Average Dose. — 4 fluidrachms (16 Cc). 

Unofficial Preparations. 

Compound Glycerophosphates in the form of the syrup, elixir or solution 
(without sugar) have about the same formula as the Compound Syrup of 
Hypophosphites (see p. 26) except that the glycerophosphates instead of 
the hypophosphites are used. They seem to be excellent pharmaceutical 
products. The preparation without sugar is particularly popular. 

Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). 



FERRUM. 159 

LIQUOR FERRI PEPTONATI CUM MANGANO. Eng., Solution 
of Peptonate of Iron with Manganese. 

A National Formulary preparation frequently prescribed. 
Average Dose. — 2 fluidrachms (8 Cc.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Tonic, hsematinic. The iodide is also 
alterative and the chloride, sulphate and some others are 
astringent and styptic. Most of the solutions of iron are anti- 
septic or disinfectant. 

Uses. — Internally the preparations of iron are employed in 
the treatment of anemia, chlorosis, malaria, amenorrhea, ery- 
sipelas and many; other conditions. Locally, they are used for 
tonsillitis, pharyngitis, diphtheria, epistaxis, gastric ulcer, etc. 

Administration. — The medicinal use of the preparations of 
Iron are confined almost altogether to administration by mouth. 
They are usually either given alone or associated only with the 
salts of metals or alkaloids. Administration may be either in 
solid form or in solution. 

Solid Form. — Where comparatively large amounts of iron are to 
be given, or the use continued for an extended time, this is usually 
the most desirable form on account of the action of iron on the teeth 
and the unpleasant taste of most of the liquid preparations. Re- 
duced Iron, the Exsiccated Ferrous Sulphate, the Mass of Ferrous 
Carbonate, Pills of Ferrous Carbonate and the Pills of Ferrous 
Iodide are employed, but the latter are particularly apt to deteriorate 
with age, and they are so infrequently used that it is usually hard to 
find a fresh stock on the shelves of the average pharmacy. 

It should be remembered that the Mass of Ferrous Carbonate is a 
soft solid ; so, while it can be dispensed in capsules alone or with 
other agents, it will first have to be made into pill form. 

The Pills of Ferrous Carbonate are on the market in all sizes, 
from about 2 to 5 grains. The "5-grain" pill, which contains about 
1 grain of the Ferrous Carbonate, is the official pill and is what is 
dispensed unless some other size is specified. It has been claimed 
that these pills soon become insoluble if kept, but this does not seem 
to be the case if they are well made. 

In the treatment of chlorosis : 

Pil. Ferri Carbonatis no. c 

Sig. — One after each meal. 

This is the most economical way of administering Ferrous Carbonate. 



160 



FERRUM. 



In the treatment of chlorosis, etc. : 

R or 

Ferri Sulphatis Gran gr. cc 12 

Potassii Carbonatis : gr. c 6 

M. ft. cap. no. l. 

Sig. — One after each meal. 

Strychnine, arsenic, etc., may also be ordered in the above. This forms 
the fresh carbonate and liberates water of crystallization, producing a moist 
mixture, which has to be made into a mass before putting into capsules. 

In the treatment of anemia. : 

Ri or 

Ferri Sulph. Exsic, 

Potassii Bicarb aa. 3j 41 

M. ft. cap. no. xxiv. 
Sig. — One after each meal. 
The idea here is to have the fresh Ferrous Carbonate formed in the 
stomach. 

In the treatment of amenorrhea (to be used 6 days preceding 
expected period) : 



R- ? or 

Aloini gr. ij 

Mas. Ferri Carb gr. xxx 

Apiol f3j 

M. ft. cap. no. xij. 

Sig. — One morning and evening. 



13 
00 
00 



In the treatment of chlorosis associated with constipation 
ft 3 or 

Aloes Purificati gr. xl 3 

Mas. Ferri Carb 3ij 8 

Pulv. Aromatici q. s. 

M. ft. cap. no. xx. 
Sig. — One at bedtime. 

In the treatment of purpura hemorrhagica : 
fy* or 

Extracti Ergotae gr. xv 1 

Ferri Reducti gr. xxx 2 

Quininae Sulphatis gr. lx 4 

M. ft. cap. no. xxx. 

Sig. — One after each meal. 



i Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 

2 Shoemaker: Materia Medica and Therapeutics. 

3 Ibid. 

4 Ohmann-Dumesnil: Diseases of the Skin. 



FERRUM. 



161 



As a tonic, particularly in the treatment of malaria 



Strychninae Sulphatis gr. j 

Arseni Trioxidi gr. ij 

Quininse Sulphatis gr. c 

Ferri Reducti gr. c 

M. ft. cap. no. l. 

Sig-. — One after each meal. 



or 



065 
130 
000 
000 



Massa Ferri Carbonatis in four-grain doses may be used instead of the 
Ferrum Reductum. 



In the treatment of neurasthenia, hysteria, etc. : 

Ri or 

Arseni Trioxidi gr. ss 

Asafoetida Pulv gr. x 

Ext. Sumbul, 

Ferri Sulph. Exsic aa. gr. xx 

M. ft. cap. no. xx. 

Sig. — One after each meal. 



03 
65 

30 



In the treatment of syphilis : 

Massse Hydrargyri gr. xl 

Ferri Sulph. Exsic gr. xx 

Extracti Opii gr. v 

M. ft. cap. no. xx. 

Sig. — One after each meal. 



or 



In the treatment of goiter : 

Extracti Digitalis gr. iv 

Ext. Ergotae 3ss 

Strychninae Sulph gr. ss 

Ferri Arsenatis gr. ij 

M. ft. cap. no. xxiv. 

Sig. — One after each meal. 



or 



26 
00 
03 
13 



1 Shoemaker: Materia Medica and Therapeutics. 

2 White and Martin: Genito-urinary and Venereal Diseases. 

3 Anders: Practice of Medicine. 



11 



162 FERRUM. 

As a postoperative tonic : 

B 1 or 

Hydrarg. Chlor. Corros., 

Arseni Trioxidi aa. gr. j 

Ext. Xucis Vomicae gr. xxv 

Ferri et Quin. Cit gr. cc 

M. ft. cap. no. c. 

Sig. — One after each meal. 



1 

13 



065 
600 
000 



In Solution. — Solutions of Iron Salts should be taken well diluted 
and through a tube, and the teeth well cleaned after each adminis- 
tration. 

The Tincture of Ferric Chloride, the Syrup of Ferrous Iodide, 
the Elixir of Iron. Quinine and Strychnine and the Compound Syrup 
of Hypophosphites (see p. 26) are the preparations most frequently 
employed. 

The Syrup of Ferrous Iodide is usually prescribed alone. It is 
the most alterative preparation of iron. It may be ordered with 
directions to be taken by drops or it may be prescribed diluted 
with syrup, distilled water or aromatic elixir, so that a teaspoonful 
represents the desired dose. Where its use is to be continued for 
some time the former method is more economical for the patient, 
and possesses the further advantage that the dose can be readily in- 
creased or diminished. A typical prescription for a child of 5 years 
would be : 



Syr. Ferri Iodidi fSj 

Sig. — Five (5) drops in water after meals. 



or 



301 



The Tincture of Ferric Chloride is used alone or with other 
agents. The U. S. P. average dose is frequently exceeded. 

For example, the following is sometimes used empyrically in 
erysipelas : 



Tinct. Ferri Chlor., . 

Elixir Aromatici aa. f 5j 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water every four (4) hours. 



or 



30 



1 Ashton: Practice of Gynecology. 



FERRUM. 



163 



Some combinations are as follows : 

As a tonic in the treatment of anemia, etc. : 

R or 

Hydrarg. Chlor. Corro; gr. ij 1 13 

Liq. Acidi Arsenosi f3ij 8|00 

Tinct. Ferri Chlor fSiv 15|00 

Acidi Hydrochl. Dil f3iv 15|00 

Glycerini fSj 30|00 

Aquas Dest q. s. f§vj 180|00 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water after meals. 



As a tonic, particularly in malaria : 

U or 

Quinina? Sulphatis gr. xc 

Liq. Acidi Arsenosi 3ij 

Tinct. Ferri Chlor f3iv 

Glycerini f3j 

Aquae q. s. f 5vj 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water after meals. 



15 

30 

180 



In an aperient preparation for the treatment of comedo : 

B 1 or 

Magnesii Sulphatis 3iss 451 

Ferri Sulphatis gr. xvj 1 

Acidi Sulph. Dil 3ij 8| 

Aquae q. s. fSviij 2401 

M. 

Sig. — Tablespoonful in water before breakfast. 

In the treatment of stomatitis : 

$2 or 

Potassii Chloratis gr. xxiv 1 5 

Tinct. Ferri Chlor ttlxxxvj 2 5 

Syr. Zingiberis fEss 15 

Aquae q. s. f Sii j 90 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water every two hours. ■ 



1 Ohmann-Dumesnil: Diseases of the Skin. 
2 Ruhrah: . Diseases of Children. 



164 



F1CUS. 



In the treatment of diphtheria : 

B 1 or 

Hydrarg. Chlor. Corros gr. ss 

Tinct. Ferri Chlor " f Sij 8 

Glycerini £§ss 15 

Aquae Dest q. s. f Siij 90 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water every two hours. 



03 
00 
00 
00 



In the treatment of tonsillitis, pharyngitis, etc. : 

n or 

Potassii Chloratis gr. xl 2|5 

Tinct. Ferri Chlor f3ij 8|0 

Acidi Sulphurosi f3iij 12 

Glycerini f3iv 15 JO 

Aquae q. s. f3vj 180|0 

M. 

Sig. — Tablespoonful in tablespoonful of water every four hours. 

The Elixir of Iron, Quinine and Strychnine Phosphate, the Com- 
pound Syrup of Hypophosphites, the Glycerophosphates Compound 
and the Solution of the -Peptonate of Iron with Manganese are used 
where a more pleasant preparation is desired and the action of the 
other agents included is also indicated. They are usually prescribed 
alone. 



As a tonic, etc. : 

Elix. Ferri, Quin. et Strych. Phos. . . . 
Sig. — Teaspoonful in water after meals. 



or 



fBviij 



2401 



As a tonic, etc. : 
n or 

Liq. Ferri Pep. cum Mang fSviij 240[ 

Sig. — Two (2) teaspoonfuls in water after meals. 

In smaller doses this is frequently administered to children. Arsenic 
Trioxide, Strychnine Sulphate, etc., may be added as indicated. 

FICUS. 

Latin, Ficus. Eng., Fig. The partially dried fruit of Ficus 
carica. 

Therapeutic Action. — Laxative. 
Uses. — Seldom prescribed. 



1 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 



FLUIDEXTRACTUM. 165 

FLUIDEXTRAOTUM— Fluidextract. 

These are solutions of the soluble constituents of organic drugs of 
such strength that each cubic centimeter represents one gram of 
the drug. The majority of the fluidextracts contain a comparatively 
large per cent, of alcohol and many of these give precipitates with 
water. Most of them contain tannic acid, so should not be used 
with agents incompatible with that drug. The following eighty-five 
fluidextracts are official : 

Fluidextractum Aconiti. — See Acontium. 
Fluidextractum Aromaticum. — See Cinnamomum. 
Fluidextractum Apocyni. — See Apocynum. 
Fluidextractum Aurantii Amari. — See Aurantium. 
Fliudextractum Belladonna? Radicis. — See Belladonna. 
Fluidextractum Berberis. — See Berberis. 
Fluidextractum Buchu. — See Buchu. 
Fluidextractum Calami. — See Calamus. 
Fluidextractum Calumbae. — See Calumba. 
Fluidextractum Cannabis Indicae. — See Cannabis Indica. 
Fluidextractum Capsici. — See Capsicum. 
Fluidextractum Chimaphilae. — See Chimaphila. 
Fluidextractum Chiratae. — See Chirata. 
Fluidextractum Cimicifugae. — See Cimicifuga. 
Fluidextractum Cinchonae. — See Cinchona. 
Fluidextractum Colchici Seminis. — See Colchicum. 
Fluidextractum Cocas. — See Coca. 
Fluidextractum Conii. — See Conium. 
Fluidextractum Convallariae. — See Convallaria. 
Fluidextractum Cubebae. — See Cubeba. 
Fluidextractum Cypripedii. — See Cypripedium. 
Fluidextractum Digitalis. — See Digitalis. 
Fluidextractum Ergotae. — See Ergota. 
Fluidextractum Eriodictyi. — See Eriodictyon. 
Fluidextractum Eucalypti. — See Eucalyptus. 
Fluidextractum Euonymi. — See Euonymus. 
Fluidextractum Eupatorii. — See Eupatorium. 
Fluidextractum Frangulae. — See Frangula. 
Fluidextractum Gentianae. — See Gentiana. 
Fluidextractum Geranii. — See Geranium. 
Fluidextractum Glycyrrhizae. — See Glycyrrhiza. 
Fluidextractum Granati. — See Granatum. 
Fluidextractum Grindeliae. — See Grindelia. 
Fluidextractum Guaranae. — See Guarana. 
Fluidextractum Hamamelidis Foliorum. — See Hamamelis. 
Fluidextractum Hydrastis. — See Hydrastis. 
Fluidextractum Hyoscyami. — See Hyoscyamus. 
Fluidextractum Ipecacuanhae. — See Ipecacuanha. 



166 FLUIDEXTRACTUM. 

Fluidextractum Krameriae. — See Krameria. 
Fluidextractum Lappae. — See Lappa. 
Fluidextractum Leptandrae. — See Leptandra. 
Fluidextractum Lobeliae. — See Lobelia. 
Fluidextractum Lupulini. — See Lupulinum. 
Fluidextractum Matico. — See Matico. 
Fluidextractum Mezerei. — See Mezereum. 
Fluidextractum Nucis Vomicae. — See Nux Vomica. 
Fluidextractum Pareirae. — See Pareira. 
Fluidextractum Phytolaccae. — See Phytolacca. 
Fluidextractum Pilocarpi. — See Pilocarpus. 
Fluidextractum Podophylli. — See Podophyllum. 
Fluidextractum Pruni Virginianas. — See Prunus Virginiana. 
Fluidextractum Quassias. — See Quassia. 
Fluidextractum Quillajae. — See Quillaja. 

Fluidextractum Rhamni Purshianae. — See Rhamnus Purshiana. 
Fluidextractum Rhamni Purshianae Aromaticum. — See Rhamnus Pur- 
shiana. 

Fluidextractum Rhei. — See Rheum. 

Fluidextractum Rhois Glabrae. — See Rhus Glabra. 

Fluidextractum Rosae. — See Rosa. 

Fluidextractum Rubi. — See Rubus. 

Fluidextractum Sabinae. — See Sabina. 

Fluidextractum Sanguinariae. — See Sanguiuaria. 

Fluidextractum Sarsaparillae. — See Sarsaparilla. 

Fluidextractum Sarsaparillae Compositum. — See Sarsaparilla. 

Fluidextractum Scillae. — See Scilla. . 

Fluidextractum Scopolae. — See Scopola. 

Fluidextractum Scutellariae. — See Scutellaria. 

Fluidextractum Senegae. — See Senega. 

Fluidextractum Sennae. — See Senna. 

Fluidextractum Serpentariae. — See Serpentaria. 

Fluidextractum Spigeliae. — See Spigelia. 

Fluidextractum Staphisagriae. — See Staphisagria. 

Fluidextractum Stillingiae. — See Stillingia. 

Fluidextractum Stramonii. — See Stramonium. 

Fluidextractum Sumbul. — See Sumbul. 

Fluidextractum Taraxaci. — See Taraxacum. 

Fluidextractum Tritici. — See Triticum. 

Fluidextractum Uvae Ursi. — See Uva Ursi. 

Fluidextractum Veratri. — See Veratrum. 

Fluidextractum Valerianae. — See Valeriana. 

Fluidextractum Viburni Opuli. — See Viburnum Opulus. 

Fluidextractum Viburni Prunifolii. — See Viburnum Prunifolium. 

Fluidextractum Xanthoxyli. — See Xanthoxylum. 

Fluidextractum Zingiberis. — See Zingiber. 



FGEXICULUM. FORMALDEHYDUM. FRANGULA. 167 

F(ENICULUM. 

Latin, Foeniculum. Eng., Fennel. The dried, nearly ripe fruit of 
Fceniculum vulgare. 

Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 

Official Constituents and Preparations. 

Oleum Fceniculi. Eng., Oil of Fennel. 
Average Dose. — 3 minims (0.2 Cc). 

Aqua Foeniculi. Eng., Fennel Water. 
Average Dose. — 4 fiuidrachms (16 Cc.). 

Fennel and the Oil of Fennel are contained in several official 
preparations. 

Therapeutic Action. — Classed as a stomachic, carminative, 
galactagogue, diuretic, etc. 

Uses. — Principally used in combination with other agents as 
a flavor and possibly to prevent the griping of purgatives. Sel- 
dom prescribed as such. 

FORMALDEHYDUM. 

Official in the form of the solution given below. 

Liquor Formaldehydi. Eng., Solution of Formaldehyde. Synonym, 
Formalin. A colorless, aqueous solution containing not less than 37 per 
cent, by weight of absolute Formaldehyde (HCOH.) 

Therapeutic Action. — Antiseptic, disinfectant. 

This preparation is, of course, extensively used by the profession, 
but is seldom prescribed. It is the most desirable agent for disin- 
fecting rooms, clothing, etc., as it does not damage or decolorize 
material. Special "generators" are usually employed for liberating 
the gas from solution. For rooms about 1 pint is used for each 
1000 cubic feet of space. 

Formaldehyde Torches are a convenient form for use. They contain 
paraformaldehyde, a solid condensation product of formaldehyde, and the 
gas is liberated by heat. 

FRANGULA. 

Latin, Frangula. Eng., Frangula. Synonym, Buckthorn. The 
dried bark of Rliammis frangula. 

Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 



168 GALLA. GAMBIR. 

Official Preparation. 

Fluidextractum Frangulae. Eng., Fluidextract of Frangula. 
Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Laxative. 

Uses. — Chronic constipation. Seldom prescribed. 

GALLA. 

Latin, Galla. Eng., Nutgall. An excrescence on Quercus infec- 
toria caused by the punctures and deposited ova of Cynips tinctoria. 

Principal Constituents. 
Tannic Acid, Gallic Acid, etc. 

Official Preparations. 

Tinctura Gallae. Eng., Tincture of Nutgall. Represents 20 per cent, 
of the drug. 

Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). 

Unguentum Gallae. Eng., Nutgall Ointment. Contains 20 per cent, of 
the drug. 

Therapeutic Action. — Astringent, styptic. 

Uses. — Almost unused as such. See Tannic and Gallic Acids. 

GAMBIR. 

Latin, Gambir. Eng., Gambir. An extract prepared from the 
leaves and twigs of Ourouparia gambir. 
Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 

Official Preparations. 

Tinctura Gambir Composita. Eng., Compound Tincture of Gambir. 
Represents Gambir, 5 per cent.; Cinnamon, 2.5 per cent. 
Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). 

Trochisci Gambir. Eng., Troches of Gambir. Each troche contains 
about 0.06 Gm. (1 grain) of the drug. 

Therapeutic Action. — Astringent. 

Uses. — Used in the treatment of diarrhea, hemorrhoids, 
epistaxis, etc. 

Administration. — The Compound Tincture is the preparation 
of choice. Its most common use is as an intestinal astringent, 
in which case it is usually prescribed with other agents, as bis- 
muth subnitrate, chalk mixture, etc. 



GELATINUM. GELSEMIUM. GENTIANA. 169 

GELATINUM. 

Latin, Gelatinum. Eng,, Gelatin. The purified, air-dried prod- 
uct of the hydrolysis of certain animal tissues, as skin, ligaments, 
and bones, by treatment with boiling water. 

An amorphous, more or less transparent solid. 

Official Preparation. 

Gelatinum Glycerinatum. Eng., Glycerinated Gelatin. Contains 50 per 
cent, of gelatin. 

GELSEMIUM. 

Latin, Gelsemium. Eng., Gelsemium. Synonyms, Yellow 
Jasmine, Carolina Jasmine. The dried rhizome and roots of Gelse- 
mium sempervirens. 

Average Dose. — 1 grain (0.065 Gm.). 

Official Preparations. 

Fluidextractum Gelsemii. Eng., Fluidextract of Gelsemium. 
Average Dose. — 1 minim (0.05 Cc.). 

Tinctura Gelsemii. Eng., Tincture of Gelsemium. Represents 10 per 
cent, of the drug. 

Average Dose. — 8 minims (0.5 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Classed as a nervine, sedative, antispas- 
modic, antiperiodic. 

Uses. — Recommended for headache, migraine, neuralgia, dys- 
menorrhea, asthma, whooping-cough, chorea, laryngismus stridulus, 
etc. 

Administration. — It is usually recommended in the form of 
the tincture to be prescribed alone. Not often employed. 

GENTIANA. 

Latin, Gentiana (Gen., Gentianae). Eng., Gentian. The dried 
rhizome and roots of Gentiana lutca. 
Average dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 

Official Preparations. 

Extractum Gentianae. Eng., Extract of Gentian. 
Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). 

Fluidextractum Gentianae. Eng., Fluidextract of Gentian. 
Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). 



170 



GEXTIAXA. 



Tinctura Gentianae Composita. Eng., Compound Tincture of Gentian. 
Gentian, 100 Gm. ; Bitter Orange-peel, 40 Gm. ; Cardamom, 10 Gm. ; Alco- 
hol, 600 Cc. ; Water, to make 1000 Cc. 

Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Bitter tonic, stomachic. 

Uses. — Employed as a simple bitter, usually in combination 
with more active agents. 

Administration. — The use of Gentian is practically confined 
to the employment of the Extract in pill masses, and the Com- 
pound Tincture as a vehicle. Some combinations are as follows: 

In tonic pills or capsules : 

$ or 

Strychninae Sulph gr. ss 030 

Arseni Trioxidi gr. j 065 

Ferri Reducti gr. xxx 2 000 

Ext. Gentianae q. s. 

M. ft. pil. no. xxx. 

Sig. — One after each meal. 

Note that in using the extract as an excipient the amount is left to the 
discretion of the druggist. 

Or: 

R or 

Strychnine Sulph gr. ss 03 

Arseni Trioxidi gr. j 06 

Ferri Reducti gr. xxx 2 00 

Ext. Gentianae 3ij 8 00 

M. ft. cap. no. xxx. 

Sig. — One after each meal. 



As a bitter tonic : 

B or 

Tinct. Xucis Vomicae f3iv 15 

Tinct. Gentianae Co q. s. fSiv 120 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water before meals. 

Bi or 

Arseni Trioxidi gr. ij 113 

Piperis Pulv 3ij 8|00 

Ext. Gentianae 3ij 8|00 

M. ft. cap. no. Ix. 

Sig. — One after each meal. 



1 Ohmann-Dumesnil: Diseases of the Skin. 



GLANDULE SUPRARENALES SICC^. 1/1 

In the treatment of tuberculosis : 

B 1 or 

Creosoti f3j 4 

Tinct. Gentianse Comp fSj 30 

Alcoholis q. s. f Sviij 240 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water or milk after meals. 

GERANIUM. 

Latin, Geranium. Eng., Geranium. Synonym, Cranesbill. The 
dried rhizome of Geranium maculatum. 
Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 

Official Preparation. 

Fluidextractum Geranii. Eng., Fluidextract of Geranium. 
Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). 

.Therapeutic Action. — Astringent, tonic. 

Uses. — Recommended for diarrhea, dysentery, etc. Seldom 
prescribed. 

GLANDULE SUPRARENALES SICCiE. 

Latin, Glandulse Suprarenales Siccse. Eng., Desiccated Supra- 
renal Glands. 

A light, yellowish-brown powder. 
Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). 

Unofficial Preparation. 

Epinephrina. Eng., Epinephrin. The blood-pressure-raising principle 
of the suprarenal gland. 

Average Dose. — 7 l /> minims (0.5 Cc.) of a 1 : 1000 solution. 

Therapeutic Action. — Cardiac stimulant and vasoconstrictor. 
Uses. — Employed in solutions for local anesthesia. Exten- 
sively used for asthma, turgescent rhinitis, sinusitis, otitis media, 
nasal or gastric hemorrhage, nausea, pulmonary edema, hemor- 
rhoids, etc. 

Administration. — The preparation under the trade name 
Adrenalin is extensively used in the form of the Solution of 
Adrenalin Chloride 1 : 1000, Adrenalin Ointment, Suppositories, 
Inhalant, etc. 



1 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 



172 



GLYCERIXUM. 



In a local anesthetic solution : 

B 1 or 

Cocainae Hydrochlor gr. j 

Sodii Chloridi gr. iij 

Adrenalin Chloridi (Sol. 1:1000) ttiv 

Aquae Destillatae q. s. f 5j 

M. 

Sig. — Label. 

In the treatment of erythema venenatum : 
B2 or 

Cocainae Hydrochlor gr. x 

Adrenalin Chloridi (Sol. 1:1000) 3ss 

Aquae Rosae q. s. f 3vj 

M. 

Sig. — Apply every two hours. 



30 



065 
200 
300 
000 



|65 

15|00 

180100 



GLANDUUE THYROIDEJE SICCJE. 

Latin, Glandulae Thyroidese Siccae. Eng., Desiccated Thyroid 
Glands. 

A yellowish powder. 

Average Dose. — 4- grains (0.250 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Vasodilator ; affects metabolism. 

Uses. — In the treatment of myxedema, cretinism and goiter. 

Administration. — Probably best given in capsules. 

GLYCERINUM. 

Latin, Glycerinum (Gen., Glycerini). Eng., Glycerin. A liquid 
obtained by the decomposition of vegetable or animal fats or fixed 
oils. 

Form. — A clear, colorless liquid of a syrupy consistence. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless. Sweet taste and producing a sense 
of warmth upon the mouth and lips. 

Solubility. — Miscible with water and alcohol in all proportions. 

Incompatiblcs. — Oxidizing agents such as nitric acid, potassium 
permanganate, etc. 

Average Dose. — 1 fiuidrachm (4 Cc). 

Official Preparations. 

Suppositoria Glycerini. Eng., Suppositories of Glycerin. Each sup- 
pository contains about 3 Gm. (45 grains) of Glycerin. Glycerin is a 
constituent of all the glycerites and of many other official preparations. 



1 White and Martin: Genito-urinary and Venereal Diseases. 
- Ohmann-Dumesnil: Diseases of the Skin. 



GLYCERINUM. 



173 



Therapeutic Action. — Laxative, dehydrating agent, antiseptic, 
emollient. 

Uses. — Largely used as a vehicle, solvent and sweetening 
agent. Used by rectum as a laxative. By vaginal tampons it 
is used for subinvolution, pelvic congestion, etc. Recommended 
for renal calculi, chronic constipation and many other conditions. 
Externally it is used in many lotions and ointments for skin 
diseases. 

Administration. — Glycerin is not often prescribed alone, but 
is a constituent of many preparations for internal or local use. 
The following will illustrate : 

In the treatment of bronchitis : 

IM or 

Tinct. Opii Camph., 
Spir. Vini Gallici, 

Glycerini aa. f Bj 30 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful every three hours. 

In the treatment of tuberculosis : 
$2 or 

Creosoti T^xxiv 115 

Glycerini fSij 8|0 

Tinct. Aurantii Dnlc q. s. fSiij 9010 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water or milk after meals. 

In a purgative preparation : 
B3 or 

Tinct. Nucis Vomicae £5.ss 15 

Flext. Rhamni Pursh f 5j 30 

Glycerini f§ss 15 

Aquae Chloroformi q. s. f §iij 90 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water after meals. 



Locally. — The strong affinity of Glycerin for water makes it a 
valuable agent in preparations for use as tampons, suppositories, etc. 

It is a much-used emollient and is a constituent of many face 
lotions, etc. Some combinations of glycerin for local use are shown 
in the following: 



i Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 

2 Ibid. 

3 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 



174 



GLYCER1TUM. GLYCERYLIS NITRAS. 



As a local application for chapped hands, etc. : 

$ or 

Phenolis Liq ni.vj 

Glycerini, 

Alcoholis aa. f 5j 

Aquse Rosse q. s. fSii j 

M. 

Sig. — Apply after bathing. 



30 
90 



Used for cleansing the nose in infectious diseases : 

R 1 or 

Phenolis Liq rrtvj 

Sodii Bicarb gr. xxx 

Sodii Boratis gr. xl 

Glycerini f 3ij 

Aquae Dest q. s. f 3vj 

M. 

Sig. — Spray as directed. 



2 

2 

8 

180 



GLYCERITUM— Glycerite. 

Glycerites are solutions of medicinal substances in glycerin. 
They are not often prescribed. The following six glycerites are 
official : 

Glyceritum Acidi Tannici. — See Acidum Tannicum. 

Glyceritum Amyli. — See Amylum. 

Glyceritum Boroglycerini. — See Acidum Boricum. 

Glyceritum Ferri, Quininae et Strychninae Phosphatum. — See Ferrum. 

Glyceritum Hydrastis. — See Hydrastis. 

Glyceritum Phenolis. — See Phenol. 

GLYCERYLIS NITRAS. 

Latin, Glycerylis Nitras. Eng., Glyceryl Trinitrate — Nitro- 
glycerin. 

Average Dose. — % 00 grain (0.0006 Gm.). 

The drug as such is not official, but the U. S. P. contains the 
following: 

Spiritus Glycerylis Nitratis. Eng., Spirit of Glyceryl Trinitrate, 
Spirit of Nitroglycerin. Synonym, Spirit of Glonoin. A colorless alco- 
holic solution containing 1 per cent, by weight of Glyceryl Trinitrate. 

Average Dose. — 1 minim (0.05 Cc). 



i Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 



GLYCYRRHIZA. 175 

Therapeutic Action. — Vasodilator, circulatory, depressant. 

Uses. — Employed in the treatment of angina pectoris, asthma, 
etc. 

Administration. — This preparation is frequently used, but not 
often prescribed by physicians. Hypodermic tablets containing 
from y 50 to %oo grain can be obtained for use. In rapidity 
of action and duration of effect Nitroglycerin stands between 
Amyl Nitrite and Sodium Nitrite. 

GLYCYRRHIZA. 

Latin, Glycyrrhiza (Gen., Glycyrrhizae). Eng., Glycyrrhiza. 
Synonym, Liquorice. The dried rhyzome and roots of Glycyrrhiza 
glabra or Glycyrrhiza glandulifera. 

Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). 

Official Preparations. 

Elixir Adjuvans. Eng., Adjuvant Elixir. Fluidextract of Glycyrrhiza, 
120 Cc; Aromatic Elixir, 880 Cc. 

Extractum Glycyrrhizae. Eng., Extract of Glycyrrhiza. 
Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 

Extractum Glycyrrhizae Purum. Eng., Pure Extract of Gl} T cyrrhiza. 
Average Dose. — 15 grams (1 Gm.). 

Fluidextractum Glycyrrhizae. Eng., Fluidextract of Glycyrrhiza. 
Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). 

Glycyrrhizinum Ammoniatum. Eng., Ammoniated Glycyrrhizin. 
Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). 

Mistura Glycyrrhizae Composita. Eng., Compound Mixture of Glycyr- 
rhiza. Synonym, Brown Mixture. Pure extract of Glycyrrhiza, 30 Gm. ; 
Syrup, 50 Cc; Acacia, 30 Gm.; Camphorated Tincture of Opium, 120 Cc; 
Wine of Antimony, 60 Cc; Spirit of Nitrous Ether, 60 Cc; Water, to 
make 1000 Cc. 

Average Dose. — 2 fluidrachms (8 Cc). 

Pulvis Glycyrrhizae Composita. Eng., Compound Powder of 
Glycyrrhiza. 

Average Dose. — 60 grains (4 Gm.). 

Trochisci Glycyrrhizae et Opii. Eng., Troches of Glycyrrhiza and 
Opium. 

Glycyrrhiza is a constituent in many other official and N. F. preparations. 

Therapeutic Action. — Expectorant, laxative. 

Uses. — Sometimes employed in the treatment of cough, bron- 
chitis, etc., and in laxative preparations. It is used to disguise 
the taste of quinine. 






1/6 GOSSYPII CORTEX. GRANATUM. 

Administration. — To disguise the taste of quinine the Fluid- 
extract or the unofficial Syrup are employed. The Compound 
Mixture and the Compound Powder are usually prescribed alone. 

GOSSYPII CORTEX. 

Latin, Gossypii Cortex. Eng., Cotton-root Bark. The dried 
bark of the root of Gossypium herbaceum or of other cultivated 
species of Gossypium. 

Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gin.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Emmenagogue and oxytocic. 

Uses. — Recommended for amenorrhea, menorrhagia, metror- 
rhagia, post-partum hemorrhage, etc. Seldom prescribed. 

GOSSYPIUM PURIFICATUM. 

Latin, Gossypium Purificatum. Eng., Purified Cotton. Synonym, 
Absorbent Cotton. The hairs of the seed of Gossypium herbaceum 
or other cultivated species of Gossypium, freed from adhering im- 
purities and deprived of fatty matter. 

GRANATUM. 

Latin, Granatum. Eng., Pomegranate. The bark of the stem 
and root of Punica granatum. 

Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). 

Official Preparation and Constituent. 

Fluidextractum Granati. Eng., Fluidextract of Pomegranate. 

Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc.). 

Pelletierinae Tannas. Eng., Pelletierine Tannate. A mixture of the 
tannates of four alkaloids obtained from Pomegranate. A light-yellow, 
odorless powder having an astringent taste. Soluble in 235 parts of 
water or 126 parts of alcohol. 

Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Teniafuge and anthelmintic. 

Uses. — To remove tapeworms. 

Administration. — Usually given in the form of Pelletierine 
Tannate, which is preferably given in capsules. The success of 
the treatment seems to largely depend on having the intestinal 
tract fairly empty before administering the drug, and on follow- 
ing it in from one to two hours with a sufficiently active saline 
purgative. The treatment is apt to produce temporary dizziness 
and nausea. 



GRINDELIA. GUAIACOL. 177 

GRINDELIA. 

Latin, Grindelia. Eng., Grindelia. The dried leaves and flower- 
ing tops of Grindelia robusta or of Grindelia squarrosa. 

'Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). 

Official Preparation. 

Fluidextractum Grindeliae. Eng., Fluidextract of Grindelia. 
Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Expectorant, diuretic, antispasmodic. 

Uses. — Recommended for bronchitis, asthma, cystitis, and as 
a local application for poisoning by ivy. Seldom prescribed. 

GUAIACOL. 

Latin, Guaiacol (Gen., Guaiacolis). Eng., Guaiacol. One of the 
chief constituents of Creosote. 

Form. — As usually seen, a colorless liquid. 

Solubility. — In 53 parts of water. Readily soluble in alcohol, 
glycerin and oils. 

Average Dose. — 8 minims (0.5 Cc). 

Official Preparation. 

Guaiacolis Carbonas. Eng., Guaiacol Carbonate. Synonym, Duotal. 

Form. — A white powder. 

Odor and Taste. — Almost odorless and tasteless. 

Solubility. — Insoluble in water, soluble in 48 parts of alcohol. 

Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Antiseptic, germicide, expectorant, 
antipyretic. 

Uses. — Employed in the treatment of phthisis, bronchitis, etc. 
Locally for tonsillitis, orchitis and adenitis. The carbonate is 
extensively used as an antirheumatic, particularly in certain forms 
of arthritis. 

Administration. — Guaiacol may be administered by mouth 
by incorporating with some bland agent, as emulsion of codliver 
oil or emulsion of petroleum. The local application and the ad- 
ministration of the carbonate are shown in the following pre- 
scriptions : 

12 



178 



GUAIACUM. 



In a local application, as in the treatment of orchitis, lymphangitis, 
arthritis, etc. : 

ft - or 

Guaiacolis ttj. xl 2 5 

Olei Olivae q. s. fSj 30 . 

M. 

Sig. — Apply a teaspoonful once daily. 

In the treatment of acute bronchitis : 

ft 1 or 

Guaiacolis 3ss 21 

Olei Gaultherise f2>j 4 

Adipis Lanae Hydr q. s. 3j 301 

M. 

Sig. — Apply to chest as directed. 

Guaiacol Carbonate may be administered in powders or capsules. 
While in this .way it may be mixed with other agents, it is the custom 
to order it alone. 

In the treatment of "rheumatism'' : 

n or 

Guaiacolis Carb gr. cc 131 

Ft. cht. no. xx. 

Sig. — One every four hours. 

Or: 

n or 

Guaiacolis Carb gr. clx 10 

Syr. Tolutani q. s. f Si j 60 

M. 

Sig.— "Shake." 

Teaspoonful every three hours. 

Or: 

ft or 

Guaiacolis Carb gr. cc 131 

Ft. cap. no. xl. 

Sig. — Two (2) every four hours. 



GUAIACUM. 

Latin, Guaiacum (Gen., Guaiaci). Eng., Guaiac. The resin of 
the wood of Guaiacum officinale or of Guaiacum sanctum. 
Average Dose, — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 



] Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 



GUARAXA. HJEMATOXYLON. HAMAMELIS. 179 

Official Preparations. 

Tinctura Guaiaci. Eng\, Tincture of Guaiac. Represents 20 per cent, 
of the drug in alcohol. 

Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). 

Tinctura Guaiaci Ammoniata. Eng., Ammoniated Tincture of Guaiac. 
Represents 20 per cent, of the drug in Aromatic Spirit of Ammonia. 
Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Classed as an alterative, diaphoretic, 
laxative, etc. 

Uses. — Recommended for tonsillitis, rheumatism and related 
conditions. A valuable reagent in testing for blood. 

Administration. — Seldom prescribed. The taste is usually 
considered very disagreeable. 

GUARANA. 

Latin, Guarana. Eng., Guarana. A dried paste consisting chiefly 
of the crushed seeds of Paullinia cupana. 
Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). 

Official Preparation. 

Fluidextractum Guaranae. Eng., Fluidextract of Guarana. 
Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Stimulant, diuretic, astringent. 
Uses. — Recommended for headache, diarrhea, etc. Seldom 
used. 

HEMATOXYLON. 

Latin, H?ematoxylon. Eng., Hematoxylon. Synonym. Logwood. 
The heart-wood of Hcematoxylon campechiaiium. 

Official Preparation. 

Extractum Haematoxyli. Eng., Extract of Hematoxylon. 
Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Astringent. 

Uses. — Has been recommended for diarrhea, hemorrhoids, etc. 
Seldom prescribed. 

HAMAMELIS. 

Latin, Hamamelis. Eng., Hamamelis. Synonym, Witchhazel. 
The following are the official parts and preparations : 



180 HEDEOMA. HEXAMETHYLENAMINA. 

HAMAMELIDIS CORTEX. Eng., Hamamelis Bark. The bark and 
twigs of Hamamelis virginiana. 

Unofficial Preparation. 

Aqua Hamamelidis. Eng., Hamamelis Water. Synonyms, Extract of 
Witchhazel, Distilled Extract of Witchhazel. 
Average Dose. — 2 fluidrachms (8 Cc). 

HAMAMELIDIS FOLIA. Eng., Hamamelis Leaves. Synonym, 
Witchhazel Leaves. The dried leaves of Hamamelis virginiana. 

Official Preparation. 

Fluidextractum Hamamelidis Foliorum. Eng., Fluidextract of Hama- 
melis Leaves. 

Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Astringent. 

Uses. — Sometimes used in the treatment of diarrhea and 
hemorrhoids. A popular household remedy for wounds, infec- 
tions, insect-bites, etc. Seldom prescribed. 

HEDEOMA. 

Latin, Hedeoma. Eng., Hedeoma. Synonym, Pennyroyal. The 
dried leaves and flowering tops of Hcedeoma pulegioides. 
Average Dose. — 120 grains (8 Gm.). 

Official Constituent. 

Oleum Hedeomae. Eng., Oil of Hedeoma. A volatile oil. 
Average Dose. — 3 minims (0.2 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Stimulant, carminative, emmenagogue. 

Uses. — Sometimes used for amenorrhea, flatulence, and as a 
corrective or flavor for other agents. Frequently employed to 
prevent mosquito-bites. It is a constituent of many of the advertised 
preparations used as oxytocics. 

Administration. — The oil is the preparation used. It is pre- 
scribed with other agents and usually in an alcoholic vehicle or 
in pills. To prevent insect-bites it is probably best prescribed 
about 5 per cent, strength in Spirit of Camphor. 

HEXAMETHYLENAMINA. 

Latin, Hexamethylenamina (Gen., Hexamethylenaminae). Eng., 
Hexamethylenamine (Urotropin) . 
Form. — Small, colorless crystals. 



HUMULUS. 181 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless, almost tasteless. 

Solubility. — In 1.5 parts of water and in 10 parts of alcohol. 

Incompatibles. — All acids. 

Average Dose. — 1 grain (0.250 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Diuretic, urinary antiseptic. 

Uses, — Employed in the treatment of gonorrhea, cystitis, 
pyelitis, phosphaturia, typhoid fever, bronchitis, etc. Recom- 
mended for argyria, renal and biliary calculi, arthritis, gout, etc. 

Administration. — Usually prescribed alone, either in aqueous 
solution or in the form of tablets to be dissolved in water. While 
other sizes of tablets may be obtained the 7^-grain are the most 
popular. It is best to have each dose administered in a glass of 
water. 

In solution : 

$ or 

Hexamethylenaminse 3iv 15 1 

Aquae q. s. £Siv 120 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in glass of water three times a day. 

In tablets : 

Tab. Hexamethylenaminre (7 l /> gr.) no. xx. 

Sig. — One in water three times a day. 

Patient should be told to break up the tablet, else its solution is sometimes 
very slow. 

HOMATROPIN^ HYDROBROMIDUM. 

See Belladonna, p. 80. 

HUMULUS. 

Latin, Humulus. Eng., Hops. The dried strobiles of Humulus 
hipulus. 
, Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). 

Official Constituent and Preparations. 

Lupulinum. Eng., Lupulin. The glandular trichomes. 
Average Dose.— 7% grains (0.500 Gm.). 

Fluidextractum Lupulini. Eng., Fluidextract of Lupulin. 
Average Dose. — 8 minims (0.5 Cc). 

Oleoresina Lupulini. Eng., Oleoresin of Lupulin. 
Average Dose. — 3 grains (0.200 Gm.). 



182 HYDRARGYRUM. 

Therapeutic Action. — Stomachic, carminative, sedative, anti- 
spasmodic. 

Uses. — Recommended in the treatment of hysteria, flatulent 
colic, atonic dyspepsia, alcoholic psychosis, etc. In the form of 
malt beverages, used to promote appetite and digestion and as 
a galactagogue for nursing mothers, etc. Seldom prescribed. 

HYDRARGYRUM. 

Latin, Hydrargyrum. Eng., Mercury. Synonym, Quicksilver. 

Incompatibles of Mercurial Salts and Preparations. 

The incompatibles of mercurials are so general and the indica- 
tions for combinations so limited that it is usually better to learn 
what may than what may not be used with them. Most of the 
desirable combinations are indicated in the following pages. 

It may be stated in a general way that the following are incom- 
patible with mercurial salts. Acids (except as on p. 190), borates, 
cyanides, hypophosphites, iodine, iodides, phosphates, sulphides, sul- 
phates, tannic acid, etc. 

Preparations of Metallic Mercury. 

EMPLASTRUM HYDRARGYRI. Eng., Mercurial Plaster. Con- 
tains about 30 per cent, of Mercury. 

HYDRARGYRUM CUM CRETA. Eng., Mercury with Chalk. 
Synonym, Gray Powder. Contains 38 per cent, of Mercury. 

Form. — A gray powder. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless, slightly sweetish taste. 

Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gin.). 

MASSA HYDRARGYRI. Eng., Mass of Mercury. Synonym, Blue 
Mass. Contains 33 per cent, of Mercury. 

UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRI. Eng., Mercurial Ointment. Con- 
tains 50 per cent, of mercury. 

Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). 

Unguentum Hydrargyri Dilutum. Eng., Blue Ointment. Contains 
about 33.5 per cent, of Mercury. 

Salts of Mercury and their Preparations. 

HYDRARGYRUM AMMONIATUM. Eng., Ammoniated Mercury. 
Synonym, White Precipitate. Contains about 80 per cent, of Mercury. 
Form. — White pieces or powder. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless and having a metallic taste. 
Solubility. — Insoluble in water or alcohol. 



HYDRARGYRUM. 183 

Unguentum Hydrargyri Ammoniati. Eng., Ointment of Ammoniated 
Mercury. Contains 10 per cent, of Ammoniated Mercury. 

HYDRARGYRI CHLORIDUM CORROSIVUM. Eng., Corrosive 
Mercuric Chloride. Synonyms, Corrosive Sublimate, Bichloride of Mer- 
cury, etc 

Form. — Heavy, colorless crystals or crystalline masses. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless ; an acrid, metallic taste. 

Solubility. — In 13 parts of water or 3 parts of alcohol. More readily 
soluble in the presence of ammonium chloride. 

Average Dose. — ^o grain (0.003 Gm.). 

HYDRARGYRI CHLORIDUM MITE. Eng., Mild Mercurous Chlo- 
ride. Synonym, Calomel. 

Form. — White or yellowish-white powder. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless and Tasteless. 

Solubility. — Insoluble in water or alcohol. 

Average Dose. — Laxative — 2 grains (0.125 Gm.). Alterative — 1 grain 
(0.065 Gm.). 

HYDRARGYRI IODIDUM FLAVUM. Eng., Yellow Mercurous 
Iodide. Synonyms : Protiodide of Mercury, Green Iodide of Mercury. 
Form. — A yellow powder. 
Odor and Taste. — Odorless and tasteless. 
Solubility. — Almost insoluble in water. Insoluble in alcohol. 
Average Dose. — % grain (0.010 Gm.). 

HYDRARGYRI IODIDUM RUBRUM. Eng., Red Mercuric Iodide. 
Synonym, Biniodide of Mercury. 
Form. — Red powder. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless and tasteless. 

Solubility. — Almost insoluble in water. Soluble in 116 parts of alcohol. 
Average Dose. — ^o grain (0.003 Gm.). 
Liquor Arseni et Hydrargyri Iodidi. — See Arsenum, p. 70. 

HYDRARGYRI OXIDUM FLAVUM. Eng., Yellow Mercuric 
Oxide. 

Form. — A yellowish powder. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless, metallic taste. 

Solubility. — Almost insoluble in water. Insoluble in alcohol. 

Unguentum Hydrargyri Oxidi Flavi. Eng., Ointment of Yellow Mer- 
curic Oxide. Contains 10 per cent, of Yellow Mercuric Oxide. 

Oleatum Hydrargyri. Eng., Oleate of Mercury. Represents 10 per 
cent, of Yellow Mercuric Oxide. 

HYDRARGYRI OXIDUM RUBRUM. Eng., Red Mercuric Oxide. 
Synonym, Red Precipitate. 

Form. — Heavy, red crystalline powder. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless, metallic taste. 

Solubility. — Almost insoluble in water. Insoluble in alcohol. 

Unguentum Hydrargyri Oxidi Rubri. Eng., Ointment of Red Mer- 
curic Oxide. Contains 10 per cent, of Red Mercuric Oxide. 



184 HYDRARGYRUM. 

LIQUOR HYDRARGYRI NITRATIS. Eng., Solution of Mercuric 
Nitrate. 

UNGUENTUM HYDRARGYRI NITRATIS. Eng., Ointment of 
Mercuric Nitrate. Synonym, Citrine Ointment. 

Therapeutic Action. — The salts and preparations of mercury 
are generally alterative, antisyphilitic and germicide. Mass of 
Mercury, Mercury with Chalk, and the Mild Chloride are par- 
ticularly purgative. The Ointment of the Nitrate, the Red 
Iodide and some others are active irritants. 

Uses. — The employment of the salts and preparations of mer- 
cury covers almost the entire realm of medicinal treatment. 
They are particularly used for syphilis in all of its forms and 
stages ; as purgatives in the early stages of acute diseases, such 
as intestinal indigestion, typhoid fever, pneumonia, etc. ; for para- 
sitic diseases, ulcers, impetigo, etc. Extensively employed as 
wet or dry antiseptic dressings, etc. 

Toxicology. — Mercury poisoning may be acute or chronic. 
A common form of acute poisoning is that occasioned by tak- 
ing an excess of some poisonous mercuric salt, usually the cor- 
rosive mercuric chloride tablets. This is frequently done with 
suicidal intent or by error, as mistaking them for headache tab- 
lets. The patient has intense pain, particularly in the epigastric 
region, and usually purging, tenesmus and bloody stools. 
Nausea and vomiting may or may not occur. The treatment is 
to wash out the stomach, preferably with water containing milk 
or the white of eggs, and, when this has been done, to leave a 
large excess of the albuminous matter in the stomach. Mor- 
phine may be used for the abdominal symptoms, and the patient 
otherwise treated symptomatically. 

A subacute mercurialism may develop from one or a few 
doses of a mercurial given as a purgative or in an effort to 
rapidly produce results, as in the treatment of syphilis. It should be 
emphasized that "salivation" from a simple calomel purge is now 
extremely rare. Like human hydrophobia, it is often heard of, but 
seldom observed. Its rarity may, in part, be due to the quality of 
the drug as now marketed. The usual toxic symptoms are fetid 
breath, disagreeable taste, swollen gums and a profuse flow of saliva. 
There may be lesions on the gums or elsewhere and the teeth become 
loose or even fall out. There may be abdominal pain, purging and 
bloody stools. The treatment is to discontinue the mercury, give 
opiates and demulcents if necessary for the intestinal symptoms, and 



HYDRARGYRUM. 



185 



use mouth-washes for the local lesions. Probably the best mouth- 
wash is one containing potassium chlorate, tincture of myrrh 
and tincture of belladonna leaves. Belladonna internally is fre- 
quently used to advantage. Potassium iodide used with proper 
care has been recommended. 

A purely chronic mercurialism may develop from the con- 
tinued use of the drug or in those whose work exposes them 
to it. The symptoms resemble those just described, but it is 
more apt to be characterized by necrosis of bone and cachexia. 

Administration. — Some of the common uses and methods of 
employment are indicated in the following: 

By Mouth. — As a purgative the Mild Mercurous Chloride, Mer- 
cury with Chalk and sometimes Mass of Mercury are the prepara- 
tions used. For children, the first two are employed, usually com- 
bined with sugar of milk and administered in powders. For adults, 
the Mild Mercurous Chloride is the preparation of choice, though 
the others are used. It may be administered with sugar or sugar of 
milk, in powder or capsules. A more common method is a combina- 
tion with some other purgatives put into capsules. Among the other 
agents used are such as Podophyllin, Compound Extract of Colo- 
cynth, Rhubarb, Inspissated Oxgall, etc. Strychnine and sometimes 
Atropine are also used. Extract of Hyocyamus and Powder of 
Ipecac and Opium are very often associated in these mixtures to 
prevent griping. 

Some combinations are shown in the following : 

As an initial purge in the treatment of grip, etc. ; also in alco- 
holism : 

Hydrarg. Chlor. Mitis gr. 

Ext. Rhamni Pursh gr. 

Strychninae Sulph gr. %o 

Atropine Sulph gr. 

M. ft. cap. no. iv. 
Sig. — One every hour. 



or 



V 


3200 


vj 


4000 


%0 


0030 


M.00 


0006 



As a purgative : 

Hydrarg. Chlor. Mitis, 
Fel. Boris Inspis., 

Rhei Pulv 

Ext. Hyoscyami 

M. ft. cap. no. iij. 
Sig'. — One every hour. 



aa. gr. v 
... gr. j 



or 



320 
065 



186 



HYDRARGYRUM. 



As a laxative in tuberculosis 

Mas. Hydrargyri, 

Aloes Pulv., 

Ipecacuanhas Pulv., 

Capsici Pulv 

M. ft. cap. no. xxiv. 
Sis:. — One at night. 



or 



aa. gr. xij 



As a purgative (for child 2 years old) : 

B or 

Hydrarg. Chlor. Mitis gr. j 

Sacchari Lactis gr. xxx 

M. ft. cht. no. v. 

Sisr. — One everv half -hour. 



|065 
21000 



AYhen nausea and vomiting is a factor this is often put into ten powders 
and one given everv fifteen minutes. 



In the treatment of acid intoxication of infancy : 

n or 

Hydrarg. Chlor. Mitis gr. iij 

Sodii Bicarbonatis gr. ccc 

M. ft. cht. no. xxx. 

Sig. — One every three hours. 



2010 

1 



In the treatment of congenital syphilis: 

B or 

Hydrarg. cum Cretse gr. iij |2 

Sacchari Lactis 3j 410 

M. ft. cht. no. xxx. 

Sig. — One three times a day. 

The mild mercurous chloride is often prescribed in the same dose. 

In the treatment of syphilis : 

R2 or 

Massae Hydrargyri gr. xl 2|5 

Ferri Sulph. Exsic gr. xx 1|3 

Extracti Opii gr. v 13 

M. ft. cap. no. xx. 

Sig. — One after each meal. 



1 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 

- White and Martin: Genito-urinarv and Venereal Diseases. 



HYDRARGYRUM. 187 

In the treatment of syphilis : 
Bi or 

Massae Hydrargyri gr. xx 1 30 

Hydrarg. Chlor. Mitis gr. x 65 

Hydrarg. cum Cretae gr. xl 2 50 

Extracti Opii gr. v 32 

M. ft. cap. no. xx. 

Sig. — One after each meal. 

As an alterative, antisyphilitic, etc., the preparations most com- 
monly used are the Yellow Mercuric Iodide, the Red Mercuric 
Iodide, the Corrosive Mercuric Chloride, and the Mild Mercurous 
Chloride. The Red Mercuric Iodide and the Corrosive Mercuric 
Chloride are more frequently prescribed in solution with potassium 
iodide when the soluble Potassio-mercuric Iodide is formed. 

The Yellow Mercurous Iodide is usually prescribed in the ready 
prepared gelatin-coated pills, which may be obtained in almost any 
size. The %, %, and % grain are the most popular. An advantage 
is the facility for increasing or decreasing the dose. 

In the treatment of syphilis : 
n or 

Pil. Hydrarg. Iod. Flav. C/i gr.) no. c. 

Sig. — One before each meal. 

In the treatment of syphilis : 
$ or 

Hydrarg. Chlor. Corros gr. ij j 13 

Potassii Iodidi Sj 30|00 

Aquae Dest q. s. f3j 30|00 

M. ft. sol. 

Sig. — Ten drops with glass of milk three times a day. 

The patient is usually instructed to take this one hour before or two 
hours after meals. It is best given in a small amount of water, and the glass 
of milk taken after. 

In the treatment of syphilis in the tertiary stage : 
W 2 or 

Hydrarg. Iod. Rub gr. iv 126 

Potassii Iodidi S.j 30J00 

Aquae Dest q. s. fSvj 180|00 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoon ful in water after meals. 



1 White and Martin: Genito-urinary and Venereal Diseases. 

2 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 



188 



HYDRARGYRUM. 



065 
000 
000 
000 



In the treatment of syphilis in infants : 
Ri or 

Hydrarg. Chlor. Corros gr. j 

Potassii Iodidi 3ij 8 

Syr. Zingiberis f 5j 30 

Aquae q. s. £§ij 60 

M. 

Sig. — Five (5) drops in milk three times a day. 

In the treatment of syphilis : 
n 2 or 

Hydrarg. Iodidi Rub gr. iv |26 

Potassii Iodidi 3iv 4|00 

Syr. Sarsaparil. Co q. s. fSvj 180100 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water four times daily. 

In the treatment of anemia : 
B or 

Hydrarg. Chlor. Corros gr. ij 

Liq. Acidi Arsenosi foij 8 

Tinct. Ferri Chlor., 
Acidi Hydrochlor. Dil., 

Glycerini aa. f Sj 30 

Aquse Dest q. s. f 5v j 180 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water after meals. 



13 
00 



00 

00 



This is known under the popular name of Elixir Four Chlorides. 

As a postoperative tonic : 
R 3 or 

Hydrarg. Chlor. Corros., 

Arseni Trioxidi aa. gr. j 065 

Ext. Nucis Vomicae gr. xxv 1 600 

Ferri et Quin. Cit gr. cc 13 000 

M. ft. cap. no. c. 

Sig. — One after each meal. 



Intravenously and Hypo dermatic ally. — The corrosive mercuric 
chloride or the red mercuric iodide are used in solution or salts as the 
mild chloride or the salicylate are used in suspension. 

The following illustrate some formulae used : 



i Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 

2 White and Martin: Genito-urinary and Venereal Diseases. 

3 Ash ton: Practice of Gynecology. 



HYDRARGYRUM. 



189 



For intravenous use in the treatment of syphilis : 

I*i or 

Hydrarg. Chlor. Corros gr. j 

Sodii Chloridi gr. iij 

Aquae Destillatae q. s. f 5ij 

M. 

Sig. — Label. 

(From 20 to 60 minims well diluted are given daily.) 



60 



065 
200 

000 



For hypodermic use in the treatment of syphilis : 
B2 or 

Hydrarg. Chlor. Corros gr. ivss 

Sodii Chloridi gr. iiiss 

Aquae Destillatae q. s. f§j 

M. 

Sig. — One per cent, solution corrosive mercuric chloride. 

(10 to 30 minims are used at each injection.) 



30 



30 
23 

00 



By Inunction. — Mercurial Ointment is the preparation of choice. 
It is usually considered too strong to be used undiluted, but the of- 
ficial diluted ointment being made with Petrolatum is not as desir- 
able as the stronger preparation diluted with some agent, as Hydrous 
"Wool-fat. The ointment may be ordered in bulk or put into papers. 
Paraffine paper is used. 

Written instructions should be given the patient as to method 
of use. The most common is to instruct patients to take a hot bath 
each night, then apply the given amount of the ointment and massage 
until absorption is effected. The right axillary region (below the 
hair) may be used one night, the next night the left, then the inner 
side of the right thigh, then the left, then the axillary region, etc., 
in the same order. This will rarely cause local symptoms of an un- 
pleasant character. 



Some desirable methods of prescribing are shown in the follow- 



ing 



B or 

Ung. Hydrargyri. 

Adipis Lanae Hyd aa. f Ej 

M. ft. cht. cer. no. xvj. 

Sig. — Use one each night as directed. 



30 



1 White and Martin: Genito-urinary and Venereal Diseases. 

2 Ibkl. 



190 



HYDRARGYRUM. 



When economy is a factor this may be ordered, as : 

B or 

Ung. Hydrargyri, 

Adipis Lanae Hyd aa. f 3j 

M. 

Sig. — Use teaspoon ful each night. 



30 



Inhalation and Fumigation. — In general practice mercury is sel- 
dom prescribed in this way. The Mild Mercnrous Chloride is the 
salt usually employed. Separate instructions are given the patient 
as to bath, use of cabinet or blanket, supply of aqueous vapor, etc. 

Locally, in Solutions. — The Corrosive Mercuric Chloride is most 
commonly used. As an antiseptic or germicide it is now considered 
very desirable to prescribe it in acid solution to retard the forma- 
tion of the insoluble albuminate. Tartaric Acid is most frequently 
employed. Tablets are on the market containing enough of the 
Corrosive Chloride (about 7^2 grains) to make a 1 : 1000 solution 
when 1 tablet is added to a pint of water. They also contain Am- 
monium Chloride or Tartaric Acid, etc. They are convenient for 
the practitioner, but they are rather dangerous to be prescribed under 
ordinary circumstances. 

Some desirable formulae are shown in the following: 

As a wet dressing: 



R or 

Hydrarg. Chlor. Corros. gr. iv 

Acidi Tartarici gr. xx 

Aquae Destillatae q. s. f^iv 

M. 

Sig. — "Poison." 

Use 1 part to 10 parts of water to wet dressing. 



1 
120 



26 
30 
00 



In the treatment of tinea versicolor : 

Hydrarg. Chlor. Corros gr, iv 

Ammonii Chloridi 3ss 

Alcoholis fovj 

Aquae Rosae q. s. f Svj 

M. 

Sig. — '"Poison." 

Apply frequently. 

i Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 



or 



126 

200 

22 00 

180 00 



HYDRARGYRUM. 



191 



As a mouth-wash in the treatment of the mucous patches of 
syphilis : 

Bi or 

Hydrarg. Chlor. Corros gr. j |065 

Mellis Rosae I&j 60|000 

Aquae Destillatse q. s. fSvj 180|000 

M. 

Sig. — Use as a mouth-wash. 

In the treatment of gonorrhea : 
R2 or 

Hydrarg. Chlor. Corros gr. ss 

Phenolis gr. xij 

Zinci Phenolsulph gr. xxx 

Glyc. Boroglycerini f3j 

Aquae Destillatse q. s. f§vj 

M. 

Sig.— "Not to be taken." 
Use as directed. 

Patient should be instructed to inject after urination. 

In the treatment of diphtheria : 
IJ3 or 

Hydrarg. Chlor. Corros gr. ss |03 

Tinct. Ferri Chlor f5ij 8|00 

Glycerini f'Sss 15 [00 

Aquae Dest q. s. fBiij 90|00 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoon ful in water every two hours. 



2 

30 
180 



03 
80 
00 
00 
00 



In Dusting Pozvdcrs. — The Mild Mercurous Chloride is the salt 
most commonly used. It is prescribed alone or with other agents. 
The following will illustrate : 

In the treatment of impetigo, "fever blisters," etc.: 

n or 

Hydrarg. Chlor. Mitis 3j 4| 

Bismuthi Subnitratis 3vij 26 

M. 

Sig. — Apply three times a day. 

In Ointments. — The Mild Chloride, Yellow Oxide and Am- 
moniated Mercury are more frequently employed. When some ir- 
ritant or decidedly stimulating action is desired (as in the indolent 



1 White and Martin: Genito-urinary and Venereal Diseases. 

2 Ibid. 

3 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 



192 



HYDRARGYRUM. 



syphilitic lesions) the Ointment of Mercuric Xitrate, properly 
diluted, is used. 

In ordering the Yellow Oxide in ointments it is particularly de- 
sirable to see that the salt is in a state of minute subdivision and 
thoroughly incorporated with the vehicle, else an irritant effect may 
be produced. 

Some strengths and combinations are shown in the following : 
In the treatment of eczema of the scalp of infancy : 



Hydrarg. Chlor. Mitis 3ss 

Petrolati q. s. f 5j 

M. 

Sig. — Apply twice daily. 



or 



2| 
301 



In the treatment of smallpox : 

$1 or 

Phenolis gr. x 

Hydrarg. Chlor. Mitis gr. xv 

Amyli, 

Zinci Oxidi aa. 3ij 

Petrolati q. s. 3 j 

M. 

Sig. — Apply as directed. 



30 



65 
00 

00 
00 



B2 or 

Hydrarg. Ammoniati gr. x |65 

Amyli, 

Zinci Oxidi aa. 3ij 8|00 

Petrolati q. s. Sj 30|00 

M. 

Sig. — Apply as directed. 



In the treatment of the skin lesions of syphilis : 

R3 or 

Hydrarg. Ammoniati gr. xx 

Ung. Aquae Ros?e q. s. 3 j 

M. 

Sig. — Apply as directed. 



i Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 

2 Ihiil. 

■'- White and Martin: Genito-urinary and Venereal Diseases. 



1|3 
30;0 



HYDRASTIS. 



193 



Used in the treatment of the cutaneous lesions of hereditary 
syphilis : 

Bi or 

Hydrarg. Ammoniati gr. xv 1 

Ung. Zinci Oxidi Sj 30 

M. 

Sig. — Apply as directed. 

In the treatment of indolent ulcers : 
B or 

Ung. Hydrarg. Nitr. ., 3ij 8 

Petrolati Svj 22 

M. 

Sig. — Apply as directed. 

In the treatment of inflamed lids, etc. : 

B or 

Hydrarg. Oxidi Flavi gr. j 065 

Petrolati q. s. Sj 4 000 

M. tere bene. 

Sig. — Apply twice daily. 



HYDRASTIS. 

Latin, Hydrastis (Gen., Hydrastis). Eng., Hydrastis. Syno- 
nyms, Golden Seal, Yellow Root. The rhizome and roots of 
Hydrastis canadensis. 

Principal Constituents. — Hydrastine (2.5 per cent.), Berberine, 
etc. 

Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gin.). 



Official Preparations, Alkaloids and Salt. 

Fluidextractum Hydrastis. Eng., Fluidextract of Hydrastis. 

Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). 

Glyceritum Hydrastis. Eng., Glycerite of Hydrastis. 

Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). 

Tinctura Hydrastis. Eng., Tincture of Hydrastis. 

Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). 

Hydrastina. Eng., Hydrastine. An alkaloid obtained from Hydrastis. 

Average Dose. — % grain (0.010 Gm.). 

Hydrastininae Hydrochloridum. Eng., Hydrastinine Hydrochloride. 
The hydrochloride of an artificial alkaloid derived from Hydrastine. 
Form. — Yellowish needles or powder. 



i Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 

13 



194 



HYDRASTIS. 



Odor and Taste. — Odorless: bitter taste. 
Solubility. — Soluble in water and alcohol. 
Average Dose. — y 2 grain (0.030 Gm.). 

Unofficial Preparation. 

Hydrastinum. Eng., Hydrastin. An impure mixture of alkaloids, 
resin, etc. 

Average Dose. — 5 grains (0.3 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Astringent, antiseptic, antiperiodic, 
bitter tonic. Said to be haemostatic in uterine hemorrhage. 

Uses. — Principally employed in genito-urinary conditions, as 
gonorrhea, menorrhagia and metrorrhagia ; also for chronic gas- 
tritis,, intestinal indigestion, diarrhea, etc. 

Administration. — Care should be exercised to distinguish be- 
tween the impure Hydrastin and the alkaloid Hydrastine or Hydras- 
tinine Hydrochloride. Mistakes have occurred both on the part of 
the prescriber and the compounder. The Fluidextract. Hydrastinine 
Hydrochloride and Hydrastin are the preparations most fre- 
quently employed. The alkaloids are not usually recommended 
for gastric disturbances or in local applications. All of these 
preparations will stain the skin or clothing. 

Some combinations are as follows : 

In the treatment of menorrhagia. metrorrhagia, etc. : 
Ri or 

Strychninae Sulph gr. ?; 003 

Hydrastininae Hydrochl gr. x 650 

Extracti Ergotae gr. xl 2 500 

M. ft. cap. no. xx. 

Sis:. — One two hours after meals. 



Or: 
R or 

Flext. Hydrastis, 

Flext. Ergotae aa. f 5j 30 

Tinct. Xucis Vomicae fair 15 

Tinct. Aurantii Dulc q. s. foiv 120 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water after meals. 

Xote that the fluidextract is dispensed in an alcoholic vehicle to prevent 
precipitation. This preparation is of distinctly disagreeable taste, and capsules 
are usually considered preferable. 



1 Ashton: Practice of Gynecology. 



HYOSCYAMUS. 195 

As an injection in the treatment of gonorrhea : 
$ or 

Hydrastinae Sulph., 
Morphinse Sulph., 

Quininse Bisulph aa. gr. viij 5 

Muc. Acacias q. s. f Sviij 240 

M. 

Sig.— "Not to be taken." 
Use as directed. 

HYOSCYAMUS. 

Latin, Hyoscyamus (Gen., Hyoscyami). Eng., Hyoscyamus. 
Synonym, Henbane. The dried leaves and flowering tops of 
Hyoscyamus niger. 

Principal Constituents. — Hyoscine, Hyoscyamine, etc. 

Contains not less than 0.08 per cent, of Mydriatic Alkaloids. 

Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). 

Official Preparations and Alkaloidal Salts. 

Extractum Hyoscyami. Eng., Extract of Hyoscyamus. A soft solid 
about four times the strength of the drug. 
Average Dose. — 1 grain (0.065 Gm.). 

Fluidextractum Hyoscyami. Eng., Fluidextract of Hyoscyamus. 
Average Dose. — 3 minims (0.2 Cc). 

Tinctura Hyoscyami. Eng., Tincture of Hyoscyamus. Represents 
10 per cent, of the drug in diluted alcohol. 
Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). 

Hyoscinae Hydrobromidum. Eng., Hyoscine Hydrobromide. The hy- 
drobromide of an alkaloid obtained from Hyoscyamus and other related 
plants. 

Solubility. — Soluble in water or alcohol. 

Average Dose. — i'i2S grain (0.0005 Gm.). 

Hyoscyaminae Hydrobromidum. Eng., Hyoscyamine Hydrobromide. 
The hydrobromide of an alkaloid obtained from Hyoscyamus and other 
related plants. 

Solubility. — Soluble in water or alcohol. 

Average Dose. — ~Yi2S grain (0.0005 Gm.). 

Hyoscyaminae Sulphas. Eng., Hyoscyamine Sulphate. The sulphate 
of an alkaloid obtained from Hyoscyamus and other related plants. 

Solubility. — Soluble in water or alcohol. 

Average Dose. — %2g grain (0.0005 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Sedative, antispasmodic, anodyne. 
Hyoscine particularly is deliriant and mydriatic. 



196 



HYOSCYAMUS. 



Uses. — Principally employed as antispasmodic for whooping- 
cough, asthma, croup, etc. Used in combination with other 
agents for hysteria, alcoholic psychosis and related conditions. 
A common constituent in purgative preparations to prevent grip- 
ing. Hyoscine is employed in the treatment of alcoholism. 

Administration. — Extract of Hyoscyamus is more frequently 
used in the form of the powdered extract. 

The tincture is the preparation used in fluid combinations. 

The alkaloidal salts, particularly Hyoscine Hydrobromide, are 
sometimes used by physicians, but are seldom prescribed, and fre- 
quently disappointing. 

In the treatment of palpitation in hysterical subjects: 

R 1 or 

Strychninse Sulph gr. 

Zinci Valeratis gr. 

Ext. Sumbul gr. 

Ext. Hyoscyami gr. 

M. ft. cap. no. x. 

Sig. — One after each meal. 



X 
X 
V 



02 
65 
65 
32 



In a purgative mixture, to prevent griping: 

B 

Hydrarg. Chlor. Mitis, 
Rhei Pulv., 

Fel. Boris Insp aa. gr. y 

Ext. Hyoscyami gr. j 

M. ft. cap. no. iij. 
Sig. — One every hour. 



or 



320 
065 



In the treatment of colds, etc. : 

R or 

Pulv. Acetan. Co gr. xxx 2|0 

Ammonii Carb., gr. xx 113 

Tinct. Hyoscyami f3j 4(0 

Mellis Depur fSiss 45 

Spir. Yini Gallici q. s. fBiij 90 

M. 

Sig.— '"Shake." 

Tablespoon ful in water every four hours. 

This does not make an elegant-looking mixture, but seems to be clinically 
of value. 



1 Anders: Practice of Medicine. 



ICHTHYOL. 



197 



As a sedative in the treatment of violent cough : 

B 

Heroinae Hydrochlor gr. j 

Ammonii Chlor 3j 

Tinct. Hyoscyami f 3iij 

Syr. Pruni Virg q. s. f 5ij 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful every two hours till relieved. 



or 



4 
12 
60 



065 
000 
000 
000 



In the treatment of cough : 

Ri or 

Codeinae Sulph gr. iij 

Tinct. Hyoscyami f3iij 12 

Syr. Tolutani f 3ss 15 

Aquae q. s. f 3ii j 90 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful every three hours. 

In the treatment of cystitis, whooping-cough, etc. : 
R2 or 

Tinct. Hyoscyami f3ss 2 

Potassii Citratis 3j 4 

Aquae q. s. f 5iv 120 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water every three hours. 

In a sedative mixture: 

$ or 

Chlorali Hydrati 3j 4 

Sodii Bromidi 3ij 8 

Tinct. Hyoscyami f 3ij 8 

Aquae Chloroformi q. s. f§j 30 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful every four hours till relieved. 



ICHTHYOL. 

{Not Official.) 

Latin, Ichthyol (Gen., Ichthyolis). Eng.. Ichthyol (Ammonium 
Ichthyolsulphonate) . 

Form. — A thick, brown liquid. 

Odor. — Bituminous. 

Solubility. — Readily soluble in water or glycerin. 



1 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 
^Ruhrah: Diseases of Children. 



198 



ICHTHYOL. 



hicompatibles. — Acids, alkali hydroxides or carbonates, alkaloids, 
potassium iodide, mercury bichloride, resorcin. 

Therapeutic Action. — Said to be antiphlogistic, anodyne, al- 
terative, antigonorrheal, antiseptic. 

Uses. — Recommended for phthisis, rheumatism, scrofula, ne- 
phritis, gonorrhea, inflammations and various skin diseases. 

Administration. — While ichthyol is recommended for internal 
administration, by far the most common employment is local. 
It is used in ointments or in solution in water or glycerin. It 
mixes readily with the usual ointment bases. 

To disguise the odor in ointments, use 1 drop each of the Oil 
of Bergamot and Oil of Eucalyptus to each drachm of Ichthyol. 
One drop of Oil of Citronella to the drachm of Ichthyol is frequently 
employed. Some also add 1 drop of Oil of Rose in addition to 
the Oil of Citronella. 

In prescribing less than two fluidrachms of Ichthyol, it is advis- 
able to prescribe by weight, as small quantities are not conveniently 
measured. 

Some combinations are shown in the following: 



As an application on vaginal tampons : 

R or 

Ichthyolis f 3iv 

Glycerini q. s. £Siv 

M. 

Sisr. — For office use. 



15| 
120! 



In the treatment of furuncle : 

R 1 or 

Ichthyolis Sj 

Empl. Plumbi 3ij 

Empl. Resinse 3j 

M. 

Sig. — Apply as directed. 



In the treatment of mastitis, orchitis, lymphadenitis, etc. : 
R or 

Camphorse 3ss 2| 

Ichthyolis, 

Ung. Belladon aa. 3i j 8| 

Petrolati q. s. Sj 30) 

M. 

Sig. — Apply freely twice a day. 



iStelwagon: Diseases of the Skin. 



INFUSUM. IODOFORMUM. IODOLUM. 199 

INFUSUM— Infusion. 

Infusions are -liquid preparations made by treating vegetable 
substances with either hot or cold water. The drug is not subjected 
to boiling, as in making decoctions. When the strength and method 
of preparation is not otherwise specified, they are made by treating 
5 parts of the coarsely comminuted drug with boiling water to make 
100 parts. The following three are official : 

Infusum Digitalis. — See Digitalis. 

Infusum, Pruni Virginianse. — See Primus Virginiana. 

Infusum Sennae Compositum. — See Senna. 

IODOFORMUM. 

Latin, Iodoformum. Eng., Iodoform. Formula, CHI 3 . 
Form. — A lemon-yellow powder or crystals. 

Odor and Taste. — A peculiar, very penetrating and persistent 
odor, and an unpleasant, slightly sweetish and iodine-like taste. 
SolubUity. — In 9391 parts of water or 46.7 parts of alcohol. 
Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). 

Official Preparation. 

Unguentum Iodoformi. Eng., Iodoform Ointment. Contains 10 per 
cent, of the drug. 

Therapeutic Action. — Probably a mild antiseptic and local 
analgesic. 

Uses. — Principally as a dressing for wounds and various local 
lesions, particularly if of a syphilitic or tuberculous character. 

Administration. — The odor renders the drug particularly ob- 
jectionable. As a dressing it is usually applied dry or by means 
of the five or ten per cent, iodoform gauze. Sometimes used in 
the form of ointments, or suspensions. 

IODOLUM. 

Latin, Iodolum. Eng., Iodol. 

A light grayish-brown powder, without odor or taste. 

Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Mild antiseptic. 

Uses. — Externally. — Recommended as a dressing for wounds, 
ulcers, etc. Internally. — Recommended for diabetes, syphilis and 
scrofula. Seldom used. 



200 IODUM. 



IODUM. 



Latin, Iodum (Gen.. Iodi). Eng.. Iodine. 

Form. — Heavy, bluish-black plates. 

Odor and Taste. — A distinctive, penetrating odor; a sharp, acrid 
taste. 

Solubility. — In about 5000 pans of water ; in 10 parts of alcohol. 
More soluble in the presence of Potassium Iodide. 

Incompatible*. — Alkaloids, ammonia, mineral acids, tannic acid, 
oil of turpentine, starch, vegetable colors, etc. 

Average Dose. — 1 10 grain (0.005 Gm.i. 

Official Preparations. 

Liquor Iodi Compositus. Eng., Compound Solution of Iodine. 
Synonym, Lugol's Solution. Iodine, 5 Gm.; Potassium Iodide, 10 Gm. ; 
Water, to make 100 Cc. 

Average Dose. — 3 minims (02 Cc). 

Tinctura Iodi. Eng., Tincture of Iodine. Iodine, 70 Gm. ; Potassium 
Iodide, 50 Gm. ; Alcohol, to make 1000 Cc. 

Average Dose. — \y 2 minims (0.1 Cc. . 

Unguentum Iodi. Eng., Iodine Ointment. Iodine. 4 Gm.; Potassium 
Iodide. 4 Gm.: Glycerin. 12 Gm.; Benzoinated Lard, SO Gm. 

Therapeutic Action. — Germicide, irritant, alterative, resolvent. 

Uses. — Sometimes used in the treatment of goiter, typhoid 
fever, diarrhea, vomiting, etc. Locally, it is used for disinfect- 
ing the skin for surgical work and for disinfecting fresh wounds, 
abscesses, etc : also used as an application for toothache, ton- 
sillitis, ulcers, adenitis, erysipelas, and superficial infections gen- 
erally. L'sed as a counterirritant in pleurisy and many other 
Sometimes used by inhalation for bronchitis, etc. 

Toxicology. — Chronic iodine poisoning is discussed under 
"Iodides." Acute iodine poisoning is usually evidenced by the 
characteristic discoloration of the mucous membrane of the 
mouth and throat. The treatment consists in administering 
starch or. if that is inaccessible, a dilute solution of ammonia. 
Demulcent drinks should be given freely. If the quantity of the 
drug taken is large, emesis should be induced. 

Administration. — The Tincture is the preparation most com- 
monly used. It is usually prescribed alone. The present offi- 
cial tincture, which contains Potassium Iodide, is freely miscible 
with either water or alcohol. Some frequently used prescriptions 
are shown in the following : 



IODUM. 201 

As a local application in the treatment of tonsillitis, inflamed 
glands, abscess, furuncle, insect-bite, inflamed joints,, etc. : 

R or 

Tinctune Iodi fSj 

Sig. — '"Poison/" 

Apply once daily as directed. 

Or: 

R or 

Tinctune Iodi. 

Tincturae Aconiti aa f3ss 15 

Sig. — "Poison.*" 

Apply twice a day as directed. 

It may usually be applied to the skin several days before too much local 
irritation develops. 

This is also extensively used in the treatment of toothache. 

As a local application for tonsillitis, etc. ; also for clavus : 

R or 

Phenolis Liq ttixxy 1 5 

Tinct. Iodi f5iv 15 

Glycerini q. s. f 5j 30 

M. 

Sig. — Apply as directed. 

As an application to mucous membrane : 

R l or 

Iodi gr. j 065 

Potassii Iodidi gr. xx 1 300 

Glycerini q. .s. f 3j 3( '300 

M. 

Sig. — Apply as directed. 

Iodine is sometimes used internally in the treatment of goiter : 

R or 

Iodi gr. ij 13 

Potas. Iodidi gr. viij 50 

Alcoholis f3j 4 00 

Glycerini foiv 15 00 

Aquae q. s. f 5ij 60)00 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water after meals. 



1 Ruhrah: Diseases of Children. 



:■:: 



::".:: 



As a vaginal douche in vaginitis, endometritis, ovaritis, salpin- 

r_: r e:: 

R :r 

7m:- I: :. :*!:. :7 

5:; — 77 t -.-. ■ - - - 

_:f i; : t ".;.:;"t: .:: ::ii:r..:: ^_: ::t H-7 ." :~~::t ii7j 



AMMONH IODIDUM. £ 

7 : ■ — 5 ;v. i .. : : . ■ : 

. : : : 7 : r — " : : 7e5i 
7: > \ — I- ::::-:::. 

.-:::. 7 r :: . : :i 71 

POTASSH IODIDUM. E 
-- — _::_Tf5 :r~ ~: . i :: 

.7: - : ; Z i:~: —7, 7. i: : : 



A—— - - : — I:77i 7:::.. 7i N"Hj7. 
:r zriz it: 

:. r; i \ ..r.t : i f : t 
: : : ::~i : : : . : : ".: 7_ 
Gm.). 

- : : ■ ■ . _ - . ' -v 

:::e rrin7i: ; : — it: 
:-...•:-: :::: i : ■:.".::" ;.i_:nt. "::::"■:: 



7 7 ; • —7 " ;r: : : - i:tr : : 7: : . : II zim : : 7: 7:7. 

.-:.-■:..-.- 7:;.— ~ : _ _r:.-f '_ 70! I-— . 

Vr.r_e -.-._ — 7 : : i s s.. Zziii: 7 _ ! ; - 7 - - :— I : 7 ie. 

T : : : : f 1] : ±r : -.- . : :: z'-t :r _ ?::i5f:u~ I: 7; it :f :::::;iri :n 
I : : . r. t ! .::".::: 

S O D 1 1 I O D I D V M . Z r. _ ; 7 7 1 

. : " ' . " — : ' . •• '. r r r : : : i 7. : Z"~j :::: :ir:: 
f "7" : — In !• : : ::~ :: -Z±: : : :i~i ::' il:7n7.. 



1 v: 



?ivmb: ic 

577?H7 7 
THVMOT T' 

ZINCI IOD 



. - : _ — . .. " 

ACIDUM HYDRIODK 

7 : .: r i : f : . : : t • : . : HI i 
■!::■: — : 



7 7 7*7 M 



IODUM. _ " 

Syrupus Acidi Hydriodici. Eng, Syrup of Hydriodic Acid. Contains 
about 1 per cent by weight of the absolute acid (HI). 
Average Dose. — 1 fiuidrachm (4 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Alterative, resolvent- 
Uses. — Extensively employed in the treatment of syphilis, 
rheumatism, arteriosclerosis, angina pectoris, interstitial nephri: is 
chronic bronchitis, asthma, goiter, lead- and mercury- poisoning, 
hepatic cirrhosis, and after the acute stage in apoplexy, menin- 
gitis, etc. 

Iodism. — The :: dices ir.~y s::::e:i:::es :::i.;t u::c".es.sa.r.: 
results even when taken in comparatively small amounts. The 
usual symptoms are: pain in the articulation of the inferior 
maxilla, coryza, excessive flow of saliva and skin lesions which 
may assume any one of a variety of forms. The treatment con- 

ts in discontinuing the drug and favoring elimination. Large 
doses : sodium bi:_ mate have been recommended. 

Administration. — Potassium Iodide is by far the most largely 
used : Sodium Iodide would come next. It will be noted that the 
iodides are colorless crys:alline salts, freely soluble in water and 
forming clear, colorless solutions. They have a tendency to 
absorb moisture from the air, so should not be dispensed in pow- 
ders. They should not be given in capsules, as the action on the 
gastric mucosa would be undesirable. They should always be 
prescribed in solution if for internal use, and administered well 
diluted. Many prefer that the patient use milk as the diluent, as 
it seems to reduce to a minimum the disagreeable gastric er:e::s 
and tends to better disguise the taste. 

To prevent the possibility of an almost insoluble compound being 
formed with starch, if that agent is present, the usual time of ad- 
ministration is an hour before or two hours after meals. 

An iodide is usually prescribed in solution alone or with iodine 
or other iodides : an exception to this is the so-called "Mixed Treat- 
ment," when an iodide is prescribed with a mercuric salt, and some- 
times with such agents as the Compound Syrup of 5~rsaparilla or 
Compound Tincture of Cinchona. 

When the dose of the iodide is to be changed or the drug long 
continued, the most convenient and economical method is to pre- 
5 : ribe it alone in an aqueous solution, a minim of which will repre- 
se::: a grain of the drug. Too large an amount should not be or- 
dered at any time, as the solution is apt to undergo decomposition 
and free iodine be liberated. 



204 



IODUM. 



It should be remembered that the iodides precipitate most 
alkaloids. 

Probably the most common and convenient method of administer- 
ing an iodide is in the following so-called "saturated solution" : 

B or 

Potassii Iodidi , . 3j 30j 

Aquae Dest q. s. f 5 j 30] 

M. ft. sol. 

Sig. — Begin with five (5) drops as directed. 
Among the advantages of this prescription are economy and convenience in 
changing dose. 

Several iodides are sometimes combined, as : 

R or 

Potassii Iodidi. 

Sodii Iodidi aa. 5i j 

Strontii Iodidi 3j 

Aquae q. s. fSiv 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful with milk two hours after meals. 



8 

4 

120 



Ammonium Iodide is sometimes used alone or in combination 
for pulmonary trouble, as in the following for asthma : 

B or 

Ammonii Iodidi 3j 4 

Potassii Iodidi oiv 15 

Ammonii Bromidi 5ij 8 

Elix. Aromatici q. s. l*5iv 120 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful with water three times a day. 

Mixed treatment may be prescribed, as : 
3 or 

Hydrarg. Chlor. Corros gr. ij 113 

Potassii Iodidi 5i 30,00 

Aquae Dest q. s. f 5j 30j00 

M. ft. sol. 

Sig. — Ten (10) drops after meals as directed. 

Mixed treatment with a bitter tonic is often considered desirable 

n or 

Hydrarg. Chlor. Corros gr. iss 1 

Potassii Iodidi ov 20J0 

Aquae fSj 30J0 

Tinct. Cinchon. Co q. s. foiv 120|0 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful with water before meals. 



IODUM. 



_: : 



In the treatment of syphilis in infants : 
Ui r 

Hydrarg. Chlor. Corros gr. j 

Potassii Iodidi 3ij 

Syr. Zingiberis i'3j 

Aquae q. 5. f 5ij 

M. 

Sig. — Five (5) drops in milk three times a day. 

In the treatment of syphilis in the tertian- stage : 

R± or 

Hydrarg. Iod. Rub gr. iv 

Potassii Iodidi o. 

. - |uae Desti" c. 5. io '■''; 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water after meals. 

In the treatment of syphilis : 

R- or 

Hydrarg. Iodidi Rub gr. iv 

Potassii Iodidi 5iv 

Syr. Sarsaparillae Co c. 5. : - 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water four times daily. 



8 
30 
60 



065 
000 
000 
000 



is: :o 



180 00 



Or: 

Potassii Iodidi. 
Sodii Iodidi. 

Ammonii Iodidi aa. gr. xcvj 6 

5 . rupi Aurantii f 3 i 3! 

Aquae q. s. f 5vj 1 S 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful well diluted four times daily. 

In the treatment of conditions attended with high blood-pressure, 
as arteriosclerosi- : 

R or 

Sodii Xitritis gr. xv 1 

Potassii Iodidi gr. clx 10 

Aquae q. s. f 3iv 120 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful with milk two hour; after meals. 



i Musser and Kellr: Practical Treatment. 

3 White and Martin : Genito-urinary and Venereal Diseases. 
* Ibid. 



: . ipecac; 

7.- :r 

I zr >5 

7 :::.-•.. 1: :.: rr :::: 

GtTcercEEi q.. 5- faj .'.'- 

:■: 

mz — Ac ply ii ii7±-:~zL 

IPECACUANHA. 

7 - .:•. 1;: : . r I: c I:t:;: The 

::.e ::::::: —'rlz'z :..- : t :.:::. :r.e : i : : ~ . : r. : : I~e ?:e~ : : 7 :■: :.'- 
; ::.:: : ' : :: ~ : ; '::.:: ::z 

— Trre.ine 1 :: J r er :en: 7 

A: ' I // — Z::r:: :/;:;: 1 ; : It:: 1 : 



■-->—. _ 



: - : - : ■ .; 



(1 Cc). 

?_l.s I;e:i:_2--2 e: 7;:: — ; :: 1 : u~ ; _-" 

Svr_r_5 Ire;i;_i--= I .- _.- 5; - .. ; :: lz±:i: 7.:::trfi:f " ;r: it:.: 
of Ipecac Contains some :i<L 

^mrvgc Dost. — Expectorant. IS minims (1 Cc>. Emetic,, 4 mndiachms 
(15 Cc). 

Tinetnra Iprrarnanhae et OpiL — See Opium, p. 243. 

'•'.-. -— I; t: = :u = -l-2 I - _ " ".: • t : : 1; -. : i : 7 ;: - t— - = 1 ! ; -~ : t -:. 
:: 1; t : i: 

/ra^re Dose. — IS minims (1 C: 

1 ; -.- : i : : = 7. - : :::::.::: : r. 7 : ~; ; : .: n : 1 1: : : : . • t 7 . - 

Therapeutic Action. — Emetic, expectorant, diaphoretic. 

Uses. — Coughs,, bronchitis, pn e um onia, amebic dysentery and 

: : : : 
- rir.r -:'■'- A ::n?:::v.rr.: :::::.:;; .::a::-: : :rr.v.:l.c 
A:~::.:::i:::: — 7 St : I -.:.: :.-.'. I.e ?: .er ■: : 

Ipecac and Opium are the forms most commonly used. 

The expectorant dose as here given will often prove too large. 

: - I.e 

: i:: ::r :: :x:- :: : ran: : : — : 77 : ■-_ : lenr.re :: I~e 7 a:: en: if l-:r.: r. 



IPECACUANHA. 1\~ 

>wing prescriptions illustrate some methods of pre- 



" 



12 



R :r 

t. Ipframanhae 

— 7 _ .t: :■: ..: . ! e^trj zfTten rr.i-zizts : ... z~±zz 
- :r rhilirt" 5 in the. rti~rr.: : : = : :. s~ : : . ; : r : ; - :•; f ; : : il ~:u_i 
t r.- er 

In exf e :: : rant preparations I for child 4 ye^rs : I i 

" or 

Potassii Crtratis gr. Kw 

5 r -:-.'.':.'.. :.z.7z .... E§ss i 

Spir. ^Etheris Xit. £Sj 

Syr. Limoris :':.-- 15 

Aqe3E : 5 :"f.. :■'_ 

M. 
; r — 7ri5; : ::::v:l ::; i:tT ever.- : : 

Or: 

R : r 

Syr. Ipecacuanha? ... : ' " f « 2 

7 ::: : : :: 5 5 _ : : : : " 

Liq. Potas. Citrat:; ..q. s. ffij 

M. 

In the treatment of the cough of measle s 

7::i55:: 7:r-:.f . .. .... . ' :: 15 

T.imoms Succi £5j 

Tract. Opii Canspfe. . - 

"."r :*";; 

Syr. Toratani s f5j :«! 

M. 

I:: :. li".i::vf ; t :::r. : : : :. : e: : : . : r.. ; 

R- . : 

Mas. Hydraigyri, 

Aloes Pnlv., 

Iz erirjinJUc ? .:. 

^i;5::: -^ _ IL gr. :; 






208 JALAPA. 

In the interval treatment of spasmodic laryngitis : 

R 1 or 

Tinct. Aconiti rn_ viij |5 

Syr. Ipecacuanhae fSiss 610 

Tinct. Opii Camph f3iij 12 

Liq. Potassii Cit q. s. f 5ij 90 

M. 

Sig.— "Shake." 

Teaspoonful even - two hours. 

JALAPA. 

Latin. Talapa (Gen., Jalapae). Eng.. Jalap. The dried tuberous 
root of Exogonhim purga. 

Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 

Official Preparations. 

Pulvis Jalapae Compositus. Eng.. Compound Powder of Jalap. Jalap. 
35 Gm.; Potassium Bitartrate, 65 Gm. 
Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). 

Resina Jalapae. Eng., Resin of Jalap. 
Average Dose. — 2 grains (0.125 Gm.). 

Resin of Jalap is contained in the Compound Cathartic Pills and Vege- 
table Cathartic Pills. 

Therapeutic Action. — Purgative I . hydragogue ), diuretic. 

Uses. — Employed as a purgative, particularly in such condi- 
tions as nephritis, dropsy, apoplexy and uremia. 

Administration. — It is usually given in the form of the Com- 
pound Powder. The following illustrates the method of 
prescribing : 

As a hydragogue cathartic : 
R or 

Pulv. Jalapae Co 3iv IS 

Ft. cht. no. vj. 

Sig. — One every two hours till effect. 

In the treatment of ascites : 
R2 or 

Pulv. Jalapae Comp o] 30] 

Ft. cht. no. viij. 

Siar. — One in water an hour before breakfast. 



i Hushes: Practice of Medicine. 
- 1 Ibid. 



KAOLINUM. KIXO. 209 

KAOLINUM. 

Latin. Kaolinum. Eng.. Kaolin. 

A native Aluminum Silicate. A soft, white or yellowish- white 
powder, or in lumps. 

Official Preparation. 

Cataplasma Kaolini. Eng.. Cataplasm of Kaolin. Kaolir_. 577 Gm.; 
Boric Acid, 45 Gm.; Thymol, 0.5 Gm.: Methyl Salicylate, 2 Gm. : Oil of 
Peppermint, 0.5 Gm. : Glycerin, 375 Gm. 

Therapeutic Action. — Cataplasm of Kaolin is said to be emol- 
lient, local sedative, exosmotic, antiphlogistic. 

Uses. — Employed in the treatment of pleurisy, pneumonia, 
mastitis, sprains and deep-seated pain generally. 

Administration. — The official Cataplasm of Kaolin is still not 
stocked by many druggists or often prescribed, as the proprietary- 
preparations have a rather strong hold on the profession. It 
should be applied direct to the skin over the part affected. It 
is used as hot as patient can tolerate, and is used in a layer from 
one-eighth to one-quarter inch in thickness. This is covered 
with a heavy layer of absorbent cotten. The application is 
usuallv changed everv six to twelve hot 



*fc 



KINO. 

Latin. Kino (Gen.. Kinot. Eng., Kino. The inspissated juice 
of Pterocarpus marsupium. 

Principal Constituent. — Kinotannic Acid (about 75 per cent . 
Average Dos:. — 7- 2 grains .500 Gm.). 

Official Preparation. 

Tinctura Kino. Eng., Tincture of Kino. Represents 5 per cent, of the 
dr.:. 

Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Astringent. 

Uses. — Principally used in the treatment of diarrhea and 
dysentery. 

Administration. — The tincture is the preparation employed. 
It is usually given with other agents, as in the following 
illustration : 

14 



210 KRAMERIA. LACTUCARIUM. 

In the treatment of enterocolitis : 

3 1 or 

Bismuthi Subnitr 3iij 12 

Tinct. Kino, 

Tinct. Opii Camph aa f Siss 45 

Misturae Cretae q. s. f Hvj 180 

M. 

Sig.— "Shake." 

Tablespoonful every three hours till effect. 

KRAMERIA. 

Latin, Krameria. Eng., Krameria. Synonym, Rhatany. The 
dried root of Krameria triandra, K. ixina, or K. argentea. 
Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 

Official Preparations. 

Extractum Krameriae. Eng., Extract of Krameria. 

Average Dose. — iy 2 grains (0.500 Gm.). 

Fluidextractum Krameriae. Eng., Fluidextract of Krameria. 
Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). 

Syrupus Krameriae. Eng., Syrup of Krameria. Represents 45 per 
cent, of the drug. 

Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). 

Tinctura Krameriae. Eng., Tincture of Krameria. Represents 20 per 
cent, of the drug. 

Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). 

Trochisci Krameriae. Eng., Troches of Krameria. Each troche con- 
tains about 1 grain (0.06 Gm.) of the drug. 

Therapeutic Action. — Astringent. 

Uses. — Has been recommended for diarrhea, dysentery, and 
as a local application for hemorrhages from the nose, rectum, etc. 
Seldom prescribed. 

LACTUCARIUM. 

Latin, Lactucarium. Eng., Lactacarium. Synonym, Lettuce. 
The concrete milk- juice of Lactuca virosa. 
Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 

Official Preparations. 

Syrupus Lactucarii. Eng., Syrup of Lactucarium. Represents 5 per 
cent, of the drug. 

Average Dose. — 2 fluidrachms (8 Cc). 



1 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 



LAPPA. LEPTANDRA. LIMON. 211 

Tinctura Lactucarii. Eng., Tinctura Lactucarium. Represents 50 per 
cent, of the drug. 

Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Sedative, hypnotic. 

Uses. — Has been recommended for whooping-cough, hysteria, 
neurasthenia, etc. Seldom prescribed. 

LAPPA. 

Latin, Lappa. Eng., Lappa. Synonym, Burdock. The dried root 
of Arctium lappa or of other species of Arctium. 

Official Preparation. 

Fluidextractum Lappae. Eng., Fluidextract of Lappa. 
Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Said to be diuretic, diaphoretic, alter- 
ative. 

Uses. — Has been recommended for various chronic skin 
diseases. Seldom prescribed. 

LEPTANDRA. 

Latin, Leptandra. Eng., Leptandra. Synonym, Culver's Root. 
The dried rhizome and roots of Veronica virginica. 
Principal Constituent. — Leptandrin. 
Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 

Official Preparations. 

Extractum Leptandrae. Eng., Extract of Leptandra. 
Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). 

Fluidextractum Leptandrae. Eng., Fluidextract of Leptandra. 
Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Said to be a cholagogue purgative. 
Uses. — Has been recommended for chronic constipation and 
as an adjuvant for other purgative agents. Seldom prescribed. 

LIMON— Lemon. 

The following parts are official : 

LIMONIS CORTEX. Eng., Lemon Peel. The recently separated 
outer rind of the ripe fruit of Citrus limonum. 



212 



LIMOX. 



Official Preparation and Constituent of Lemon Peel. 

Tinctura Limonis Corticis. Eng.. Tincture of Lemon PeeL Repre- 
sents 50 per cent, of the drug. 

OLEUM LIMONIS. Eng., Oil of Lemon. 
Ave age Dose. — - : minims (0.2 Cc). 

LIMONIS SUCCUS. Eng., Lemon Juice rhe freshly expressed 

juice of the ripe fruit of Citrus limonum. 
At age Dose. — 1 fluidounce (30 Cc). 

Lemon and Oil of Lemon are contained in several official preparations. 

Unofficial Preparation. 

Sy rupus Limonis. Eng., Syrup of Lemon. Contains some free Ci: 
Acid. 

Ave age Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 jt 

Therapeutic Action. — The Oil of Lemon st ::iachic and 

flavoring agent. Lemon-juice is refrigerant and antiscorbut: : 

Uses. — The oil and its preparations are used as flavoring 
agents. Lemon juice in the form of lemonade is frequently em- 
ployed in fevr a refrigerant drink and as a means of inducing 
the patient to take large quantities oi water. 
:ric Acid and Citra: 



In the treatment of the cough of measles : 
Ri r 

Potass &s 

Limonis Succi 

Tinct. Opii Camph. . 

5 r. Ipecacuanhae 

5yi I rlutani q. s. f 1 

S g — t x>nful in water every two he 



8 



In the treatment of cough (for child 4 years old 



:r 



Potassii Citratis ... 

Spir. .Etheris Xit fiffij 

Syr. Ipecacuanha? 

S r Limonis 

. , - S 

M. 

- a — Teaspoon ful every two hours when awa 






: - : ' . : : - 



LINIMENTUM. LIXUM. LIQUOR. 213 

LINIMENTUM— Liniment. 

Liniments are liquid preparations for external use and usually 
applied with rubbing. The following eight are official: 

Linimentum Ammoniae. — See Ammonia. 
Linimentum Belladonnae. — See Belladonna. 
Linimentum Calcis. — See Calcium. 
Linimentum Camphors. — See Camphora. 
Linimentum Chloroformi. — See Chloroformum. 
Linimentum Saponis. — See S?.e:. 
Linimentum Saponis Mollis. — See S?.;:. 
Linimentum Terebinthinae. — See Terebinthina. 

LINUM. 

Latin, Linum. Eng., Linseed, Flaxseed. The ripe seeds of 
L in u m usitatissimu m. 

Official Constituent. 

Oleum Lini. Eng., Linseed Oil. 

Average Dose. — 1 flnidounce (30 Cc.). 

Linseed Oil is contained in several official preparations. Two Lir.stec 
Oils are on the market, known as the "raw" and the "boiled." The 
former is the one used in medicine. 

Therapeutic Action. — Demulcent, emollient, laxative, diuretic. 

Uses. — Flaxseed in the form of meal is extensively used by 
the public as poultices for boils, sprains, etc. The oil is used in 
veterinary practice for colic. It is seldom prescribed for internal 
use in man, but is a constituent in making Lime Liniment, which 
is much used for minor burns. Seldom prescribed. 

LIQUOR— Solution. 

This class consists of aqueous solutions of non-volatile substances. 
They present the greatest variety in strength, character and method 
of preparation. They are usually very active medicinal preparations. 
There are twenty-five official solutions, as follows : 

Liquor Acidi Arsenosi. — See Arsercum. 

Liquor Ammonii Acetatis. — See Ammonium. 

Liquor Antisepticus. — See Acicum Bzricum 

Liquor Arseni et Hydrargyri Iodidi. — See Arseicum. 

Liquor Calcis. — See Calcium. 

Liquor Chlori Compositus. — See Chlorum. 

Liquor Cresolis Compositus. — See Cresol. 



2U LITHUM. LOBELIA. 

Liquor Ferri Chloridi. — See Ferrum. 
Liquor Ferri et Ammonii Acetatis. — See Ferrum. 
Liquor Ferri Subsulphatis. — See Ferrum. 
Liquor Ferri Tersulphatis. — See Ferrum. 
Liquor Formaldehydi. — See Formaldehyde. 
Liquor Hydrargyri Nitratis. — See Hydrargyrum. 
Liquor Iodi Compositus. — See Iodum. 
Liquor Magnesii Citratis. — See Magnesium. 
Liquor Plumbi Subacetatis. — See Plumbum- 
Liquor Plumbi Subacetatis Dilutum. — See Plumbum. 
Liquor Pctassii Arsenitis. — See Arsenum. 
Liquor Potassii Citratis. — See Potassium. 
Liquor Potassii Hydroxidi. — See Potassium. 
Liquor Scdae Chlorinatas. — See Sodium. 
Liquor Sodii Arsenatis. — See Arsenum. 
Liquor Sodii Hydroxidi. — See Sodium. 
Liquor Sodii Phosphatis Compositus. — See Sodium. 
Liquor Zinci Chloridi. — See Zincum. 

LITHUM. 
Official Salts and Preparations. 

LITHII BENZOAS.— See Benzoates, p. 86. 
LITHII BROMIDUM.— See Bromides, p. 94. 
LITHII CARBONAS. Eng., Lithium Carbonate. 
Average Dose. — ~~ i grains (0.500 Gm.). 
LITHII CITRAS.— See Citrate, p. 19. 
Lithii Citras Eflervescens. — See Citrates, p. 19. 
LITHII SALICYLAS.— See Salicylates, p. - 

LOBELIA. 

Latin. Lobelia. Eng., Lobelia. The dried leaves and top- 
Lobelia in flat a. 

Average Dose. — 7 l A grains (0.5 Gm.). 

Official Preparations. 

Fluidextractum Lobeliae. Eng., Fluidextract of Lobelia. 
t Dose. — 8 minims (0.5 Cc). 

Tinctura Lobeliae. Eng., Tincture Lobelia. Represents 10 per cent, 
of the drug. 

Ave je Dose. — Expectorant 15 minims (1 Cc Emetic, 1 fluidrachm 
(4 Cc . 

Therapeutic Action. — Antispasmodic, depressant, emetic, 
expectorant. 

Uses. — Principallv used for asthma, bronchitis, and kindred 
conditions. Seldom prescribed. 



LUPULINUM. LYCOPODIUM. MAGNESIUM. 215 

LUPULINUM. 



See Humulus, p. 181. 



LYCOPODIUM. 



Latin, Lycopodium. Eng.. Lycopodium. The spore of Lycopo- 
dium claratum or of other species of Lycopodium. 

A fine yellowish powder, almost odorless and tasteless. 

MAGNESIUM. 

Official Salts and Preparations. 

MAGNESII CARBONAS. Eng., Magnesium Carbonate. 

Form. — White powder or mass 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless; almost tasteless. 

Solubility. — Insoluble in water or alcohol. 

Average Dose. — 45 grains (3 Gm.). 

Magnesium Carbonate is used in preparing many official preparations. 

LIQUOR MAGNESII CITRATIS. Eng.. Solution of Magnesium 
Citrate. An aqueous solution of freshly prepared Magnesium Citrate con- 
taining an excess of citric acid, impregnated with carbon dioxide and 
sweetened with syrup. 

At crage Dose. — 12 fluidounces (360 Cc.). 

MAGNESII OXIDUM. Eng., Magnesium Oxide, Magnesia. Syno- 
nyms, Calcined Magnesia, Light Magnesia- 
Form. — White, bulky powder. 
Odor and Taste. — Odorless and almost taste'. 
Solubility. — Practically insoluble in water or alcohol. 
Incompatibles. — Acids, copaiba, salts of iron ; water, etc. 
Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). 
Magnesium Oxide is used in several official preparations. 

MAGNESII OXIDUM PONDEROSUM. Eng., Heavy Magnesium 
Oxide, Heavy Magnesia. A white powder differing from the foregoing 
in not being so bulky ; r so readily uniting with water. 

Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gc:. . 

MAGNESII SULPHAS. Eng., Magnesium Sulphate. Synonyms, 
Epsom Salts, Salts. 

Form. — Small, colorless prisms or needles. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless; saline and bitter taste. 

Solubility. — In 1.1 parts of water. Insoluble in alcohol. 

Incompatibles. — Alkaloids, arsenates, carbonates, phosphates, tartrates, 
phosphoric acid, lime water, lead acetate, silver nitrate, etc. 
-.crage Dose. — 240 grains (16 Gm.). 

Magnesium Sulphate is contained in the Compound Infusion of Senna. 

Magnesii Sulphas Ettervescens. Eng., Effervescing Magnesium Sul- 
phate. Represents 50 per cent, of Magnesium Sulphate. 



216 MAGNESIUM. 

Therapeutic Action. — The oxides and the carbonate are 
antacid and laxative. The sulphate is a hydragogue purgative. 

Uses. — The oxides and the carbonates are principally used 
in hyperchlorhydria, gastric ulcer, etc. The sulphate is one of 
the most extensively used purgatives. 

Administration. — Magnesium Sulphate, Magnesium Oxide, 
and the solution of Magnesium Citrate are the preparations most 
frequently prescribed. The latter preparation is dispensed in 
bottles of 12 fluidounces, and should always be prescribed in 
that quantity. After it has been opened and the excess of carbon 
dioxide escaped, it acquires a flat taste ; so should always be 
ordered fresh. The druggist usually charges 25 cents for the 
prescription. 

Magnesium Sulphate is the cheapest and probably the most 
largely used purgative. It is usually kept by the laity, and it is often 
advisable, particularly with the poorer class of patients, to merely 
include in the written instructions for patient, an order that a cer- 
tain amount of Epsom Salts be taken. This preparation is com- 
monly called "Salts," and when the word is written without the final 
"s" being legible, or the word "Epsom" being employed, it has been 
mistaken for "Salt," and Sodium Chloride used. A desirable method 
of administering it is in a glass of lemonade. 

As a laxative : 

I* or 

Magnesii Sulph. Efferves Siv 1201 

Sig. — Heaping teaspoon ful in glass of water. 

As a purgative : 

$ or 

Magnesii Sulph 3.j 30 

Syrupi f Sss 15 

Limonis Succi q. s. f3i j 60 

M. 

Sig. — Tablespoonful in glass of water every four hours until effect. 



In the treatment of diarrhea : 

I* or 

Magnesii Sulphatis 3iv 15 

Tinct. Opii Deod ni,xl 2 

Acidi Sulph. Arom f3iss 6 

Aquae Menth. Pip q. s. f&iv 120 

M. 

Sig. — Tablespoonful every four hours until relieved. 



MALTUM. 



217 



As an aperient in the treatment of comedo: 
Bi or 

Magnesii Sulphatis Siss 

Ferri Sulphatis gr. xvj 

Acidi Sulph. Dil Sij 

Aquae q. s. fBviij 

Sig. — Tablespoonful in water before breakfast. 



As a purgative : 

Liq. Magnesii Citratis 

Sig. — Take half ( T / 2 ) before breakfast. 



or 



fSxij 



45 

1 

8 

240 



3601 



As an antacid, as in the treatment of hyperacidity : 
$ or 

Magnesii Oxidi 3iv 15 

Calcii Carb. Prsec 3ij 8 

Sodii Bicarb Siij 12 

Bism. Subnitr Zij 8 

01. Menth. Pip tt\,v 3 

M. 

Sig. — Level teaspoonful in milk two hours after meals. 

This may be ordered to be made into powders (about 20) and the direc- 
tions made to read one powder in milk two hours after meals. 



In the treatment of erythema venenatum: 
$2 or 

Acidi Borici gr. xv 

Talci Purificati gr. xx 

Cretae Preparatas 3ij 

Magnesii Carbonatis 3iij 

M. 

Sig. — Use as a dusting powder. 



110 

1|3 

8|0 

1210 



MALTUM. 

Latin, Maltum. Eng\, Malt. The grain of barley, Hordeum 
distichon, partially germinated artificially and then dried. 

Official Preparation. 

Extractum Malti. Eng., Extract of Malt. A sweet, thick, brownish 
liquid. 

Average Dose. — 4 fluidrachms (16 Cc). 



1 Ohmann-Dumesnil: Diseases of the Skin. 

2 Ibid. 



218 MAXGANUM. MANNA. MARRUBIUM. 

Therapeutic Action. — Nutrient and tonic. 

Uses. — Malt food and beverages are frequently recommended 
to improve digestion, increase weight, stimulate the secretion 
of milk and relieve constipation. 

Administration. — Seldom used except in the form of the 
various proprietary beverages, foods, etc. 

MANGANUM. 

Official Salts. 

MANGANI DIOXIDUM PRiECIPITATUM. Eng., Precipitated 
Manganese Dioxide. 

Form. — A black powder. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless and tasteless. 

Solubility. — Insoluble in water and alcohol. 

Incompatibles. — Alkalies, carbonates, phosphates, etc. 

Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). 

MANGANI HYPOPHOSPHIS.— See Acidum Hypophosphorosum, 
p. 24. 

MANGANI SULPHAS. Eng., Manganese Sulphate. 

Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). 

POTASSII PERMANGANAS.— See Potassium, p. 274. 

Therapeutic Action. — Manganese dioxide is classed as a tonic, 
alterative and emmenagogue. 

Uses. — Principally used for functional amenorrhea and anemia. 

Administration. — Precipitated manganese dioxide is usually 
employed in the form of the ready-prepared pills or in capsules, 
either alone or with Ferrous Carbonate, Arsenic Trioxide, etc. 

MANNA. 

Latin, Manna. Eng., Manna. The concrete saccharine exudation 
of Fraximus Ornus. 

Average Dose. — 240 grains (16 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Classed as a laxative, demulcent and 
nutrient. 

Uses. — It is employed as a household remedy, usually in com- 
bination with Senna, as a purgative. Manna is considered par- 
ticularly desirable on account of its pleasant taste. Seldom 
prescribed. 

MARRUBIUM. 

Latin, Marrubium. Eng., Marrubium. Synonym, Horehound. 
The dried leaves and flowering tops of Marrubium vulgarc. 



MASSA. MATRICARIA. 219 

Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). 
Therapeutic Action. — Expectorant, stomachic, etc. 
Uses. — Extensively used as a domestic remedy for coughs, 
laryngitis and kindred conditions. Seldom prescribed. 

MASSA— Mass. 

Masses are soft-solid preparations for internal use, and of such 
consistency that they may be molded into pills. They are frequently 
prescribed alone or with other agents, and may be given in pill form 
or put into capsules. The following two masses are official : 

Massa Ferri Carbonatis. — See Ferrum. 
Massa Hydrargyri. — See Hydrargyrum. 

MASTICHE. 

Latin, Mastiche. Eng., Mastic. A concrete resinous exudation 
from Pistacia Icntiscus. 

Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). 

Mastiche is contained in the Pills of Aloes and Mastiche. 

Therapeutic Action. — Said to be a mild stimulant, expectorant 
and diuretic. 

Uses. — Seldom prescribed. 

MATICO. 

Latin, Matico, Eng., Matico. The leaves of Piper angustifolium. 
Average Dose. — 60 grains (4 Gm.). 

Official Preparation. 

Fluidextractum Matico. Eng., Fluidextract of Matico. 
Average Dose. — 1 flmdrachm (4 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Said to be a stimulant, diuretic, and 
styptic. 

Uses. — Seldom employed. 

MATRICARIA. 

Latin, Matricaria. Eng., Matricaria. Synonym, German 
Chamomile. The dried flower-heads of Matricaria chamomilla. 
Average Dose. — 240 grains (16 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Stomachic, carminative, antispasmodic. 
Uses. — Seldom prescribed. 



220 MEL. MELLITA. MENTHA PIPERITA. 

MEL— Honey. 

Latin, Mel (Gen., Mellis). Eng., Honey. A saccharine secretion 
deposited in the honey-comb by the bee, Apis mcllifera. 
Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). 

Official Preparations. 

Mel Depuratum. Eng., Clarified Honey. 
Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc.). 

Mel Rosae. — See Rosa. 

Honey is contained in some other official preparations. 

Therapeutic Action. — Nutrient, mild laxative. 

Uses. — A pleasant flavor and sweetening agent. A constitu- 
ent of many cough and laxative preparations, gargles, etc. 

Administration. — Clarified Honey is usually prescribed with 
other agents in quantities only sufficient to give a pleasant taste. 

MELLITA. 

Preparations with honey as a menstruum. 

MENTHA PIPERITA. 

Latin, Mentha Piperita (Gen., Mentha? Piperita?). Eng., Pep- 
permint. The leaves and flowering tops of Mentha piperita. 
Average Dose. — 60 grains (4 Gm.). 

Official Constituents and Preparations. 

Oleum Menthae Piperitae. Eng., Oil of Peppermint. A volatile oil. 
Average Dose. — 3 minims (0.2 Cc). 

Menthol.— See Menthol, p. 222. 

Aqua Menthae Piperitae. Eng., Peppermint Water. A saturated, 
aqueous solution of Oil of Peppermint. 
Average Dose. — 4 fluidrachms (16 Cc). 

Spiritus Menthae Piperitae. Eng., Spirit of Peppermint. Synonym, 
Essence of Peppermint. Contains about 10 per cent, of Oil of Pepper- 
mint. 

Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). 

Spirit of Peppermint is contained in Mixture of Rhubarb and Soda. 



MEXTHA PIPERITA. 



221 



Therapeutic Action. — Oil of Peppermint is refrigerant, car- 
minative, stomachic, antiseptic. 

Uses. — Frequently used as a flavoring agent; also in the 
treatment of acute indigestion, flatulence, hysteria, etc. Exter- 
nally it is sometimes employed for neuralgia, rheumatism, etc. 

Administration. — The following prescriptions illustrate the 
employment of the preparations of peppermint both as active 
agents and as vehicles : 



B or 

Camphorae gr. iv 

01. Menth. Pip., 
Ol. Pini Syl., 

Eucalyptolis aa. ttl iv 

Petrolati Liq q. s. f Siv 

M. 

Sig. — Use as a spray even- four hours. 



120 



26 



26 

00 



The internal use of peppermint is shown in the following for 
acute indigestion : 

n or 

Spir. Menth. Pip., 

Spir. JEtheris Co aa. f §ss 151 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water every hour till relieved. 

In the treatment of acute indigestion, etc. : 

3 or 

Spir. Chloroformi, 

Spir. Menth. Pip aa. fSss 151 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water every two hours till relieved. 

These are usually employed in a glass of hot water, after having emptied 
the stomach by the use of warm saline solution. Sodium Bicarbonate is often 
added at the time of administration. 



Used as a vehicle in the treatment of rheumatism : 

Ri or 

Sodii Salicylatis 5ss 

Aquas Mentha; Pip q. s. f3iv 

M. 

Sig. — Two (2) teaspoon fuls well diluted every two hours. 



15 
120 



1 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 



222 MENTHA VIRIDIS. MENTHOL. 

In the treatment of chronic vomiting of childhood : 

Bi or 

Liq. Potas. Arsenitis nixij 

Sodii Bicarbonatis gr. xxiv 1 

Aquas Menthse Pip q. s. f&iij 90 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful three times a day. 

In a preparation for the treatment of constipation : 
R2 or 

Flext. Rhamni Pursh f Sj 30 

Tinct Cardamomi Comp f,§ss 15 

Glycerini f Sj 30 

Aquae Menthse Pip q. s. fSiij 90 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water after meals. 



75 
50 
00 



MENTHA VIRIDIS. 

Latin, Mentha Viridis. Eng., Spearmint. The dried leaves and 
flowering tops of Mentha spicata. 

Average Dose. — 60 grains (4 Gm.). 



Official Constituent and Preparation. 

Oleum Menthae Viridis. Eng., Oil of Spearmint. A volatile oil. 
Average Dose. — 3 minims (0.2 Cc.). 

Spiritus Menthae Viridis. Eng., Spirit of Spearmint. Represents 10 
per cent, of the oil and 1 per cent, of the crude drug. 
Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). 



Therapeutic Action. — Carminative, refrigerant, etc. 
active than peppermint. 

Uses. — Seldom prescribed. 



Less 



MENTHOL. 

Latin, Menthol (Gen., Mentholis). Eng., Menthol. A second- 
ary alcohol obtained from Peppermint Oil. 

Form. — Colorless Crystals. 

Odor and Taste. — Odor of Peppermint. A warm, aromatic taste, 
followed by a sensation of cold when air is drawn into the mouth. 

Solubility. — Only slightly soluble in water. Freely soluble in 
alcohol and chloroform. 



1 Ruhrah: Diseases of Children. 

2 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 



MENTHOL. 223 

Incompatibles. — Liquefies when triturated with camphor, hy- 
drated chloral, thymol, etc. 

Average Dose. — 1 grain (0.065 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Antiseptic, stimulant, carminative, local 
sedative. 

Uses. — In various ways it is employed in the treatment of 
bronchitis, coryza, neuralgia, pruritus, diarrhea, typhoid fever, 
etc. 

Administration. — Menthol is seldom prescribed as such for 
internal use. It is a constituent of many of the so-called "anti- 
septics." It is frequently used in ointments r liniments, inhala- 
tions, etc. Some combinations are shown in the following: 

As an inhalation in rhinitis, sinus involvement, laryngitis, bron- 
chitis, etc. : 

B or 

Mentholis, 

Camphorae aa. 3ij 8 

M. tere bene. 
Sig. — Inhale frequently. 

Or: 

R or 

Mentholis, 

Camphorae aa. 3j 4 

Tinct. Benzoini Co q. s. fBij 60 

M. 

Sig. — Use teaspoonful to pitcher of hot water. 

Written instructions should be left with patient as to frequency and dura- 
tion of the inhalations. Usually they are employed for about ten minutes 
every three hours. With children they are sometimes best employed during 
sleep by making a tent out of a newspaper, as the drug would affect the eyes 
if they were open. 

In the treatment of neuralgia : 

B' 1 or 

Chlorali Hydrati, 

Camphorae, 

Mentholis aa. 3j 

M. et tere bene. 

Sig. — Paint over parts as directed. 



1 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 



224 



METHYLTHIOXIXJE HYDROCHLORIDUM. 



In the treatment of pruritus : 
Ri 
Phenolis, 

Mentholis aa. gr. xx 

Petrolati q. s. 5; 

M. tere bene. 

Sig. — Apply locally. 



or 



IP 

300 



In the treatment of pruritus : 

Mentholis, 
Camphors. 

Chlorali Hydrati aa. gr. v. 

Petrolati q. s. off 

M. 

Sig. — Apply locally. 



or 



IS 



32 



In the treatment of herpes progenitalis : 
R3 or 

Cocainae Hydrochlor gr. 

Mentholis gr. xij 

Adipis Lanae Hyd c. s. 5ss 

M. 

Sig. — Apply locally. 



800 



In a liniment, as for myalgia, lumbago, strains, etc. 

R or 

Mentholis 5j 

Chloroformi :z 

Lin. Saponis q. s. t'ovj 

M. 

Sig. — Apply with massage twice daily. 



4 
30 

is: 



METHYLIS SALICYLAS. 
See Acidum Salieylicum, p. 



METHYLTHIONIN^E HYDROCHLORIDUM. 

Latin. Methvlthioninae Hvdrochloridum. En^.. Methvlthionine 
Hydrochloride. Methylene Blue. 

Form. — A dark-green, crystalline powder or crystals having a 
bronze-like luster. 



1 Ashton: Practice of Gynecology. 
- Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 

2 White and Martin: Genito-urinary and Venereal Dist. - - 



MEZEREUM. MISTURA. MORPHIX.E. 22'- 

Solubility. — Readily soluble in water and somewhat less readily 
in alcohol, the solution having a deep-blue color. 

Average Dose. — 1- grains (0.250 Gm. . 

Therapeutic Action. — Classed as a diuretic, urinary antiseptic. 
etc. 

Uses. — Sometimes employed in the treatment of gonorrhea, 
cystitis, pyelitis, malaria, and other conditions. 

Administration. — Usually prescribed in capsules, either alone 
or with other agents. A convenient form is the ready-filled cap- 
sule, either hard or soft, put out by the pharmaceutical manu- 
facturing houses. They may be obtained containing the drug 
alone or in various combinations. 

MEZEREUM. 

Latin. Mezereum. Eng.. Mezereum. Synonym. Mezereon. The 
dried bark of Daphne mezereum. 

Average Dose. — 7 : 2 grains i 0.500 Gm.). 

Official Preparation. 

Fluidextractum Mezerei. Eng.. Fluidextract of Mezereum. Mezereum 
is contained in the Compound Fluidextract of Sarsaparilla. 

Therapeutic Action. — Rubefacient, vesicant, etc. 
Uses. — Has been recommended for such conditions as rheu- 
matism, indolent ulcers, and scrofula. Seldom prescribed. 

MISTURA— Mixture. 

This class includes the aqueous liquid preparations intended for 
internal use, and containing suspended insoluble substances. They 
should always be shaken before using. There are four official mix- 
tures, as follows : 

Mistura Cretae. — See Calcium. 

Mistura Ferri Composita. — See Ferrum. 

Mistura Glycyrrhizae Composita. — See Glycyrrhiza. 

Mistura Rhei et Sodae. — See Rheum. 

MORPHINA. 
See Opium, p. 243. 

MORPHINE ACETAS. 

See Opium, p. 243. 

15 



226 MORPHINE. MOSCHUS. MYRISTICA. 

MORPHINE HYDROCHLORIDUM. 

See Opium, p. 244. 

MORPHINE SULPHAS. 

See Opium, p. 244. 

MOSCHUS. 

Latin, Moschus. Eng., Musk. The dried secretion from the 
preputial follicles of Moschus moschiferus. 
Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). 

Official Preparation. 

Tinctura Moschi. Eng., Tincture of Musk. Represents 5 per cent, of 
the drug. 

Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Said to be stimulant and antispasmodic. 

Uses. — Has been recommended in the treatment of hysteria, 
neurasthenia, hiccough, and certain debilitated conditions. 
Seldom prescribed. 

MUCILAGO— Mucilage. 

These are thick, viscid, adhesive liquids, containing gum or mu- 
cilaginous principles dissolved in water. They are usually employed 
to hold insoluble substances in suspension in aqueous liquids. There 
are four official mucilages, as follows : 

Mucilago Acaciae. — See Acacia. 
Mucilago Sassafras Medullar. — See Sassafras. 
Mucilago Tragacanthae. — See Tragacantha. 
Mucilago Ulmi. — See Ulmus. 

MYRISTICA. 

Latin, Myristica. Eng., Myristica. Synonym, Nutmeg. The 
kernel of the ripe seed of Myristica fragrans. 
Average Dose. — 7y 2 grains (0.500 Gm.). 

Official Constituent. 

Oleum Myristicae. Eng., Oil of Myristica. A volatile oil. 
Average Dose. — 3 minims (0.2 Cc). 

Myristica or the Oil of Myristica are contained in several official 
preparations. 



MYRRHA. NAPHTHALENUM. 227 

Therapeutic Action. — Carminative, sedative. 
Uses. — Sometimes used in the treatment of nausea, flatulence, 
diarrhea, neuralgia, rheumatism, etc. Seldom prescribed. 

MYRRHA. 

Latin, Myrrha. Eng., Myrrh. A gum-resin obtained from 
Commiphora myrrha. 

Average Dose. — 7y 2 grains (0.500 Gm.). 

Official Preparations. 

Pilulae Aloes et Myrrhae. Eng., Pills of Aloes and Myrrh. Each pill 
contains 0.13 Gm. (2 grains) of Aloes and 0.06 Gm. (1 grain) of Myrrh. 
Average Dose. — 2 pills. 

Tinctura Aloes et Myrrhae. Eng., Tincture of Aloes and Myrrh. Rep- 
resents 10 per cent, each of Aloes, Myrrh and Glycyrrhiza. 

Tinctura Myrrhae. Eng., Tincture of Myrrh. Represents 20 per cent, 
of the drug in alcohol. 

Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). 

Myrrh is contained in Compound Iron Mixture and Compound 
Pills of Rhubarb. 

Therapeutic Action. — Antiseptic, astringent, carminative. 

Uses. — Employed principally in mouth-washes and gargles 
for salivation, stomatitis, tonsillitis, etc. 

Administration. — Not often prescribed. The following illus- 
trates the use of the drug: 

In the treatment of stomatitis (child 3 years old) : 

$i or 

Potas. Chloratis gr. xxiv 1 150 

Tinct. Myrrhae tt\ x 165 

Syr. Acaciae fSj 3000 

Aquae q. s. f 5iij 90|00 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful every three hours. 

NAPHTHALENUM. 

Latin, Naphthalenum. Eng., Naphthalene. 
Colorless laminae. Insoluble in water, soluble in alcohol. 
Average Dose. — 2 grains (0.125 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Antiseptic, antiparasitic, irritant, ex- 
pectorant. 



1 Anders: Practice of Medicine. 



228 NUX VOMICA. 

Uses. — Has been used locally for pediculosis, tinea, scabies, 
etc. ; and internally for diarrhea, dysentery, typhoid fever and 
related conditions. 

Administration. — Not often prescribed. The following will 
show a method of ordering: 

In the treatment of acute intestinal indigestion : 

31 or 

Xaphthaleni gr. xxx 2J00 

Bismuthi Subsalicyl gr. lxxx 5|00 

Phenolis ' gr. i v 132 

Glycerini f3j 30|00 

Aquae Chloroformi q. s. f 3iij 90 00 

M. 

Sig.— "Shake." 

Two (2) teaspoonfuls in water every two hours. 

NUX VOMICA. 

Latin, Nux Vomica (Gen., Nucis Vomicae). Eng., Nux Vomica. 
Synonyms, Poison Nut, Dog Button, Quaker Button. The dried ripe 
seed of St rye linos nux vomica. 

Principal Constituents. — Strychnine (not less than 1.25 per 
cent.), brucine, tannic acid, etc. 

Average Dose. — 1 grain (0.065 Gm.). 

Official Alkaloid, Salts and Preparations. 

Extractum Nucis Vomicae. Eng., Extract of Nux Vomica. A light- 
colored powder containing 5 per cent, of strychnine. 

Average Dose. — % grain (0.015 Gm.). 

Fluidextractum Nucis Vomicae. Eng., Fluidextract of Nux Vomica. 
Contains 1 per cent, of strychnine. 

Average Dose. — 1 minim (0.05 Cc). 

Tinctura Nucis Vomicae. Eng., Tincture of Nux Vomica. Contains 
0.1 per cent, of strychnine. 

Average Dose. — 10 minims (0.6 Cc). 

Strychnina. Eng., Strychnine. An alkaloid obtained from Nux 
Vomica. 

Form. — Colorless crystals or white powder. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless. Intensely bitter taste. 

Solubility. — In 6400 parts of water or 110 of alcohol. 

Incompaiibles. — For Strychnine and its Salts: Alkalies, alkali carbonates 
and bicarbonates, ammonium chloride, benzoates, dichromates, bromides, 
borates, cyanides, iodides, salicylates, gold chloride, ichthyol, mercuric chloride, 



1 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 



NUX VOMICA. 229 

potassio-mercuric iodide, oxalic acid, picric acid, piperazin, oxidizers, tannic 
acid. 

Average Dose. — %4 grain (0.001 Gm.). 

Strychnine is contained in many official preparations. 

Strychninae Nitras. Eng., Strychnine Nitrate. 

Form. — Colorless needles. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless. Intensely bitter taste. 

Solubility. — In 42 parts of water or 120 parts of alcohol. 

Incompatibles. — See Strychnina. 

Average Dose. — Yqi grain (0.001 Gm.). 

Strychninae Sulphas. Eng., Strychnine Sulphate. 

Form. — Colorless or white crystals. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless. Intensely bitter taste. 

Solubility. — In 31 parts of water or 65 parts of alcohol. 

Incompatibles. — See Strychnina. 

Average Dose. — %4 grain (0.001 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Stimulant, tonic, stomachic. 

Uses. — The preparations of Nux Vomica or the Strychnine 
salts have been used in the treatment of almost all diseases 
either during the progress of the maladies or to aid in the pro- 
cesses of repair. Particularly employed in conditions charac- 
terized by loss of appetite, weakness, indigestion, constipation 
or other evidences of lowered vitality. 

Toxicology. — The usual symptoms of strychnine poisoning 
are nervous twitchings, hyperesthesia, convulsions. Some dif- 
ferential features of the convulsions are the relaxation between 
the attacks, the exaggerated reflexes and the lateness of the in- 
volvement of the muscles of neck and face. In children a com- 
paratively small dose of strychnine may produce toxic symptoms. 

Treatment consists largely in keeping the patient free from dis- 
turbing surroundings, chloroform by inhalation during the convul- 
sions, and hydrated chloral and bromides by mouth or rectum. 
The stomach should be washed out, if possible, with a solution of 
potassium permanganate (1:3000). Elimination should be favored 
particularly by diuretics. 

Administration. — The preparations most frequently used are 
the Tincture of Nux Vomica and Strychnine Sulphate. Extract 
of Nux Vomica and Strychnine Nitrate are also extensively used 
by some practitioners. 

A common error seems to be that of giving the tincture in such 
small dosage as to be almost without effect; particularly is this the 
case when ordered to be taken by drops, as it averages about 140 
drops to 60 minims. The strychnine content is only 0.1 per 



230 



NUX VOMICA. 



cent. ; so 5 drops would only represent about 7500 grain of strych- 
nine, while about % grain seems to be nearer the average dose of 
the average practitioner when using the alkaloidal salt. 

In prescribing strychnine in solution it is particularly inadvisable 
to employ it with the bromides or iodides, as the precipitate forms 
slowly, and being comparatively small in amount may be overlooked 
by both dispenser and patient and a poisonous amount taken at the 
final dose. 

As a tonic, stimulant, stomachic, appetizer, etc. : 

R or 

Tinct. Nucis Vomicae fSij 60| 

Sig. — Twenty (20) drops in water before meals. 

Or: 

~fy or 

Tinct. Nucis Vomicae fBj 30 

Tinct. Cardam. Co q. s. f£vj 180 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water before meals. 

Used to stimulate appetite : 

$1 or 

Tinct. Nucis Vomicae f5j 4| 

Tinct. Gentianae Comp fSij 601 

Aquae q. s. fBiv 120 j 

M. 

Sig. — Two (2) teaspoonfuls in water half-hour before meals. 

As a tonic, etc. : 

R or 

Tinct. Nucis Vomicae, 
Acidi Phos. DiL, 
Tinct. Ferri Chlor., 

Syr. Pruni Virg aa. fEj 30 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water after meals. 

As a laxative, etc., in the treatment of atony: 
IP or 

Flext. Rhamni Pursh., 

Tinct. Nucis Vomicae aa. f3iij 12 

Tinct. Cardamomi Comp q. s. fSiij 90 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water before meals. 



1 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 
-Stelwagon: Diseases of the Skin. 



NUX VOMICA. 



231 



In the treatment of indigestion: 

3 

Pepsini Sij 

Acidi Hydrochlor. Dil., 
Tinct. Nucis Vomicae, 

Glycerini aa. f 5j 

Aquae q. s. f 5vj 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water after meals. 



or 



30 

180 



In the treatment of heart and kidney disease : 
B or 

Tinct. Nucis Vomicae f3iv 15 1 

Inf. Digitalis q. s. flvj 180| 

M. 

Sig. — Two (2) teaspoonfuls in water after meals. 



Or: 

Tinct. Nucis Vomicae, 

Tinct. Digitalis aa. f 3j 

Tinct. Gent. Co., q. s. f Siv 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water after meals. 



or 



30 

120 



As a stimulant : 

Tab. Strych. Sulph. (%o gr.) 
Sig. — One every six hours. 



no. xx 



As a stimulant, etc. : 

Tab. Nitroglyc, Dig. et Strych. 
Sig. — One every six hours. 



no. xxx 



As a tonic, particularly in malaria 

Strychninae Sulph., 

Arseni Trioxidi 

Quininae Sulph., 

Ferri Reducti 

M. ft. cap. no. xxx. 

Sig. — One after each meal. 



or 



aa. gr. j 
. aa. gr. lx 



065 
000 



232 NUX VOMICA. 

In the treatment of chronic valvular disease : 
R 1 or 



H 
73 



Strychninae Sulph gr. 

Sparteinae Sulph gr. iij 

Caffeinae Citratae 3ss 

M. ft. cap. no. xij. 

Sig. — One every four hours. 



In the treatment of menorrhagia and metrorrhagia 
R2 or 

Strychninae Sulph gr. ss 

Hydrastininae Hydrochl gr. x 

Extracti Ergotae gr. xl 

M. ft. cap. no. xx. 

Sig. — One two hours after meals. 



02 
20 
00 



03 
65 
50 



In the treatment of subinvolution of the uterus: 
R3 or 

Strychninae Sulph gr. j 1065 

Ext. Ergotae, 

Quininae Sulph aa.gr. xxx 2 000 

M. ft. cap. no. xxx. 

Sig. — One before each meal. 

In the treatment of indigestion : 

n or 

Strychninae Sulph gr. ss 03 

Elix. Digest. Co q. s. £5vj 180 00 

M. 

Sig. — Two (2) teaspoonfuls in water after meals. 

In the treatment of palpitation, etc., in hysteric subjects: 
IM or 



Strychninae Sulph gr. Ys 

Zinci Valeratis gr. x 

Ext. Sumbul gr. x 

Ext. Hyoscyami gr. v 

M. ft. cap. no. x. 

Sig. — One after each meal. 



02 
65 
65 
32 



1 Anders: Practice of Medicine. 

2 Ashton: Practice of Gynecology. 

3 Shoemaker: Materia Medica and Therapeutics. 

4 Anders: Practice of Medicine. 



OLEATUM. 



233 



In the treatment of herpes zoster: 

$i or 

Zinci Phosphidi, 

Ext. Nucis Vomicae aa. gr. x |65 

M. ft. cap. no. xxx. 

Sig. — One every three hours. 

As a postoperative tonic : 
1^2 or 

Hydrarg. Chlor. Corros., 

Arseni Trioxidi aa. gr. j 065 

Ext. Nucis Vomicae gr. xxv 1 600 

Ferri et Quin. Cit. gr. cc 13 000 

M. ft. cap. no. c. 

Sig. — One after each meal. 

In the treatment of constipation : 
R3 or 

Ext. Rhamni Pursh gr. xl 2|50 

Ext. Nucis Vomicae gr. v |32 

Ext. Belladon. Fol gr. ij |13 

Resinae Podophylli gr. ij 1 13 

M. ft. cap. no. xx. 
Sig. — One at bedtime. 



In a laxative preparation : 

Tinct. Nucis Vomicae f^ss 

Flext. Rhamni Pursh f§j 

Glycerini fSss 

Aquae Chloroformi q. s. fliij 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water after meals. 



or 



15| 
30 1 
15| 
901 



OLEATUM— Oleate. 

Oleates are preparations made by dissolving metallic salts or al- 
kaloids in oleic acid. The official oleates are liquid. The following 
five are official : 

Oleatum Atropinae. — See Belladonna. 
Oleatum Cocainae. — See Coca. 



1 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 

-Ashton: Practice of Gynecology. 

3 IUd. 

4 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 



234 OLEORESINA. OLEUM. 

Oleatum Hydrargyri. — See Hydrargyrum. 
Oleatum Quininae. — See Cinchona. 
Oleatum Veratrinae. — See Veratrum. 

OLEORESINA— Oleoresin. 

An oleoresin is a liquid preparation consisting principally of a 
natural mixture of oil and resin. They are not often prescribed. 
The following six are official : 

Oleoresina Aspidii. — See Aspidium. 
Oleoresina Capsici. — See Capsicum. 
Oleoresina Cubebae. — See Cubeba. 
Oleoresina Lupulini.— See Humulus. 
Oleoresina Piperis. — See Piper. 
Oleoresina Zingiberis. — See Zingiber. 

OLEUM— Oil. 

The oils constitute an important class of medicinal substances. 
They are usually freely soluble in alcohol and practically insoluble in 
water. They are divided into two groups : ( 1 ) Volatile Oils, which 
usually have a characteristic odor and taste, and will evaporate 
without leaving a residue at ordinary temperature. They are used 
largely for their odor and taste. (2) Fixed Oils, which usually have 
a slight or no odor, and will not entirely evaporate at ordinary tem- 
perature. The following oils are official : 

Oleum Adipis. — See Adeps. 

Oleum iEthereum. — See /Ether. 

Oleum Amygdalae Expressum. — See Amygdala. 

Oleum Anisi. — See Anisum. 

Oleum Aurantii Corticis. — See Aurantium. 

Oleum Betulae. — See Acidum Salicylicum. 

Oleum Cadinum. — See next page. 

Oleum Cajuput. Eng., Oil of Cajuput. 

Average Dose. — 8 minims (0.5 Cc). 

Oleum Cari. — See Carum. 
Oleum Caryophylli. — See Caryophyllus. 

Oleum Chenopodii. Oil of Chenopodium. Synonym, Oil of American 
Wormseed. 

Average Dose. — 3 minims (0.2 Cc). 

Oleum Cinnamomi. — See Cinnamomum. 

Oleum Copaibae. — See Copaiba. 

Oleum Coriandri. — See Coriandrum. 

Oleum Cubebae. — See Cubeba. 

Oleum Erigerontis. Eng., Oil of Erigeron. Synonym, Oil of Fleabane. 

Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). 



OLEUM CADIXUM. 235 



Oleum Eucalypti. — See Eucalyptus. 

Oleum Fceniculi. — See Fceniculum. 

Oleum Gaultheriae. — See Acidum Salicylicum. 

Oleum Gossypii Seminis. Eng., Cotton-seed Oil. 

Average Dose. — 4 fluidrachms (16 Cc). 

Oleum Hedeomae. — See Hedeoma. 

Oleum Juniperi. — See p. 236. 

Oleum Lavandulae Florum. — See p. 237. 

Oleum Limonis. — See Limon. 

Oleum Lini. — See Linum. 

Oleum Menthae Piperitae.— See Mentha Piperita. 

Oleum Menthae Viridis. — See Mentha Viridis. 

Oleum Morrhuae. — See p. 238. 

Oleum Myristicae. — See Myristica. 

Oleum Olivae. — See p. 238. 

Oleum, Picis Liquidae. — See Pix Liquida. 

Oleum Ricini. — See p. 239. 

Oleum Rosae. — See Rosa. 

Oleum Rosmarini. Eng., Oil of Rosemary. 

Average Dose. — 3 minims (0.2 Cc.). 

Oleum Sabinae. — See Sabina. 

Oleum Santali. Eng., Oil of Santal. 

Average Dose. — 8 minims (0.5 Cc.) . 

Oleum Sassafras. — See Sassafras. 

Oleum Sinapis Volatile. — See Sinapis. 

Oleum Terebinthinae. — See Terebinthina. 

Oleum Theobromatis. — See p. 241. 

Oleum Thymi. Eng., Oil of Thyme. 

Average Dose. — 3 minims (0.2 Cc). 

Oleum Tiglii.— See p. 241. 



OLEUM CADINUM. 



Latin, Oleum Cadinum. Eng., Oil of Cade. A product of the 
dry distillation of the wood of Juniper us oxycedrus. A brownish 
or dark-brown, thick liquid. 

Therapeutic Action. — Antiseptic, irritant, expectorant. 

Uses. — Employed externally in the treatment of chronic skin 
diseases, as eczema, etc., and for parasitic diseases, as tinea and 
scabies. 

Administration. — It is usually prescribed w T ith other agents, 
and w r ell diluted with a bland ointment base. 

The following illustrates : 



236 



OLEUM JUXIPERI. 



2 
30 



Used in the treatment of ringworm of the scalp : 

Ri or 

Betanaphtholis 055 

Olei Cadini : 

Ung. Sulphuris q. s. oj 

M. 

Sig. — Apply as directed. 

Used as an antiparasitic : 

R? or 

Sulphuris Praecip 5ij 

Saponis Mollis. 

Olei Cadini aa. oj 

Adipis Benzoinati q. p. 0; 

M. 

Sig. — Apply as directed. 

In the treatment of eczema of the feet and legs : 

B 3 or 

Phenolis gr. x : 5 

Olei Cadini tt\x :5 

Picis Liquidae gr. xx IJ3C 

Ung. Aquae Rosae q. s. oi 

M. 

Sig. — Apply thoroughly twice a day. 



8 

4 

30 



OLEUM JUNIPERI. 

Latin. Oleum Juniperi. Eng.. Oil of Juniper. A volatile oil dis- 
tilled from the wood of Juniperus communis. 
Ave Dose. — 3 minims (0.2 Cc. . 

Official Preparations. 

Spiritus Juniperi. Eng., Spirit of Juniper. Contains 5 per cent, of the 
Oil. 

Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). 

Spiritus Juniperi Compositus. Eng.. Compound Spirit of Juniper. 
erage Dose. — 2 fluidrachms (8 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Classed as a diuretic, diaphoretic, 
stomachic, antiseptic, etc. 

Uses. — Has been used in the treatment of chronic nephritis, 
particularly when evidenced by drops}" for bronchitis, 

asthma, etc. 



1 Stelwagon: Diseases of the Skin. 

2 Ibid. 

3 Ohmann-Dumesnil : Diseases of the Skin. 



OLEUM LAVANDULAE FLORUM. 237 

Administration. — Xot often prescribed. The following illus- 
trates a way of ordering: 

In the treatment of the laryngo-bronchial irritation of influenza : 

IM or 

Codeinae Sulph gr. iv [26 

Ammonii Chlor 5v 19J00 

Syr. Pruni Virg .' f£ij 60[00 

Spir. Juniperi Comp q. s. fSiv 120J00 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful even' three hours. 

OLEUM LAVANDULAE FLORUM. 

Latin, Oleum Lavandulae Florum. Eng., Oil of Lavender Flow- 
ers. A volatile oil distilled from the fresh flowering tops of Lavan- 
dula' officinalis. 

Average Dose. — 3 minims (0.2 Cc). 

Official Preparations. 

Spiritus Lavandulae. Eng., Spirit of Lavander. Contains 5 per cent, of 
the Oil. 

Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc.). 

Tinctura Lavandulae Composita. Eng., Compound Tincture of Laven- 
der. Oil of Lavander Flowers, 8 Cc; Oil of Rosemary, 2 Cc; Saigon 
Cinnamon, 20 Gm.; Cloves, 5 Gm.; Xutmeg, 10 Gm.; Red Sanders, 10 Gm.; 
Alcohol and water, to make 1000 Cc. 

Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). 

Oil of Lavender Flowers is contained in several other official 
preparations. 

Therapeutic Action. — Stomachic, carminative. 
Uses. — Principally employed as an adjuvant and flavoring 
agent, particularly in preparations for the relief of neurasthenia, 
hysteria, flatulence, etc. 

Administration. — Xot often used. The following will illus- 
trate how it may be prescribed. 

In the treatment of acute indigestion : 
R2 or 

Tinct. Opii Camph fSiij 12 1 

Spir. Ammonias Arom., 

Spir. JEtheris Comp aa. fSss 15 j 

Tinct. Lavandulae Comp q. s. f§ij 60! 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful well diluted every fifteen minutes until relieved. 



1 Anders: Practice of Medicine. 

- Musser and Kellv: Practical Treatment. 



238 OLEUM MORRHU.E. OLEUM OLIWE. 

OLEUM MORRHUAE. 

Latin. Oleum Morrhuae. Eng., Codliver Oil. A fixed oil ob- 
tained from the fresh livers of Gadus morrhua and other species of 

Gad us. 

Average Dose. — 4 fluidrachms (16 Cc.). 

Official Preparations. 

Emulsum Olei Morrhuae. Eng.. Emulsion of Codliver Oil. Contains 
50 per cent, of the Oil. 

.vcrage Dose. — 2 fluidrachms B ZcJ). 

Emulsum Olei Morrhuae cum Hypophosphitibus. Eng., Emulsion of 
Codliver Oil with Hypophosphites. Codliver Oil, 500 Cc; Acacia, 
125 Gm.; Calcium Hypophosphite, 10 Gm.; Potassium Hypophosphite. 5 
Gm. ; Sodium Hypophosphite, 5 Gm. ; Oil of GaultHeria. 4 Cc. ; Water, to 
make 1000 Cc. 

Average Dose. — 2 fluidrachms (8 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Emollient, nutrient, tonic, alterative. 

Uses. — Extensively employed in the treatment of tubercu- 
losis, chronic bronchitis, rachitis, etc. Sometimes used externally 
for chronic skin diseases, as eczema. 

Administration. — A satisfactory way for the patient to take 
the emulsion is by first pouring into a graduated glass a table- 
spoonful of 'Beef, Iron and Wine/' and then pouring in the oil 
preparation. The wine envelops the thick emulsion so that it 
can be taken at one swallow, almost without taste. The wine 
preparation is, of course, of therapeutic advantage. Attention 
is directed to the so-called Wines of Codliver Oil and Tasteless 
Preparations that really contain none of the oil at all. 

The Emulsions of Codliver Oil, particularly the one with hypo- 
phosphites, are seldom prepared extemporaneously. They are thick 
and hard to pour from a small-mouth bottle : so it is usually best to 
prescribe a pint, the druggist then giving an original package and 
merely putting on a new label. 

OLEUM OLIV-ffi. 

Latin, Oleum Olivae. Eng.. Olive Oil. Synonym — Impure or 
imitation Olive Oil is frequently called Sweet Oil. A fixed oil ex- 
pressed from the ripe fruit of Olea Europara. 

Average Dose. — I rluidounce I 30 Cc). 

Olive Oil is employed in many official preparations. 

Therapeutic Action. — Laxative, nutrient, emollient, lubricant. 



OLEUM RICINI. 239 

Uses. — Employed in the treatment of tuberculosis, chronic 
constipation, obstructive jaundice, hyperchlorhydria, etc. Ex- 
ternally for indurative skin diseases, exanthematous eruptions, 
etc. It is a desirable vehicle for the solution or dilution of more 
active agents. 

Administration. — Olive Oil is often recommended by the pro- 
fession, but is seldom a prescription ingredient except as a sol- 
vent or diluent, as for croton oil, salol, etc. The following 
illustrates : 

In the treatment of orchitis complicating mumps : 
R or 

Guaiacolis ntxl 2 ! 5 

Olei Olivas q. s. fSj 30|0 

M. 

Sig. — Apply a teaspoonful as directed. 

OLEUM RICINI. 

Latin, Oleum Ricini. Eng., Castor Oil. A fixed oil expressed 
from the seed of Ricinns communis. 

Average Dase. — 4 fluidrachms (16 Cc). 

Castor Oil is contained in Flexible Collodion. 

Therapeutic Action. — Purgative, emollient, lubricant. 

Uses. — Probably the most valuable and extensively used pur- 
gative in medicine. Particularly indicated after parturition and 
operations, and for acute digestive disturbances. Externally 
used in the treatment of burns, ulcers, chronic indurative skin 
diseases, conjunctivitis, and many other conditions. 

Administration. — Among the various ways for the patient to 
take castor oil, probably the most satisfactory is to incorporate 
it with an ounce or two of the fresh or bottled pineapple-juice. 
It is also frequently taken in soda pop, orange-juice, etc. The 
claim is often made that a small dose occasions more abdominal 
inconvenience than a large one ; so many practitioners never give 
less than a tablespoonful to an average child over one year old. 

Castor Oil often exhibits a constipating effect after the purgative 
action ; so that it is sometimes advisable to give with it some cascara 
sagrada or other purgative. 

It is frequently recommended by the physician as a purgative, 
but it is so well known and generally kept by the laity that it is not 
so often a part of a regular prescription. 

It is sometimes employed locally either alone or with other agents. 



240 



OLEUM RICINI. 



The so-called "tasteless" Castor Oil may be ordered as follows: 



B or 

Olei Menth. Pip ntviij 

Benzosulphinidi gr. iv 

Olei Ricini q. s. f§iv 120 

M. 

Sig. — Tablespoonful as directed. 



50 
26 
00 



An Emulsion of Castor Oil is said to be less unpleasant to take, 
and more active than the amount of oil it represents. 

$ or 

Olei Ricini f&v 120 

Olei Gaultherise Ti\xv 1 

Acacias 3j 30 

Syrupi f3vj 24 

Aquae q. s. f Svii j 240 

M. ft. emul. 
Sig.— "Shake." 

Tablespoonful as directed. 

Oleum Mentha? Piperitae, Oleum Aurantii Corticis, Oleum Limonis or other 
flavors may be substituted for the Oleum Gaultheriae. 



In burns, diphtheria, etc., of the conjunctiva: 
3 

Olei Ricini f Sj 

Sig. — Drop in eyes every two hours. 



or 



301 



In a surgical dressing for burns, ulcers, etc. : 

Bal. Peruviani f 3iv 

Olei Ricini q. s. f 3iv 

M. 

Sig. — Apply freely as directed. 



or 



15 
120 



In the treatment of seborrhcea capitis : 

Ri or 

Resorcinolis 3j 

Olei Ricini f 3j 

Alcoholis fBiv 

M. 

Sig. — Apply as directed. 



4 

4 
120 



1 Stelwagon: Diseases of the Skin. 



OLEUM THEOBROMATIS. OLEUM TIGLII. 241 

OLEUM THEOBROMATIS. 

Latin, Oleum Theobromatis. Eng., Oil of Theobroma. Syno- 
nym, Cocoa Butter. A fixed oil expressed from the roasted seeds 
of Theobroma cacao. 

Form. — A yellowish-white solid. 

Odor and Taste. — A faint, agreeable odor, and a bland, chocolate- 
like taste. 

Solubility. — Insoluble in water or alcohol (slightly soluble in 
absolute alcohol). 

Therapeutic Action. — Emollient, lubricant. 

Uses. — Principally employed as a vehicle in the manufacture 
of suppositories. It is particularly adapted to this purpose, as 
it is a rather firm solid at ordinary temperatures, but readily 
melts at the temperature of the body. 

Administration. — Suppositories with a base of Cocoa Butter 
should be kept in a cool place, and before inserting they may be 
dipped in olive oil. If they are long held in the fingers they 
become too soft to insert. The following prescription illustrates 
the use of the drug: 

B- or 

Ext. Opii gr. ij 1 130 

Ext. Belladon. Fol gr. j [065 

Olei Theobromatis q. s. 

M. ft. suppos. no. iv. 
Sig. — Use one twice daily. 

Note that the amount of the oil is left to the discretion of the druggist. 

OLEUM TIGLII. 

Latin, Oleum Tiglii. Eng., Croton Oil. A fixed oil expressed 
from the seed of Croton tiglium. 

Average Dose. — 1 minim (0.05 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Drastic purgative, irritant, pustulant. 

Uses. — Sometimes used to produce very active purgation, as 
in the treatment of uremia, apoplexy, taenia, etc. 

Administration. — This is seldom prescribed except in cases 
of emergency, as where prompt catharsis is needed and the patient 
is unable to swallow the ordinary purgath^es. It is usually di- 
luted with about 30 to 60 times its volume of olive oil, or 
incorporated with glycerin. 

16 



242 OPIUM. 

As an active purgative, useful when the patient is unable to 
swallow ordinary remedies : 

R or 

Olei Tiglii ttl viij |5 

Olei Olivae q. s. fgj 30|0 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful every hour till effect. 

This can be administered under almost any circumstances by 
allowing a few drops at a time to trickle down the base of the tongue. 

As a purgative: 

n 1 or 

Olei Tiglii mj |06 

Glycerini q. s. f Sj 30100 

M. 

Sig. — Two (2) teaspoonfuls every hour till bowels act. 

OPIUM. 

Latin, Opium (Gen., Opii). Eng., Opium. The concrete milky 
exudation obtained by incising the unripe capsules of Papaver 
somnifernm. 

Principal Constituents. — Morphine (9 per cent.), Codeine, etc. 

Incompatibles. — Alkalies, alkaline carbonates, salts of arsenic, 
copper, iron, lead, silver and zinc; mercuric chloride, tannic acid, 
potassium permanganate, lime-water, etc. 

Average Dose. — V/ 2 grains (0.100 Gm.). 

Official Preparations, Alkaloids and Salts. 

i Opii Pulvis. Eng., Powdered Opium. A dark-colored powder con- 
taining from 12 to 12.5 per cent, of morphine. 
Average Dose. — 1 grain (0.065 Gm.). 

Opium Deodoratum. Eng., Deodorized Opium. Synonym, Denar- 
cotized Opium. Contains from 12 to 12.5 per cent, of morphine. 
Average Dose. — 1 grain (0.065 Gm.). 

3 Opium Granulatum. Eng., Granulated Opium. Contains 12 to 12.5 
per cent, of morphine. 

Average Dose. — 1 grain (0.065 Gm.). 

Acetum Opii. Eng., Vinegar of Opium. Synonym, Black Drop. 
Represents 10 per cent, of Powdered Opium (about 1.25 per cent, of 
morphine). 

Average Dose. — 8 minims (0.5 Cc). 



iAshton: Practice of Gynecology. 



OPIUM. 243 

Emplastrum Opii. Eng., Opium Plaster. Represents 6 per cent, of 
Extract of Opium. 

Extractum Opii. Eng., Extract of Opium. A dark-colored powder 
containing 20 per cent, of morphine. 
Average Dose. — 1 / 2 grain (0.030 Gm.). 

Pilulae Opii. Eng., Pills of Opium. Each pill contains 0.065 Gm. 
(1 grain) of Powdered Opium. 
Average Dose. — 1 pill. 

*-" Pulvis Ipecacuanhas et Opii. Eng., Powder of Ipecac and Opium. 
Synonym, Dover's Powder. Powdered Opium, 10 Gm.; Ipecac, 10 Gm.; 
Sugar of Milk, 80 Gm. (Morphine about 1.25 per cent.) 
Average Dose. — iy 2 grains (0.500 Gm.). 

Tinctura Ipecacuanhas et Opii. Eng., Tincture of Ipecac and Opium. 
Represents 10 per cent, of deodorized Opium and 10 per cent, of Ipecac 
(about 1.25 per cent, morphine). 

/-"-^ Tinctura Opii. Eng., Tincture of Opium, Laudanum. Represents 10 
per cent, of Granulated Opium (about 1.25 per cent, of morphine). 
Average Dose. — 8 minims (0.5 Cc). 

*^ Tinctura Opii Camphorata. Eng., Camphorated Tincture of Opium, 
Paregoric. Powdered Opium, 4 Gm.; Benzoic Acid, 4 Gm.; Camphor, 4 
Gm.; Oil of Anise, 4 Cc; Glycerin, 40 Cc; Diluted Alcohol, to make 
1000 Cc. (about 0.05 per cent, of morphine). 
Average Dose. — 2 fluidrachms (8 Cc). 

Tinctura Opii Deodorati. Eng., Tincture of Deodorized Opium. 
Represents 10 per cent, of Deodorized Opium (about 1.25 per cent, of 
morphine). 

Average Dose. — 8 minims (0.5 Cc). 

Trochisci Glycyrrhizae et Opii. Eng., Troches of Glycyrrhiza and 
Opium. Each troche contains about 0.005 Gm. (%2 grain) of Opium. 

Vinum Opii. Eng., Wine of Opium. Synonym, Sydenham's Lauda- 
num. Represents 10 per cent, of granulated Opium (about 1.25 per cent, 
of morphine). 

Average Dose'. — 8 minims (0.5 Cc). 

Morphina. Eng., Morphine. An alkaloid obtained from Opium. 
(Opium contains not less than 9 per cent, of Morphine.) 

Form. — White prisms, needles or crystalline powder. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless. Bitter taste. 

Solubility. — In 3300 parts of water or 168 parts of alcohol. 

Incompatibles (also of the Salts of Morphine). — Alkalies, borates, chlo- 
rates, iodides, tannic acid, potassium permanganate, ferric chloride, gold and 
sodium chloride, lead acetate, lead subacetate, magnesia, mercuric chloride, 
spirit of nitrous ether, silver nitrate. 

Average Dose. — % grain (0.010 Gm.). 

Morphinas Acetas. Eng., Morphine Acetate. 
Form. — A white or yellowish-white powder. 



244 OPIUM. 

Odor and Taste. — Faint, acetous odor, and a bitter taste. 
Solubility. — In 2.25 parts of water or 21.6 parts of alcohol. 
Incompatibles. — See Morphina. 
Average Dose. — *4 grain (0.015 Gm.). 

Morphinae Hydrochloridum. Eng., Morphine Hydrochloride. 

Form. — White needles or powder. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless and a bitter taste. 

Solubility. — In 17.2 parts of water or 42 parts of alcohol. 

Incompatibles. — See Morphina. 

Average Dose. — *4 grain (0.015 Gm.). 

Morphinae Sulphas. Eng., Morphine Sulphate. 

Form. — White, feathery acicular crystals or cubical masses. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless and a bitter taste. 

Solubility. — In 15.3 parts of water or 465 of alcohol. 

Incompatibles. — See Morphina. 

Average Dose. — x /$ grain (0.015 Gm.). 

Pulvis Morphinae Compositus. Eng., Compound Powder of Mor- 
phine. Synonym, Tully's Powder. Contains 1.5 per cent, of Morphine. 
Average Dose. — iy 2 grains (0.500 Gm.). 

Codeina. Eng., Codeine. An alkaloid obtained from opium. 

Form. — White or nearly white crystals, prisms or powder. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless; faintly bitter taste. 

Solubility. — In 120 parts of water or 1.6 of alcohol. 

Incompatibles (also Salts of Codeine). — Alkalies, ammonium bromide or 
valerate, tannic acid, mercuric chloride ; salts of copper, iron or lead ; potas- 
sium permanganate, etc. 

Average Dose. — Yz grain (0.030 Gm.). 

Codeinae Phosphas. Eng., Codeine Phosphate. 
Form. — Xeedle-shaped crystals or powder. 
Odor and Taste. — Odorless. A bitter taste. 
Solubility. — In 2.25 parts of water or 261 of alcohol. 
Incompatibles. — See Codeina. 
Average Dose. — r / 2 grain (0.030 Gm.). 

Codeinae Sulphas. Eng., Codeine Sulphate. 
Form. — Xeedle-shaped crystals, prisms or powder. 
Odor and Taste. — Odorless. A bitter taste. 
Solubility. — In 30 parts of water or 1035 of alcohol. 
Incompatibles. — See Codeina. 
Average Dose. — J / 2 grain (0.030 Gm.). 

Apomorphinae Hydrochloridum. Eng., Apomorphine Hydrochloride. 
The hydrochloride of an alkaloid prepared from Morphine. 

Form. — Grayish-white powder, acquiring a greenish tint on exposure to 
the light and air. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless, and a faintly bitter taste. 

Incompatibles. — See Morphina. 

Average Dose. — Expectorant, Ho grain (0.002 Gm.). Emetic, V\o grain 
(0.005 Gm.). 



OPIUM. 245 

Unofficial Preparations. 

Heroina. Eng., Heroine. A diacetic ester prepared from Morphine. 

Form. — A colorless powder. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless. A slightly bitter taste. 

Solubility. — Insoluble in water. 

Average Dose. — Mo grain (0.006 Gm.). 

Heroinae Hydrochloridum. Eng., Heroine Hydrochloride. 

Form. — A white powder. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless and a slightly bitter taste. 

Solubility. — In 2 parts of water. Soluble in alcohol. 

Average Dose. — Mo grain (0.006 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Sedative, antispasmodic, anodyne, 
hypnotic, narcotic, diaphoretic. 

Use. — The employment of opium and its preparations and 
alkaloids covers almost the entire field of medicine. Some of 
the conditions in which they are particularly employed are renal 
and intestinal colic, abdominal inflammation, convulsions, diar- 
rhea, dysentery, cough, etc. 

Toxicology. — The usual symptoms of acute opium poisoning 
are drowsiness, deepening into coma ; slow pulse, contracted 
pupils, moist skin. During the stage of coma there is slow, ster- 
torous breathing. There may be vomiting. Treatment : The 
unabsorbed drug should be removed, preferably by washing out 
the stomach with a solution of potassium permanganate (1:3000). 
A pint of this should be left in the stomach. Caffeine is 
probably the best physiological antidote, and may be given in 
the form of coffee by mouth or rectum. Other measures are 
the use of ammonia by mouth and inhalation, atropine, strychnine 
or camphor by needle. Cold Avater to head and face, exercise, 
artificial respiration, etc. Apomorphine hydrochloride being a 
powerful hypnotic, should not be used as the emetic for opium 
poisoning except in cases of extreme emergency that are seen 
early. 

Administration. — Internally in solution. The preparations 
most frequently used are the Tincture, the Camphorated Tinc- 
ture and the Tincture of Deodorized Opium. Morphine Sul- 
phate and Acetate Codeine Phosphate, Apomorphine Hydro- 
chloride and Heroine Hydrochloride. For action upon the central 
nervous system the preparations usually employed are Morphine 
Sulphate, Codeine Phosphate, Tincture of Opium and Tincture of 
Deodorized Opium. Some methods of prescribing are shown in 
the following : 



246 



OPIUM. 



As a sedative, hypnotic, etc. : 

R or 

Codeinse Phosphatis gr. iv 

Elixiris Aromatici q. s. f Sj 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful every four hours when necessary. 



30 



26 
00 



As a sedative, hypnotic, etc. : 

B- or 

Codeinse Phosph gr. ij 

Chlorali Hydrati gr. xl 

Sodii Bromidi gr. lxxx 

Aquae q. s. f 5 j 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful every four hours when necessary. 



1 13 

2|50 

5|00 

30100 



As a sedative in threatened abortion : 

fy or 

Chloridi Hydrati gr. xl 

Sodii Bromidi gr. lxxx 

Tinct. Opii Deod ti\x1 

Aquae Chloroformi q. s. f Bj 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful night and morning when necessary. 



2 

5 

2 

30 



As a hypnotic, analgesic, cough sedative and antispasmodic : 

3 1 or 

Codeinae Sulph gr. ss |03 

Antipyrinae gr. xvj 1 100 

Syr. Aurantii q. s. fSij 60100 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful every two hours when needed. (For child 2 years 
old.) 

For action upon the respiratory system Apomorphine Hydro- 
chloride is employed as a secretory stimulant. Heroine Hydro- 
chloride, Codeine Phosphate, Morphine Acetate and Camphorated 
Tincture of Opium are employed as sedatives. Heroine has the ad- 
vantage of being less depressing, generally not affecting the intestinal 
functions, etc. 

Some uses are shown in the following: 



1 Ruhrah: Diseases of Children. 



OPIUM. 247 

For an "irritative" cough : 

R or 

Heroinse Hydrochlor gr. ij 113 

Ammonii Chloridi 3iss 6|00 

Syr. Ipecacuanhae f3ij 8|00 

Syr. Pruni Virg q. s. f&v 120[00 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful every two hours till relieved. 

For a "dry" cough : 

R or 

Apomorphinae Hydrochlor gr. ss |03 

Potassii Citratis 3iv 15|00 

Limonis Succi f3iv 15|00 

Syr. Limonis q. s. f^iij 90J00 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water every two hours. 

For an acute cough : 

$1 or 

Codeinae Sulph gr. iij 

Tinct. Hyoscyami f 3iij 

Syr. Tolutani f'Sss 

Aquae q. s. f 3ii j 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful every three hours. 

In the treatment of the laryngo-bronchial irritation of 
$2 or 

Codeinae Sulph gr. iv 

Ammonii Chlor 3y 

Syr. Pruni Virg fSij 

Spir. Juniperis Comp q. s. f§iv 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful every three hours. 

In the treatment of bronchitis : 

R 3 or 

Tinct. Opii Camph., 
Spir. Vini Gallici, 

Glycerini aa. f.§j 30 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water every three hours. 

i Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 

2 Anders: Practice of Medicine. 

3 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 



|2 
12'0 
15|0 
90 10 



influenza 

|26 
19|00 
60100 

120100 



248 



OPIUM. 



In the treatment of cough : 

B or 

Tinct. Opii Camph f 3iij 12 

Spir. Chloroformi f3iss 6 

Syrupi Tolutani f Sj 30 

Aquae * q. s. f 3ii j 90 

M. 

Sig.— "Shake." 

Teaspoonful every two hours till relieved. (For a child 5 years 
old.) 

In the treatment of spasmodic croup : 

(For child 2 years old). 
n 1 or 

Ammonii Bromidi 3ss 2 

Tinct. Opii Camph f 3ss 2 

Tinct. Belladon. Fol TTtxv 1 

Syr. Tolutani f5j 30 

Aquae q. s. f Si j 60 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful every hour till relieved. 



In the treatment of the cough of measles : 

$ 2 

Potassii Citratis Sss 

Limonis Succi f Hj 

Tinct. Opii Camph., 

Syr. Ipecacuanhae aa. f3ij 

Syr. Tolutani , q. s. f 5i j 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water every two hours. 



or 



15 
30 



60 



For action upon the intestinal tract the Tincture of Opium, 
Tincture of Deodorized Opium, Camphorated Tincture of Opium 
and Morphine Sulphate are commonly used. 

Some preparations are shown in the following : 



In the treatment of diarrhea : 

Magnesii Sulph 3vj 

Tinct. Opii Deod f3j 

Acidi Sulph. Arom f3ij 

Aquae Menth. Pip q. s. f^vj 

M. 

Sig. — Tablespoonful every four hours till relieved. 



or 



12 

4 

8 

180 



1 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 
- Anders: Practice of Medicine. 



OPIUM. 



249 



Used in the treatment of acute indigestion: 

$1 or 

Tinct. Opii Camph f3iij 12| 

Spir. Ammoniae Arom., 

Spir. ^Etheris Comp aa. fHss 15 1 

Tinct. Lavandulae Comp q. s. fSij 60| 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoon ful well diluted every fifteen minutes until relieved. 



In the treatment of catarrhal enteritis of childhood : 

W 2 or 

Bismuthi Subnitr gr. lxxx 

Tinct. Opii Deod Tt],xvj 

Misturae Cretae q. s. f Sij 

M. 

Sig.— "Shake." 

Teaspoonful every two hours. 



5| 

1| 

601 



In the treatment of the diarrhea of typhoid fever: 

3 3 or 

Bismuthi Subnitr gr. clx 10 

Phenolis Liq iu_viij 5 

Tinct. Opii Deod f3j 4 

Mucil. Acaciae f §j 30 

Aquae q. s. fSiv 120 

M. 

Sig.— "Shake." 

Teaspoonful every three hours. 

In the treatment of enterocolitis : 

B 4 or 

Bismuthi Subnitr 3iij 121 

Tinct. Kino, 

Tinct. Opii Camph aa. f Siss 45 j 

Misturae Cretae q. s. f'Svj 180 

M. 

Sig.— "Shake." 

Tablespoonful every three hours. 

Internally — Dry Form. — Powdered Opium and Powder of 
Ipecac and Opium, Morphine Sulphate and Codeine Phosphate and 
Sulphate are employed. 

1 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 

2 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 

3 Ibid. 

4 Ibid. 



250 OPIUM. 

For action upon the nervous system, the Morphine or Codeine 
Salts or Powdered Opium are used. 

For action upon the respiratory system, the Codeine Salts or 
Powder of Ipecac and Opium are more commonly employed. 

Some frequently used formulae are shown in the following: 

In the treatment of bronchitis : 

Ri or 

Heroinae Hydrochlor gr. ^ [016 

Ammonii Chloridi, 

Terpini Hydratis aa. 3j 4|000 

M. ft. cap. no. xx. 

Sig. — One every three hours. Two at bedtime. 

In the treatment of coryza : 
1*2 or 

Ext. Belladon. Fol gr. ss |03 

Camphorae gr. vj |40 

Quininae Sulph., 

Pulv. Ipecac, et Opii aa. gr. xij [80 

M. ft. cap. no. xij. 

Sig. — One every half-hour for four hours, then one every three hours. 

Used as a diaphoretic in the treatment of colds and kindred 
conditions : 

B or 

Camphorae gr. v [32 

Pulv. Ipecac et Opii gr. x |65 

Quininae Hydrobrom gr. x [65 

M. ft. cap. no. v. 
Sig. — Take at bedtime. 

In a prescription for the treatment of syphilis : 
$3 or 

Massae Hydrargyri gr. x |65 

Hydrarg. Chlor. Mitis gr. x |65 

Hydrarg. cum Cretae gr. xl 2|50 

Extracti Opii gr. v [32 

M. ft. cap. no. xx. 

Sig. — One after each meal. 

i Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 

2 Ibid. 

3 White and Martin: Genitourinary and Venereal Diseases. 



OPIUM. 



251 



Used in the treatment of influenza : 

Ri or 

Phenylis Salicyl., 

Acetphenetidinse aa.gr. xlv 3|0 

Pulv. Ipecac et Opii gr. viij 5 

M. ft. cap. no. xv. 

Sig. — One every three hours. 

With purgative to prevent griping : 

H or 

Hydrarg. Chlor. Mitis gr. v [32 

Ext. Colocynth. Comp. gr. v |32 

Pulv. Ipecac et Opii gr. x 165 

M. ft. cap no. iv. 

Sig. — One every hour tonight. 

By Rectum. — The Extract of Opium is used in suppositories or 

the Tincture of Opium is administered in enemas. 

In the treatment of threatened abortion : 

I£ or 

Extracti Opii gr. ij 13 

Olei Theobromatis q. s. 

M. ft. suppos. no. iv. 

Sig. — One night and morning. 

In the treatment of acute cystitis, pelvic peritonitis, etc. : 

fy or 

Ext. Belladon. Fol. . . . , gr. j 065 

Ext. Opii gr. ij 130 

Olei Theobromatis q. s. 

M. ft. suppos. no. iv. 

Sig. — One night and morning when necessary. 

The Tincture of Opium and Morphine are frequently used in 
preparations for external application. 

Some combinations are shown in the following: 

In the treatment of epididymitis : 
$2 or 

Tincturse Aconiti, 

Tincturse Opii aa. f S.j 30 

Liq. Plumbi Subacet f Eij 8 

Aquae Dest q. s. f %\] 180 

M. 

Sig. — Keep applied on cotton. 



1 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 

2 White and Martin: Genito-urinary and Venereal Diseases. 



252 PANCREATIXUM. PARALDEHYDUM. 

In the treatment of erythema venenatum : 

Ri or 

Morphinae Sulph gr. v |32 

Bismuthi Subnitr 3j 4|00 

Ung. Aquae Rosae . . . q. s. Bj 30[00 

M. 

Sig. — Apply in a thin layer. 

In the treatment of gonorrhea : 
1*2 or 

Zinci Sulphatis gr. xv 1 10 

Plumbi Acetatis gr. xx 1 13 

Tincturae Opii, 

Tincturae Catechu aa. f3ij 8|0 

Aquae q. s. f3vj 180|0 

M. 

Sig.— "Shake." 

Inject after urination. 

PANCREATINUM. 

Latin, Pancreatinum. Eng., Pancreatin. A mixture of enzymes 
naturally existing in the pancreas of warm-blooded animals, usually 
obtained from the fresh pancreas of the hog (Sus scrofa). 

A cream-colored powder having a faint, peculiar, not unpleasant 
odor and a somewhat meat-like taste. 

Average Dose. — 7y 2 grains (0.500 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Digestant. 

Uses. — To aid digestion and to predigest food. Not often 
prescribed as such, but is employed in the form of the various 
ready-prepared or proprietary preparations. 

PARAFFINUM. 

Latin, Paraffinum. Eng., Paraffin. 

A colorless, tasteless mass obtained from petroleum. 

PARALDEHYDUM. 

Latin, Paraldehydum. Eng., Paraldehyde. 
A colorless liquid having a strong characteristic odor and a burn- 
ing and cooling taste. 

1 Ohmann-Dumesnil: Diseases of the Skin. 

2 White and Martin: Genito-urinary and Venereal Diseases. 



PAREIRA. PEPO. 253 

Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). 

Paraldehyde is usually prescribed in the form of the National 
Formulary Preparation — 

Elixir Paraldehydi (X. F.). Eng., Elixir of Paraldehyde. Contains 25 
per cent, of the drug. 

Average Dose. — 2 fluidrachms (8 Cc.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Hypnotic, antiseptic. 

Uses. — Employed in the treatment of alcoholic psychoses, 
dementia, hysteria, etc. 

Administration. — The odor and taste of paraldehyde are often 
considered decidedly objectionable both by patient and 
attendants. 

Usually ordered as the Elixir alone, as in the following for the 
treatment of alcoholic psychosis, hysteria, etc. : 

R or 

Elixir Paraldehydi (X. F.) £fij 60| 

Sig. — Two (2) teaspoonfuls in water every three hours till effect. 

PAREIRA. 

Latin, Pareira. Eng., Pareira. Synonym, Pareira Brava. The 
dried root of Chondrodcndron tomentosum. 
Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). 

Official Preparation. 

Fluidextractum Pareirae. Eng., Fluidextract of Pareira. 
Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Diuretic, laxative. 

Uses. — Has been used in the treatment of chronic diseases 
of the genitourinary tract, as pyelitis, cystitis, gleet, etc. Seldom 
prescribed. 

PELLETIERINjE TANNAS. 

See Granatum, p. 176. 

PEPO. 

Latin, Pepo. Eng., Pepo. Synonym, Pumpkin Seed. The ripe 
seed of Cueurbita pepo. 

Average Dose. — 1 ounce (30 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Tsenifuge. 

Uses. — Sometimes used to remove tape-worms. Seldom pre- 
scribed, as more reliable agents are usually available. 



254 PEPSINUM. 



PEPSINUM. 



Latin, Pepsinum (Gen. Pepsini). Eng., Pepsin. A proteolytic 
ferment or enzyme obtained from the glandular layer of the fresh 
stomach of the hog (Sus scrofa). 

Form. — White or yellowish scales, grains or powder. 

Odor and Taste. — Slight odor and taste. 

Solubility. — Soluble or almost entirely soluble in about 50 parts 
of water. More soluble in water acidulated with Hydrochloric Acid. 
Insoluble in alcohol. 

Incompatibles. — Alcohol, tannic acid, alkaline carbonates, etc. 

Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). 

Some Unofficial Preparations. 

Elixir Digestivum Compositum (N. F.). Eng., Compound Digestive 
Elixir. Synonym, Elixir of Lactated Pepsin. Pepsin, 10 Gm. ; Pan- 
creatin, 1 Gm.; Diastase, 1 Gm.; Lactic Acid, 0.5 Gm. ; Hydrochloric 
Acid, 1 Cc; Glycerin, 250 Cc; Water, 125 Cc; Tincture of Cudbear, 15 
Cc; Talcum, 15 Gm. ; Aromatic Elixir, to make 1000 Cc. 

Average Dose. — 2 fluidrachms (8 Cc). 

Liquor Pepsini (N. F.). Eng., Solution of Pepsin. Contains Pepsin, 
Diluted Hydrochloric Acid, Glycerin and Water. 
Average Dose. — 2 fluidrachms (8 Cc). 

Liquor Pepsini Aromaticus (N. F.). Eng., Aromatic Solution of 
Pepsin. Contains about the same as Solution of Pepsin with the addi- 
tion of cloves, cinnamon, etc. 

Average Dose. — 2 fluidrachms (8 Cc). 

Pepsinum Saccharatum (N. F.). Eng., Saccharated Pepsin. Pepsin, 
10 Gm.; Sugar of Milk, 90 Gm. 

Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Digestant. 

Uses. — As an aid to gastric digestion and for the predigestion 
of foods. The value of many long-used Pepsin preparations and 
the necessity for often using it at all have been seriously ques- 
tioned by good authority. 

Administration. — The following are given more to illustrate 
the present employment of pepsin and its preparations than to 
offer the formulae for indiscriminate use : 

R or 

Liq. Pepsini Arom fSvj 180| 

Sig. — Two (2) teaspoon fuls in water after meals. 



PEPSINUM. 



255 



Or: 
R or 

Acidi Hydrochlor. Dil fSvj 

Liq. Pepsini Arom q. s. fSvj 

M. 

Sig. — Two (2) teaspoon fuls in water after meals. 



23 1 
180] 



Or: 
n or 

Tinct. Nucis Vom., 

Acidi Hydrochlor. Dil aa. f3iv 15 

Liq. Pepsini Arom q. s. i'Bv'j 180 

M. 

Sig. — Two (2) teaspoonfuls in water after meals. 



In digestive disturbance : 

n 1 or 

Pepsini 3ij 

Acidi Hydrochlor. Dil £3iiss 

Tinct. Nucis Vomicae, 

Glycerini aa. f 3iss 

Aquae q. s. f 3i j 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water after meals. 



8 
9 

6 

60 



As a digestant : 

Pepsini 3iv 

Acidi Hydrochlor. Dil f 3iv 

Glycerini q. s. f Siv 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water after meals. 



or 



151 

15| 

1201 



To aid digestion : 

R3 or 

Pepsini 3j 

Acidi Hydrochlor. Dil f3iv 

Strychninae Sulph gr. ss 

Glycerini f§ss 

Aquae Chloroformi q. s. f-fiij 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water after meals. 



1 Anders: Practice of Medicine. 

2 Shoemaker: Materia Medica and Therapeutics. 

3 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 



00 
00 
03 
00 

90100 



4 

15 

15 



256 



PETROLATUM. 



Or: 

Pepsini 3ij 

Acidi Hydrochlor. Dil., 
Tinct. Xucis Vom., 

Glycerini aa. f Bj 

Aquae q. s. f 5vj 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water after meals. 



or 



30 
180 



PETROLATUM. 

Latin, Petrolatum (Gen., Petrolati). Eng., Petrolatum. Syno- 
nym, Petroleum Jelly, Yaselin, Cosmoline, etc. 

A mixture of hydrocarbons obtained by distilling off the lighter 
and more volatile portions from petroleum and purifying the residue. 

Form. — An unctuous mass, varying in color from yellowish to 
light amber. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless and tasteless. 

Solubility. — Insoluble in water or alcohol. 

Petrolatum Album. Eng.. White Petrolatum. A white, unctuous mass. 
Odor and Taste and Solubility. — Same as Petrolatum. 

Petrolatum Liquidum. Eng., Liquid Petrolatum. Synonym, Hydro- 
carbon Oil, etc. 

Form. — A colorless, oily liquid. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless and Tasteless. 

Solubility. — Insoluble in water or alcohol 

Therapeutic Action. — Emollient, lubricant, laxative. 

Uses. — Principally used as a vehicle and lubricant, though 
its emollient action is a factor in its selection. The Liquid 
Petrolatum is now extensively employed in the treatment of 
chronic constipation. 

Administration. — The following illustrates the employment of 
these agents : 

In the treatment of pruritus : 



Phenolis, 

Mentholis 

Petrolati 

M. tere bene. 

Sig. — Apply locally. 



or 



. .aa. gr. xx 
q. s. I] 



1 
30 



3 

00 



lAshton: Practice of Gynecology. 



PHEXOL. 

In the treatment of scabies : 

Bi ■ or 

Sulphuris Prsecip., 

Betanaphtholis aa. 3ss 2 

Petrolati q. s. I] 30 

M. 

Sig. — Apply as directed. 

As a vehicle for a nasal spray : 

n or 

Camphorse gr. iv 

Eucalyptolis, 
01. Pini Syl., 

01. Menth. Pip aa. gtt. iv 

Petrolati Liq q. s. f Si v 120 

M. 

Sig. — Spray nose every four hours. 

As a laxative : 

R or 

Petrolati Liq. Opt fBviij 240[ 

Sig. — Tablespoon ful night and morning. 



257 



00 



13 



13 

00 



PHENOL. 

Latin, Phenol (Gen., Phenolis). Eng., Phenol. Synonym. Car- 
bolic acid. Formula, C 6 H 5 OH. 

Obtained from coal-tar by fractional distillation and subsequent 
purification, or made synthetically. 

Form. — Colorless, needle-shaped crystals or crystalline mass, 
sometimes acquiring a reddish tint. 

Odor and Taste. — A characteristic, somewhat aromatic odor. 
When well diluted with water, a sweetish taste with a slightly burn- 
ing after-taste. 

Solubility. — In 19.6 parts of water. Freely soluble in alcohol, 
glycerin, oils, etc. 

Incompatiblcs. — Albumin, collodion, iron salts; when triturated 
with the following it yields a liquid or soft mass : acetanilide, acet- 
phenetidin, antipyrine. camphor, hydrated chloral, lead acetate, men- 
thol, phenyl salicylate, resorcinol, sodium phosphate, thymol, terpin 
hydrate, and urethane. 

Average Dose. — 1 grain (0.065 Gm.). 



1 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 



17 



258 PHENOL. 

Official Preparations. 

Phenol Liquefactum. Eng., Liquefied Phenol. A liquid composed of 
not less than 86.4 per cent, by weight of absolute Phenol and about 
13.6 per cent, of water. 

Form. — A colorless liquid which may develop a slight reddish tint. 

Odor and Taste. — See Phenol. 

Solubility. — In 12 parts of water, miscible in all proportions with alcohol 
or glycerin. 

Incompatibles. — See Phenol. 

Average Dose. — 1 minim (0.05 Cc). 

Glyceritum Phenolis. Eng., Glycerite of Phenol. Liquefied Phenol, 
20 Cc; Glycerin, 80 Cc. 

Average Dose. — 5 minims (0.3 Cc). 

Unguentum Phenolis. Eng., Ointment of Phenol. Phenol, 3 Gm.; 
White Petrolatum, 97 Gm. 

Therapeutic Action. — Antiseptic, germicide, local anesthetic, 
caustic. 

Uses. — Internally. — For nausea, diarrhea, dysentery, typhoid 
fever, etc. Locally. — For otitis media, ulcers, pruritus, endome- 
tritis, and various skin diseases. It is used for sterilizing instru- 
ments, excretions, etc. 

Toxicology. — Toxic amounts of liquefied phenol are fre- 
quently taken either through error or with suicidal intent. 
Among the symptoms are : Odor of the drug, the white areas 
around the mouth or on the mucous membrane of the mouth 
and throat, if patient is seen early. There may also be depres- 
sion, collapse, weak pulse, lowered temperature, and smoky- 
colored urine. Vomiting may occur. Large amounts may cause 
prompt collapse and death. Treatment : The stomach should 
be washed out with about a 20 per cent, solution of alcohol, 
then demulcents given and the patient stimulated with ammonia, 
strychnine, atropine, etc., as indicated. The body should be kept 
warm. 

Administration. — In prescribing it is desirable for the sake 
of correctness to remember that Phenol is a solid, so should be 
prescribed in grains, and that when it is desired to prescribe 
by minims, Liquefied Phenol must be specified. 

The former is the preparation that should be used in ointments, 
oily liquids, etc., while the latter is often the more convenient prepa- 
ration for other solutions. 

Unfortunate results have sometimes followed the prescribing of 
an excess of Phenol in an aqueous liquid. Not more than 5 per cent. 



PHENOL. 



259 



should be ordered in water unless glycerin is used to facilitate solu- 
tion. It has been claimed on good authority that it requires. several 
hours for complete solution of Phenol in water to take place ; so, if 
possible, it should be allowed to stand some time after mixing, 
before it is used. 

Ointments should always be made by melting both the Phenol 
crystals and the vehicle, and effecting the solution while in this 
state. Unpleasant results have frequently followed the use of an 
ointment made by the cold incorporation of the Liquefied Phenol 
with Petrolatum or other fatty vehicles. Solution may not be ef- 
fected, but small drops of the liquid distributed through the ve- 
hicle. Some methods of using Phenol are shown in the following: 

Solutions in water up to 5 per cent, may be ordered as : 

B or 

Phenolis Liq fSiss 6 

Aquae Dest q. s. f 5iv 120 

M. 

Sig. — Apply as directed. 



Solutions in water stronger than 5 per cent, may be ordered as : 

fy or 

Phenolis Liq fSiij 12| 

Glycerini f3iv 15 j 

Aquae Dest q. s. f3iv 120| 

M. 

Sig. — '"Poison." 

Appty as directed. 



As a local application in otitis : 

B or 

Phenolis Liq n^xxv 

Glycerini q. s. f 3 j 

M. 

Sig. — Two (2) drops in ear twice daily if necessary. 



1|5 
30|0 



As a local application, as for tonsillitis, etc. : 

R or 

Phenolis Liq Tl\xxv 

Tinct. Iodi f 3iv 

Glycerini q. s. fSj 

M. 

Sig. — Apply as directed. 



1 
15 

30 



260 PHENOL. 

Used to allay itching in the treatment of smallpox : 

Ri or 

Phenolis Liq f 3j 4 

Glycerini f 3j 4 

Alcoholis fSj 30 

Aquae q. s. f Si j 180 

M. 

Sig. — Use locally. 

In the treatment of gonorrhea : 

R2 or 

Hydrarg. Chlor. Corros gr. ss |03 

Phenolis gr. xij 180 

Zinci Phenolsulph gr. xxx 2|00 

Aquas Dest q. s. fSvj 180(00 

M. 

Sig.— "Not to be taken." 
Use as directed. 

Patient should be instructed to inject after urination. 

In the treatment of alopecia : 

1*3 or 

Resorcinolis gr. lxxx 5 

Phenolis gr. xx 13 

Spir. Myrciae q. s. f §iv 120 

M. 

Sig. — Apply as directed. 

In the treatment of diarrhea of typhoid fever : 

li 4 or 

Bismuthi Subnitr gr. clx 10|0 

Phenolis Liq TT\,viij |5 

Tinct. Opii Deod £5j 4|0 

Mucil. Acaciae fgj 30!0 

Aquae q. s. fSiv 120|0 

M. 

Sig.— "Shake." 

Teaspoon ful every three hours. 

1 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 

- "White and Martin: Genito-urinary and Venereal Diseases. 

sstelwagon: Diseases of the Skin. 

4 Hughes: Practice of Medicine.. 



OFFICIAL PHEXOLSULPHOXATES. 261 

In the treatment of skin lesions of syphilis : 

Ifci or 

Hydrarg. Chlor. Mitis 3j 4| 

Ung. Zinci Oxidi 3iv 15| 

Ung. Phenolis q. s. %] 30| 

M. 

Sig. — Apply locally. 

In the treatment of eczema of the feet and legs : 

W 2 or 

Phenolis gr. x |65 

Olei Cadini tn.x |65 

Picis Liquidse gr. xx 1 [30 

Ung. Aquas Rosse q. s. Bj 30[00 

M. 

Sig. — Apply thoroughly twice a day. 

In the treatment of pruritus : 
R3 or 

Phenolis, 

Mentholis aa.gr. xx 1 13 

Petrolati q. s. 5j 30|0 

M. tere bene. 

Sig. — Apply locally. 

OFFICIAL PHENOLSULPHONATES. 

SODII PHENOLSULPHONAS. Eng., Sodium Phenolsulphonate. 
Synonym, Sodium Sulphocarbolate. 
Form. — Colorless prisms. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless. A cooling, saline, slightly bitter taste. 
Solubility. — In 48 parts of water or about 130 of alcohol. 
Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). 

ZINCI PHENOLSULPHONAS. Eng., Zinc Phenolsulphonate. 
Synonym, Zinc Sulphocarbolate. 

Form. — Colorless prisms or crystals. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless. An astringent, metallic taste. 
Solubility. — In 1.7 parts of water or alcohol. 
Average Dose. — 2 grains (0.125 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Classed as intestinal antiseptic and 
astringent. 

Uses. — Sometimes used in the treatment of diarrhea, dysen- 
tery, typhoid fever, etc. 



1 White and Martin: Genito-urinary and Venereal Diseases. 
- Ohmann-Dumesnil: Diseases of the Skin. 
3 Ashton: Practice of Gynecology. 



262 PHOSPHORUS. PHYSOSTIGMA. 

Administration. — These are usually prescribed in capsules, 
sometimes in solution. Tablets of various sizes are on the 
market, but are not as desirable as the other forms of 
administration. 

PHOSPHORUS. 

Latin, Phosphorus. Eng., Phosphorus. 
Average Dose. — % 2 s grain (0.0005 Gm.). 

Official Preparation. 

Pilulae Phosphori. Eng., Pills of Phosphorus. Each pill contains 
}4oo grain (0.0006 Gm.) of the drug. 
Average Dose. — 1 pill. 

Therapeutic Action. — Classed as a nerve stimulant and re- 
constituent. 

Uses. — Has been recommended for the treatment of rachitis, 
osteomalacia, neurasthenia, impotence, etc. 

Administration. — It is seldom if ever that Phosphorus should 
be prescribed as such by the physician, as few druggists are 
equipped to handle it. The official pills and many unofficial prepara- 
tions containing it can be obtained. 

Phosphorus is probably best ordered as : 

Pil. Phosphori no. c. 

Sig. — One after each meal. 

PHYSOSTIGMA. 

Latin, Physostigma. Eng., Physostigma. Synonym, Calabar 
Bean. The ripe seed of Physostigma vcncnositm. 
Average Dose. — \y 2 grains (0.100 Gm.). 

Official Preparations and Constituent. 

Extractum Physostigmatis. Eng., Extract of Physostigma. 
Average Dose. — % grain (0.008 Gm.). 

Tinctura Physostigmatis. Eng., Tincture of Physostigma. Repre- 
sents 10 per cent, of the drug. 

Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). 

Physostigminae Salicylas. Eng., Physostigmine Salicylate. Synonym, 
Eserine Salicylate. The Salicylate of an alkaloid obtained from 
Physostigma. 

Average Dose. — %4 grain (0.001 Gm.). 



PHYTOLACCA. PILOCARPUS. 263 

Physostigminae Sulphas. Eng., Physostigmine Sulphate. Synonym, 
Eserine Sulphate. The sulphate of an alkaloid obtained from 
Physostigma. 

Average Dose. — Yq^ grain (0.001 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Myotic and peristaltic. 

Uses. — The salts of Physostigmine are used to contract the 
pupils in the treatment of various eye conditions, and to produce 
purgation and combat intestinal distention, particularly after ab- 
dominal operations and in peritonitis, eclampsia, etc. 

Administration. — The salts of Physostigmine are frequently 
employed by the physician hypodermically or otherwise, but are 
not often prescribed. 

PHYTOLACCA. 

Latin, Phytolacca. Eng., Phytolacca. Synonym, Pokeroot. 
The dried root of Phytolacca decandra. 

Average Dose. — Emetic, 15 grains (1 Gm.). Alterative, 2 grains 
(0.125 Gm.). 

Official Preparation. 

Fluidextractum Phytolaccae. Eng., Fluidextract of Phytolacca. 
Average Dose. — Emetic, 15 minims (1 Cc). Alterative, \y 2 minims (0.1 
Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Purgative, emetic, alterative. 
Uses. — Seldom employed. 

PILOCARPUS. 

Latin, Pilocarpus. Eng., Pilocarpus. Synonym, Jaborandi. The 
leaflets of Pilocarpus jaborandi or of Pilocarpus microphallus. 

Principal Constituents. — Contains not less than 0.5 per cent, of 
alkaloids, the most important of which is Pilocarpine. 

Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). 

Official Preparation and Alkaloidal Salts. 

Fluidextractum Pilocarpi. Eng., Fluidextract of Pilocarpus. 
Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). 

Pilocarpinae Hydrochloridum. Eng., Pilocarpine Hydrochloride. The 
hydrochloride of an alkaloid obtained from Pilocarpus. 
Form. — Colorless crystals. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless. A faintly bitter taste. 
Solubility. — In 0.3 part of water or 2.3 of alcohol. 



264 PILULA. 

Incompatibles. — Alkalies, iodides, gold salts, mercuric and mercurous 
chloride, potassium permanganate, silver nitrate, tannic acid. 
Average Dose. — % grain (0.010 Gm.). 

Pilocarpine Nitras. Eng., Pilocarpine Nitrate. 

Form, Odor, Taste and Incompatibility. — See Pilocarpine Hydrochloridum. 

Solubility. — In 4 parts of water or 60 parts of alcohol. 

Average Dose. — % grain (0.010 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Diaphoretic, diuretic, sialagogue, 
myotic. 

Uses. — Its employment is largely confined to cases when 
prompt diaphoresis is urgently indicated, as in uremia, con- 
vulsions, etc. 

Administration. — Seldom prescribed. Its use is largely con- 
fined to hypodermic tablets of Pilocarpine administered by the 
physician himself. It should be remembered that it is a very 
dangerous drug. 

In the treatment of acute uremia : 

I* 1 or 

Pilocarpine Hydrochlor gr. j 065 

Sparteine Sulph gr. iv 260 

Inf. Digitalis fBij 60 000 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful every half-hour till desired effect. 

PILULA— Pill. 

Pills are small, solid bodies of a globular, ovoid or lenticular 
shape, which are intended to be swallowed and thereby produce 
medicinal action. They may be ordered to be made up extempo- 
raneously by the druggist, or the ready-prepared pills may be used. 
The latter usually are coated with sugar, gelatin, chocolate, etc. The 
gelatin-coated pills are the most desirable, as a rule, for many 
reasons. Pills are hardly prescribed as much as formerly. Admin- 
istration of drugs in capsules possesses all the advantages and few 
of the disadvantages of the older method. There are, of course, 
some exceptions to this rule, as has been noted elsewhere. The fol- 
lowing fourteen pills are official : 

Pilulae Aloes. — See Aloe. 
Pilulae Aloes et Ferri. — See Aloe. 
Pilulae Aloes et Mastiches. — See Aloe. 
Pilulae Aloes et Myrrhae. — See Aloe. 



1 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 



PIMENTA. PIPER. 265 

Pilulae Asofoetidae. — See Asafcetida. 

Pilulae Catharticae Compositae. — See Colocynthis. 

Pilulae Catharticae Vegetabilis. — See Colocynthis. 

Pilulae Ferri Carbonatis. — See Ferrum. 

Pilulae Ferri Iodidi. — See Ferrum. 

Pilulae Laxativae Compositae. — See Aloe. 

Pilulae Opii. — See Opium. 

Pilulae Phosphori. — See Phosphorus. 

Pilulae Podophylli, Belladonnas et Capsici. — See Podophyllum. 

Pilulae Rhei Compositae. — See Rheum. 

PIMENTA. 

Latin, Pimenta. Eng., Pimenta. Synonyms, Allspice, Spice. 
The dried, nearly ripe fruit of Pimenta officinalis. 
Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 

Official Constituent. 

Oleum Pimentae. Eng., Oil of Pimenta. A volatile oil. 
Average Dose. — 3 minims (0.2 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Stomachic, carminative. 
Uses. — Seldom employed medicinally. 

PIPER. 

Latin, Piper. Eng., Pepper. Synonym, Black Pepper. The 
dried, unripe fruit of Piper nigrum. 

Average Dose. — 7 l / 2 grains (0.500 Gm.). 

Official Constituents. 

Oleoresina Piperis. Eng., Oleoresin of Pepper. 
Average Dose. — 1 / 2 grain (0.030 Gm.). 

Piperina. Eng., Piperine. A feebly basic substance obtained from 
pepper and other related plants. 

Average Dose. — 3 grains (0.200 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Carminative, stomachic, irritant. 
Uses. — Sometimes employed with other agents for its 
stomachic effect. 

Administration. — The following will illustrate the use of the 



drug. 



$1 or 

Arseni Trioxidi '. gr. ij 113 

Piperis Pulv., 

Ext. Gentianae aa. 3i j 8100 

M. ft. cap. no. lx. 

Sisr. — One after each meal. 



i Ohmann-Dumesnil: Diseases of the Skin. 



266 PIX LIQUIDA. 

PIX LIQUIDA. 

Latin, Pix Liquida (Gen., Picis Liquidae). Eng., Tar. A prod- 
uct obtained by the destructive distillation of the wood of Pi nits 
palustris and other species of Pin us. 

Form. — A blackish-brown semi-liquid. 

Odor and Taste. — Empyreumatic, terebinthinate odor; sharp, 
empyreumatic taste. 

Solubility. — Only slightly soluble in water. Almost entirely sol- 
uble in alcohol. 

Average Dose. — 7 J / 2 grains (0.500 Gm.). 

Official Preparations. 

Syrupus Picis Liquidae. Eng., Syrup of Tar. Represents about 0.5 
per cent, of tar. 

Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc.). 

Unguentum Picis Liquidae. Eng., Tar Ointment. Contains 50 per 
cent, of tar. 

Oleum Picis Liquidae. Eng., Oil of Tar. A volatile oil distilled from 
tar. 

Average Dose. — 3 minims (0.2 Cc.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Antiseptic, irritant, expectorant, di- 
uretic. 

Uses. — Tar or its preparations are used in the treatment of 
many skin diseases, particularly of the chronic type ; also for 
coughs, bronchitis and kindred conditions. 

Administration. — The following will illustrate the manner 
of prescribing: 

In the treatment of eczema of the feet and legs : 



$i or 

Phenolis gr. x 

Olei Cadini • tt|,x 

Picis Liquidae gr. xx 1 

Ung. Aquae Rosae 5j 30 

M. 

Sig. — Apply thoroughly twice a day. 



65 
65 
30 
00 



1 Ohinann-Dumesnil: Diseases of the Skin. 



PLUMBUM. 267 

In the treatment of ecthyma: 

I^i or 

Acidi Borici gr. x 65 

Bismuthi Subnitr 3j 4 00 

Picis Liquidse gr. xx 1 30 

Ung. Aquse Rosae q. s. Bj 30 00 

M. 

Sig. — Apply on a cloth twice a day. 

PLUMBUM. 

The metal is not official, but the Pharmacopoeia contains the fol- 
lowing : 

Official Salts and Preparations. 

PLUMBI ACETAS. Eng., Lead Acetate. Synonym, Sugar of Lead. 

Form. — Colorless prisms, plates or powder. 

Odor and Taste. — A faintly acetous odor and a sweetish, astringent, after- 
ward metallic taste. 

Solubility. — In 2 parts of water or 30 parts of alcohol. 

Incompatibles. — Acids, alkalies, carbonates, chlorides, citrates, iodides, 
phosphates, sulphates, sulphites, tartrates, hydrated chloral, resorcinol, 
phenol, etc. 

Average Dose. — 1 grain (0.065 Gm.). 

LIQUOR PLUMBI SUBACETATIS. Eng., Solution of Lead Sub- 
acetate. Synonym, Goulard's Extract. An aqueous liquid containing about 
25 per cent, of Lead Subacetate. 

Incompatibles. — See Plumbi Acetas. 

LIQUOR PLUMBI SUBACETATIS DILUTUS. Eng., Dilute 
Solution of Lead Subacetate. Synonym, Lead-water. An aqueous solu- 
tion containing about 1 per cent, of Lead Subacetate. • 

CERATUM PLUMBI SUBACETATIS. Eng., Cerate of Lead Sub- 
acetate. Synonym, Goulard's Cerate. Contains about 5 per cent, of 
Lead Subacetate. 

PLUMBI IODIDUM. Eng., Lead Iodide. 
Form. — A heavy, yellow powder. 
Odor and Taste. — Odorless and tasteless. 
Solubility. — In 1300 parts of water. 

PLUMBI NITRAS. Eng., Lead Nitrate. 
Form. — Colorless crystals. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless, and a sweetish, astringent, afterward metallic 
taste. 

Solubility. — In 18.5 parts of water. Almost insoluble in alcohol. 

PLUMBI OXIDUM. Eng., Lead Oxide. Synonym, Litharge. 
Form. — A yellowish powder. 



1 Ohmann-Dumesnil: Diseases of the Skin. 



268 



PLUMBUM. 



Odor and Taste. — Odorless and Tasteless. 
Solubility. — Almost insoluble in water or alcohol. 

EMPLASTRUM ADHESIVUM. Eng., Adhesive Plaster. 
EMPLASTRUM PLUMBI. Eng., Lead Plaster. Synonym, Diachy- 
lon Plaster. Lead Acetate, 60 Gm. ; Soap, 100 Gm. ; Water, sufficient quantity. 

UNGUENTUM DIACHYLON. Eng., Diachylon Ointment. Lead 
Plaster, 50 Gm.; Oil of Lavender Flowers, 1 Gm.; Olive Oil, 49 Gm. 
Lead Plaster is also contained in some other preparations. 

Therapeutic Action. — Astringent and local sedative. 

Uses. — Employed in the treatment of diarrhea, dysentery, 
gonorrhea, vaginitis, various skin diseases, bruises, sprains, 
erysipelas, local infections, etc. 

Administration. — Lead Acetate and the solutions of the Sub- 
acetate are the preparations most frequently used. 



In the treatment of furuncle : 
IM 

Ichthyolis 3j 

Empl. Plumbi 3ij 

Empl. Resinae 3j 

M. 

Sig. — Apply as directed. 



or 



In the treatment of epididymitis 

Tincturae Aconiti, 
Tincturae Opii, 

Liq. Plumbi Subacet 

Aquae Dest 

M. 

Sig. — Keep applied on cotton. 



. . aa. foij 
q. s. fSvj 



or 



1801 



In the treatment of gonorrhea : 
B3 or 

Zinci Sulphatis gr. xv 

Plumbi Acetatis gr. xx 

Tincturae Opii, 

Tincturae Catechu aa. f 3i j 

Aquae q. s. f Sv j 

M. 

Sig— "Shake." 

Inject after urination. 

1 Stelwagon: Diseases of the Skin. 

2 White and Martin: Genito-urinary and Venereal Diseases, 
s Ibid. 



1|0 

13 

2|0 

18010 



PODOPHYLLUM. 



269 



PODOPHYLLUM. 

Latin, Podophyllum. Eng., Podophyllum. Synonyms, May 
Apple, Mandrake. The dried rhizome of Podophyllum p citatum. 
Average Dose. — 7y 2 grains (0.500 Gm.). 

Official Preparations. 

Fluidextractum Podophylli. Eng., Fluidextract of Podophyllum. 

Average Dose. — 8 minims (0.5 Cc). 

Resina Podophylli. Eng., Resin of Podophyllum. Synonym, Podo- 
phyllin. 

Form. — A yellowish powder. 

Odor and Taste. — Slight odor and bitter taste. 

Solubility. — Insoluble in water. Soluble in alcohol. 

Average Dose. — Purgative, ~V± grain (0.015 Gm.). Laxative, Yio grain 
(0.005 Gm.). 

Resin of Podophyllin is contained in the Vegetable Cathartic Pills 
and in Pills of Podophyllum, Belladonna and Capsicum. 

Therapeutic Action. — Drastic purgative, said to be chola- 



Uses. — Podophyllum, or more commonly the resin, is used to 
produce purgation, particularly when there are evidences of 
deficient bile. As its taste, odor and action are rather unpleasant, 
its usefulness is questionable. 

Administration. — The Resin of Podophyllum is the prepa- 
ration most frequently used. It is seldom employed alone, as 
when given in sufficient doses it is apt to produce nausea and 
griping. It is often ordered in small doses with other agents 
to increase their purgative action. 

A frequently used combination : 

I* or 

Hydrarg. Chlor. Mitis gr. ij 13 

Res. Podophylli gr. ss 03 

Sodii Bicarb gr. x 65 

M. ft. cap. no. iv. 
Sig. — One every hour. 

In the treatment of constipation : 

U 1 or 

Ext. Rhamni Pursh gr. x l 2|50 

Ext. Nucis Vomicae gr. v |32 

Ext. Belladon. Fol gr. ij 113 

Resina? Podophylli gr. ij 13 

M. ft. cap. no. xx. 
Sig. — One at bedtime. 



lAshton: Practice of Gynecology. 



2/0 POTASSIUM. 

As a laxative : 

$1 or 

Ext. Belladon. Fol gr. j 065 

Res. Podophylli gr. j 065 

Ext. Rhamni Pursh gr. xx 1 300 

M. ft. cap. no. x. 
Sig. — One at bedtime. 

POTASSIUM. 

The metal is not official, but the Pharmacopoeia contains the fol- 
lowing official salts and preparations: 

POTASSII ACETAS. Eng., Potassium Acetate. 
Form. — A white powder or crystalline masses. 
Odor and Taste. — Odorless. A warming, saline taste. 
Solubility. — In 0.4 part of water or 2 parts of alcohol. 
Incompatibles. — Mineral acids. 
Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Diuretic, refrigerant. 

Uses. — It is used in the treatment of chronic nephritis, dropsy, 
etc. 

Administration. — This salt should always be prescribed in 
solution. 

In the treatment of chronic valvular disease : 

R2 or 

Potassii Acetatis 5j 4| 

Infnsi Digitalis q. s. fSij 60 

M. 

Sig. — Tablespoon ful every three hours. 

In the treatment of Ascites : 

$3 or 

Potassii Acetatis Bj 30| 

Spir. yEtheris Nit f3ss 15| 

Inf. Digitalis q. s. fSiv 1201 

M. 

Sig. — Two (2) teaspoonfuls every six hours. 



1 Ashton : Practice of Gynecology. 

2 Anders: Practice of Medicine. 

3 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 



POTASSIUM. 271 

A frequently used combination is the pharmaceutical prepara- 
tion ordered as : 

U or 

Elix. Buchu, Junip. et Pot. Acet f&v 120 1 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water every four hours. 

POTASSII BICARBONAS. Eng., Potassium Bicarbonate. 

Form. — Colorless prisms or powder. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless and a saline taste. 

Solubility. — In 3 parts of water. Almost insoluble in alcohol. 

Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Antacid, diuretic. 

Uses. — Sometimes used in the treatment of rheumatism, gout, 
nephritis, etc. 

Administration. — The following is a method of giving dry 
agents to form fresh ferrous carbonate in the stomach. 

I*i or 

Ferri Sulph. Exsic., 

Potassii Bicarb a a. 3j 41 

M. ft. cap. no. xxiv. 

Sig. — One after each meal. 

POTASSII BITARTRAS. Eng., Potassium Bitartrate. Synonym, 
Cream of Tartar. 

Form. — A white powder. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless. Pleasant, acidulous taste. 

Solubility. — In about 200 parts of water. Sparingly soluble in alcohol. 

Average Dose. — Diuretic, 30 grains (2 Gm.). 

Potassium Bitartrate is contained in Compound Powder of Jalap. 

Therapeutic Action. — Aperient, diuretic. 

Uses. — It is a pleasant agent to produce elimination, as in 
hypertension, nephritis, dropsy, etc. ; also is extensively employed 
as a mild laxative in chronic constipation. 

Administration. — A pleasant method of administering is the 
following, for chronic constipation. 

I* or 

Potassii Bitartratis 3ij 601 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in glass of lemonade on arising. 



i Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 



272 POTASSIUM. 

Or it is frequently ordered : 

B or 

Potassii Bitartratis 3j 30 

Sodii Sulphatis Si j 60 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in glass of lemonade on arising. 

This is best taken hot. Hot water is often used instead of the lemonade. 

POTASSII BROMIDUM.— See Bromides, p. 94. 

POTASSII CARBONAS. Eng., Potassium Carbonate. Synonym, 
Salt of Tartar. 

Form. — A white powder. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless. A strong, alkaline taste. 

Solubility. — In 9.1 parts of water. Insoluble in alcohol. 

Incompatibles.— Acids and most salts. 

Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Antacid, irritant. 

Uses. — Sometimes used in the treatment of alopecia, ichthy- 
osis, etc. Seldom prescribed. 

POTASSII CHLORAS. Eng., Potassium Chlorate. 
Form. — Colorless prisms, plates or a granular powder. 
Solubility. — In 16 parts of water. Insoluble in alcohol. 
Incompatibles. — Iron iodide, sulphuric acid, tartaric acid, etc. Should not 
be triturated with easily oxidizable substances, as sulphur, tannic acid, etc. 
Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). 

Trochisci Potassii Chloratis. Eng., Troches of Potassium Chlorate. 
Each troche contains 2 l / 2 grains (0.15 Gm.) of the drug. 

Therapeutic Action. — Classed as an astringent and as a dis- 
infectant and stimulant to mucous membrane. 

Uses. — Its employment is almost confined to the treatment 
of diseases of the throat and mouth, as tonsillitis, laryngitis, 
diphtheria, stomatitis, etc. 

Administration. — When the local action on the mucous mem- 
brane of the mouth and throat is particularly desired, potassium 
chlorate may be ordered, as : 

Troch. Potas. Chloratis no. xx 

Sig. — Use one every three hours as directed. 

Or: 

Tab. Potas. Chloratis (3 gr.) no. xx 

Sig. — Use one every three hours as directed. 
These are allowed to dissolve in the mouth and the saliva swallowed. 



POTASSIUM. 



273 



The official troches are not always stocked by the smaller drug- 
stores. 

In the treatment of tonsillitis, pharyngitis, etc. : 
B or 

Potassii Chloratis gr. l 3 

Tinct. Ferri Chlor foiij 12 

Acidi Sulphurosi, 

Glycerini aa. f3iv 15 j 

Aquae q. s. f Hii j 90 1 

M. 

Sig. — Two (2) teaspoonfuls in water every four hours. 



In the treatment of stomatitis : 

$i or 

Potassii Chloratis ' gr. xxiv 1]5 

Syrupi Aurantii flj 3010 

Aquae q. s. fSiij 9010 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful every two hours. (For child 4 years old.) 



In the treatment of stomatitis (child 3 years old) : 
$2 or 

Potas. Chloratis gr. xxiv 

Tinct. Myrrhae ir^x 

Syr. Acaciae fSij 

Aquae q. s. fSiij 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful every three hours. 



1|50 

165 

60|00 

90100 



POTASSII CITRAS.— See Citrates, p. 19. 

Potassii Citras Effervescens. — See Citrates, p. 19. 

Liquor Potassii Citratis. — See Citrates, p. 19. 

POTASSII CYANIDUM.— See Acidum Hydrocyanicum Dilutum, p. 24. 

POTASSII DICHROMAS. Eng., Potassium Dichromate. 
Average Dose. — % grain (0.010 Gm.). 

POTASSII FERROCYANIDUM. Eng., Potassium Ferrocyanide. 
Average Dose. — 7^> grains (0.500 Gm.). 

POTASSII HYDROXIDUM. Eng., Potassium Hydroxide. Syno- 
nym, Caustic Potash. 

Form. — White, or nearly white flakes, fused masses or pencils. 
Odor and Taste. — Almost odorless. A very acrid and caustic taste. 
Solubility. — In 0.4 part of water or 2 parts of alcohol. 



1 Ruhrah: Diseases of Children. 

2 Anders: Practice of Medicine. 



18 



274 POTASSIUM. 

Liquor Potassii Hydroxidi. Eng., Solution of Potassium Hydroxide. 
An aqueous solution containing 5 per cent, of Potassium Hydroxide. 
Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Caustic, antacid. 

Uses. — Sometimes used for its caustic effect in the treatment 
of warts, callosities, ulcers, cancers, etc. Seldom, prescribed. 

POTASSII HYPOPHOSPHIS.— See Hypophosphites, p. 25. 
POTASSII IODIDUM.— See Iodides, p. 202. 

POTASSII NITRAS. Eng., Potassium Nitrate. Synonym, Saltpetre. 
Average Dose. — iy 2 grains (0.500 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Diuretic, diaphoretic. 
Uses. — Seldom prescribed. 

POTASSII PERMANGANAS. Eng., Potassium Permanganate. 

Form. — Purple-colored prisms. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless. Taste at first sweet, but afterwards dis- 
agreeable and astringent. 

Solubility. — In 15 parts of water. Decomposed by alcohol. 

Incompatibles. — Organic matter, mineral acids, ammonia, arsenites, bro- 
mides, chlorides, hypophosphites, hyposulphites, sulphites, ferrous salts, hydro- 
gen- dioxide, mercurous salts, etc. 

Average Dose. — 1 grain (0.065 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Germicide, disinfectant, deodorant. 

Uses. — Sometimes used for disinfecting the hands for opera- 
tions. Extensively employed as a wet dressing for infected 
wounds, erysipelas, etc. Used by irrigation for gonorrhea, cystitis, 
vaginitis, pelvic congestion, etc. A remedy for snake-bite. Used 
as a deodorant for cast-off dressing, sinks, etc. 

Administration. — As an irrigation for gonorrhea, cystitis etc., 
it is usually employed in aqueous solution about 1 : 20,000 to 
1 : 3000 strength. As a vaginal douche or wet dressing the strength 
is commonly about 1 : 5000. It should be remembered that it will 
stain clothing or the skin. The stains may be removed by solution 
of oxalic acid. The following illustrates the method of prescribing : 

As a vaginal douche : 

R. or 

Potas. Permanganatis gr. cl 10J0 

Aquae Destillatse q. s. fjjvj 180|0 

M. 

Sig. — Use tablespoon ful to gallon of hot water as directed. 
This makes a solution of about 1 : 5000. 



PRUNUM. PRUXUS VIRGINIANA. 275 

POTASSII SULPHAS. Eng., Potassium Sulphate. 

Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). 

POTASSII ET SODII TARTRAS. Eng., Potassium and Sodium 
Tartrate. Synonym, Rochelle Salts. 

Form. — White powder. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless. A cooling saline taste. 

Solubility. — In 12 parts of water. Insoluble in alcohol. 

Pulvis Effervescens Compositus. Eng., Compound Effervescing 
Powder, Seidlitz Powder. These are prepared in sets of one blue and 
one white paper. Each blue paper contains Potassium and Sodium 
Tartrate, 7.75 Gm. (120 grains) ; Sodium Bicarbonate, 2.58 Gm. (40 grains). 
Each white paper contains Tartaric Acid 2.25 Gm. (35 grains). 

Average Dose. — 1 set of two powders. 

Therapeutic Action. — Purgative (saline and hydragogue). 

Uses. — Potassium and sodium tartrate, usually in the form 
of seidlitz powder, is a popular and pleasant purgative. 

Administration. — The two powders of a seidlitz powder are 
dissolved in separate glasses about a fourth full of water; then 
the contents of the glasses are mixed and swallowed while still 
effervescing. It is best taken before breakfast. 

LIQUOR POTASSII ARSENITIS.— See Arsenum, p. 70. 

PRUNUM. 

Latin, Prunus Yirginiana. Eng., Wild Cherry. The bark of 
Prunus domestica. 

Prune is contained in Confection of Senna. 

Therapeutic Action. — Laxative, nutrient. 

Uses. — Employed in the treatment of constipation. Fre- 
quently recommended, but not a prescription ingredient. 

PRUNUS VIRGINIANA. 

Latin, Primus Yirginiana. Eng., Wild. Cherry. The bark of 
Primus serotina. 

Principal Constituents. — Amygdalin (which yields with water, 
hydrocyanic acid, etc.), tannic acid. 

Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). 

Official Preparations. 

Fluidextractum Pruni Virginianae. Eng., Fluidextract of Wild 
Cherry. 

Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc.). 



276 PULVIS. PYRETHRUM. 

Infusum Pruni Virginianae. Eng., Infusion of Wild Cherry. Rep- 
resents 4 per cent, of the drug. 

Average Dose. — 2 fluidounces (60 Cc.). 

Syrupus Pruni Virginianae. Eng., Syrup of Wild Cherry. Represents 
15 per cent, of the drug. 

Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Bitter tonic and sedative. 

Uses. — Frequently used in cough preparations and in tonics. 

Administration. — The syrup is the preparation most fre- 
quently used. It is seldom prescribed alone, but is used as a 
vehicle, particularly for tonic and expectorant preparations. 

$ or 

Heroinae Hydrochlor gr. j 065 

Ammonii Chlor 3ij 8 000 

Syr. Ipecacuanhas fSj 4 000 

Syr. Pruni Virg q. s. f&ij 90 000 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful every two hours. 

PULVIS— Powder. 

The official powders are mixtures of powdered medicinal sub- 
stances. The following nine are official : 

Pulvis Acetanilidi Compositus. — See Acetanilidum. 

Pulvis Aromaticus. — See Cinnamomum. 

Pulvis Cretae Compositus. — Calcium. 

Pulvis Effervescens Compositus. — See Potassii et Soclii Tartras. 

Pulvis Glycyrrhizae Compositus. — See Glycyrrhiza. 

Pulvis Ipecacuanhas et Opii. — See Opium. 

Pulvis Jalapae Compositus. — See Jalapa. 

Pulvis Morphinae Compositus. — See Opium. 

Pulvis Rhei Compositus. — See Rheum. 

PYRETHRUM. 

Latin, Pyrethrum. Eng., Pyrethrum. Synonym, Pellitory. The 
root of Anacyclus pyrethrum. 

Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). 

Official Preparation. 

Tinctura Pyrethri. Eng., Tincture of Pyrethrum. Represents 20 per 
cent, of the drug. 



PYROGALLOL. PYROXYLINUM. QUASSIA. 277 

Therapeutic Action. — Rubefacient, sternutatory, sialagogue. 
Uses. — Recommended principally for scurvy, and for relaxed 
and other conditions of the mouth and throat. Seldom prescribed. 

PYROGALLOL. 

See Galla, p. 168. 

PYROXYLINUM. 

Latin, Pyroxylinum. Eng., Pyroxylin. Synonym, Guncotton. 

QUASSIA. 

Latin, Quassia. Eng., Quassia. The wood of Picrasma excelsa. 
Average Dose. — 7y 2 grains (0.5 Gm.). 

Official Preparations. 

Extractum Quassiae. Eng., Extract of Quassia. 
Average Dose. — 1 grain (0.065 Gm.). 

Fluidextractum Quassiae. Eng., Fluidextract of Quassia. 
Average Dose. — 3 minims (0.5 Cc). 

Tinctura Quassiae. Eng., Tincture of Quassia. Represents 20 per 
cent, of the drug. 

Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Stomachic, bitter tonic. 

Uses. — Sometimes used for loss of appetite, dyspepsia, etc. 
By enema it is used for pinworms. It is a vegetable bitter that 
can be prescribed with iron. The solution turns dark, but does 
not give a precipitate. 

Administration. — The following illustrates one of the most 
frequent uses of the drug. 

As an enema in the treatment of pinworms : 

U or 

Quininse Bisulph 3j 4| 

Tinct. Quassias fSij 60 

M. 

Sig. — Use two (2) tablespoonfuls to quart of warm water as directed. 

Or: 
3 or 

Quininae Bisulph 3ss 2| 

Quassiae Sj 301 

M. 

Sig. — Make a tea and use as directed. 

Patient is instructed to add one or two quarts of boiling water and let 
stand until cool enough to use, then strain. 



2/8 QUERCUS. QUILLAJA. QUININE. 

These enemas are usually preceded by an active purgative and 
repeated in a few days. 

QUERCUS. 

Latin, Quercus. Eng., White Oak. The dried bark of Quercus 
alba. 

Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 

Official Preparation. 

Fluidextractum Quercus. Eng., Fluidextract of Quercus. 
Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Astringent and styptic. 
Uses. — Seldom prescribed. 

QUILLAJA. 

Latin, Quillaja. Eng., Quillaja. Synonym, Soap Bark. The 
dried bark of Quillaja saponaria. 

Official Preparations. 

Fluidextractum Quillajae. Eng., Fluidextract of Quillaja. 
Average Dose. — 3 minims (0.5 Cc). 

Tinctura Quillajae. Eng., Tincture of Quillaja. Represents 20 per 
cent, of the drug. 

Therapeutic Action. — Sternutatory irritant, expectorant. 
Uses. — Quillaja is frequently used by the pharmacist in 
manufacturing, but is seldom prescribed as such. 

QUININE BISULPHAS. 

See Cinchona, p. 126. 

QUININE HYDROBROMIDUM. 

See Cinchona, p. 126. 

QUINTNJE HYDROCHLORIDUM. 

See Cinchona, p. 126. 

QUININE SALICYLAS. 

See Cinchona, p. 126. 

QUININE SULPHAS. 

See Cinchona, p. 126. 



RESIXA. RESORCIXOL. 279 

RESINA— Resin. 

With the exception of the official Resina, a resin is a powder con- 
sisting principally of the resinous principles of a vegetable drug. 
They are prepared by adding water to the alcoholic preparation of a 
drug and collecting, drying and powdering the precipitate. So they 
consist of those principles which are soluble in alcohol and insoluble 
in water. The following four are official : 

Resina. — See Terebinthina. 

Resina Jalapae. — See Jalapa. 

Resina Podophylli. — See Podophyllum. 

Resina Scammonii. — See Scamnionium. 

RESORCINOL. 

Latin, Resorcinol (Gen., Resorcinolis). Eng., Resorcinol. 
Synonym, Resorcin. 

A diatomic phenol. 

Form. — Colorless needle-shaped crystals acquiring a pinkish tint 
on exposure to air and light. 

Odor and Taste. — A peculiar odor and a sweetish and afterward 
bitter taste. 

Solubility. — In 9.8 parts of water; more soluble in alcohol. 

Incompatibles. — Acetanilide, alkalies, antipyrine, camphor, ferric 
chloride, menthol, spirit of nitrous ether, urethane, etc. 

Average Dose. — 2 grains (0.125 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Germicide. 

Uses. — Sometimes given internally, as for intestinal fermen- 
tation, gastritis, etc. ; but its use is principally confined to the 
treatment of skin diseases, as alopecia, tinea, scabies, etc. 

Administration. — Internally. — Resorcin, if administered by 
mouth, is best given in solution well diluted. 

Externally. — It is used both in solution and in ointments. It is 
most commonly combined with other agents. 

In the treatment of alopecia : 

B 1 or 

Resorcinolis gr. lxxx 5 

Quininae gr. xv 10 

Olei Ricini ntxx 1 3 

Alcoholis q. s. f5iv 120 

M. 

Sig. — Apply as directed. 



i Stelwagon: Diseases of the Skin. 



280 



RHAMXUS PURSHIAXA. 



In the treatment of alopecia: 

Ri or 

Resorcinolis gr. lxxx 

Phenolis gr. xx 

Spir. Myrciae q. s. fSiv 

M. 

Sig. — Apply as directed. 

In the treatment of seborrhcea capitis : 

R2 or 

Resorcinolis 3j 

Olei Ricini f 3j 

Alcoholis f 3iv 

M. 

Sig. — Apply as directed. 

In the treatment of ecthyma : 

B3 or 

Resorcinolis 3j 

Acidi Borici 3ij 

Glycerini f3j 

Alcoholis f3iv 

Aquae q. s. f Bviij 

M. 

Sig. — Apply freely. 

In the treatment of scabies : 

$ or 

Resorcinolis gr. xv 

Ung. Sulphuris 3ij 

Petrolati q. s. f 5j 

M. 

Sig. — Apply as directed. 



5|0 

1|3 

12010 



41 

4] 
120|0 



4| 

15] 

2401 



1 

8 

30 



RHAMNUS PURSHIANA. 

Latin, Rhamnus Purshiana. Eng., Cascara Sagrada. The dried 
bark of Rliamnus purshiana. 

Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 



Official Preparations. 

Extractum Rhamni Purshianae. Eng., Extract of Cascara Sagrada. 
Form. — A dark-colored powder. 
Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). 



1 Stelwagon: Diseases of the Skin. 

2 Ibid. 

3 Ibid. 



RHAMXUS PURSHIANA. 281 

Fluidextractum Rhamni Purshianae. Eng., Fluidextract of Cascara 
Sagrada. 

Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). 

Fluidextractum Rhamni Purshianae Aromaticum. Eng., Aromatic 
Fluidextract of Cascara Sagrada. Represents the same strength of the 
drug as the fluidextract and contains, in addition, aromatics. 

Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Purgative, stomachic, tonic. 

Uses. — Extensively used alone or in combination with other 
agents to produce purgation. Particularly serviceable in the treat- 
ment of chronic constipation. 

Administration. — All three of these preparations are exten- 
sively used. The fluidextract and the aromatic fluidextract are 
more commonly employed alone and administered three times 
a day, particularly when the effort' is to correct a chronic con- 
stipation. The dose may often be gradually decreased until the 
drug is entirely discontinued, while the improved physical con- 
dition continues. 

The simple fluidextract is very bitter, so given three times a 
day it exercises a tonic effect aside from its laxative action. The 
aromatic fluidextract is supposed to represent the same strength of 
the drug, but many prescribers claim that its purgative action is 
decidedly less than that of the other preparation. The U. S. P. av- 
erage dose is frequently exceeded, particularly when the fluidex- 
tracts are ordered alone. 

The extract is seldom ordered alone, but is frequently used with 
other agents. It is preferably administered in capsules. The crude 
drug is seldom if ever prescribed. 

As a tonic and laxative : 

n or 

Flext. Rhamni Pursh f 3j 301 

Glycerini, 

Elix. Aromatici aa. f§ss 151 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoon ful after meals. 

Or: 

R or 

Flext. Rhamni Pursh. Arom., 

Glycerini aa. fSss 15 1 

Ext. Malti q. s. f&j 60 1 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful after meals. 



282 



RHEUM. 



Or: 

$ or 

Flext. Rhamni Pursh. Arom. f§j 30| 

Sig. — Teaspoonful at bedtime. 

As a laxative in the treatment of acne : 

$1 or 

Flext. Rhamni Pursh., 

Tinct. Nucis Vomicae aa f3iij 12 

Tinct. Cardamomi Comp q. s. fSiij 90 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water before meals. 

In capsules in combination with other purgatives : 

R or 

Atropinae Sulph gr. %oo 0006 

Strychninae Sulph gr. Yso 0002 

Hydrarg. Chlor. Mitis gr. v 3200 

Ext. Rhamni Pursh gr. vj 4000 

M. ft. cap. no. iv. 
Sig. — One every hour. 

In the treatment of constipation : 
$2 or 

Ext. Belladon. Fol gr. ij |13 

Resinae Podophylli gr. ij j 13 

Ext. Nucis Vomicae gr. v |32 

Ext. Rhamni Pursh gr. xl 2150 

M. ft. cap. no. xx. 
Sis:. — One at bedtime. 



RHEUM. 

Latin, Rheum (Gen., Rhei). Eng., Rhubarb. The dried rhizome 
of Rheum officinalis, R. palmatum, etc. 

Principal Constituents. — Chrysophan, rheotannic acid, etc. 
Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 



Official Preparations. 

Extractum Rhei. Eng., Extract of Rhubarb, A soft solid. 
Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). 

Fluidextractum Rhei. Eng., Fluidextract of Rhubarb. 
Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). 



1 Stelwagon: Diseases of the Skin. 
2Ashton: Practice of Gynecology. 



RHUS GLABRA. 283 

Mistura Rhei et Sodae. Eng., Mixture of Rhubarb and Soda. Sodium 
Bicarbonate, 35 Gm.; Fluidextract of Rhubarb, 15 Cc.; Fluidextract of 
Ipecac, 3 Cc; Spirit of Peppermint, 35 Cc; Glycerin, 350 Cc; Water, 
to make 1000 Cc. 

Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). 

Pilulae Rhei Compositae. Eng., Compound Pills of Rhubarb. Each 
Pill contains 0.13 Gm. (2 grains) of Rhubarb with Aloes, Myrrh and 
Peppermint. 

Average Dose. — 2 pills. 

Pulvis Rhei Compositus. Eng., Compound Powder of Rhubarb. 
Rhubarb, 25 Gm.; Magnesium Oxide, 65 Gm.; Ginger, 10 Gm. 
Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). 

Syrupus Rhei. Eng., Syrup of Rhubarb. Represents 10 per cent, of 
the drug with Potassium Carbonate and Cinnamon. 
Average Dose. — 2 fluidrachms (8 Cc). 

Syrupus Rhei Aromaticus. Eng., Aromatic Syrup of Rhubarb. Rep- 
resents 3 per cent, of the drug with aromatics. 
Average Dose. — 2 fluidrachms (8 Cc). 

Tinctura Rhei. Eng., Tincture of Rhubarb. Represents 20 per cent, 
of the drug. 

Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). 

Tinctura Rhei Aromatica. Eng., Aromatic Tincture of Rhubarb. 
Represents 20 per cent, of the drug with aromatics. 
Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Purgative, stomachic, also astringent. 

Uses. — Rhubarb is still a popular purgative with the laity. 
It is sometimes prescribed by the profession, but usually as an 
adjuvant for other agents. Its secondary effect is astringent. 

Administration. — Powdered Rhubarb is sometimes used with 
other purgative agents, and the other preparations are occasionally 
employed. The taste is disagreeable. 

In combination with other purgatives : 

n or 

Hydrarg. Chlor. Mitis., 
Rhei Pulv., 

Fel. Bovis Insp aa. gr. v 320 

Ext. Hyoscyami gr. j 065 

M. ft. cap. no. iij. 
Sig. — One every hour. 

RHUS GLABRA. 

Latin, Rhus Glabra. Eng., Rhus Glabra. Synonym, Shumach. 
The dried fruit of Rhus glabra. 

Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 



284 ROSA GALLICA. 

Official Preparation. 

Fluidextractum Rhois Glabrae. Eng., Fluidextract of Rhus Glabra. 
Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Astringent. 

Uses. — Has been recommended for pharyngitis, tonsillitis, 
stomatitis, etc. Seldom prescribed. 

ROSA GALLICA. 

Latin, Rosa Galliea. Eng., Red Rose. The dried petals of Rosa 

gallica. 

Principal Constituents. — Volatile oil, etc. 

Official Preparations. 

Confectio Rosae. Eng., Confection of Rose. Red Rose, 80 Gm.; 
Sugar, 640 Gm.; Clarified Honey, 120 Gm.; Stronger Rose Water, 160 Cc. 

Fluidextractum Rosae. Eng., Fluidextract of Rose. 
Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). 

Mel Rosae. Eng., Honey of Rose. Fluidextract of Rose, 120 Cc; 
Clarified Honey, to make 1000 Gm. 
Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). 

Syrupus Rosae. Eng., Syrup of Rose. Represents 12.5 per cent, of 
the drug. 

Oleum Rosae. Eng., Oil of Rose. Synonym, Attar of Rose. A 
volatile oil. 

Aqua Rosae. Eng., Rose Water. Stronger Rose Water and Distilled 
Water equal parts. 

Average Dose. — 4 fluidrachms (16 Cc). 

Aqua Rosae Fortior. Eng., Stronger Rose Water. Water saturated 
with the volatile Oil of Rose petals b}' distillation. 

Average Dose. — 2 fluidrachms (8 Cc). 

Unguentum Aquae Rosae. Eng., Ointment of Rose Water. Synonym, 
Cold Cream. Spermaceti, 125 Gm.; White Wax, 120 Gm.; Expressed 
Oil of Almond, 560 Gm.; Stronger Rose W r ater, 190 Cc; Sodium 
Borate, 5 Gm. 

Therapeutic Action. — Rose is a mild astringent and stomachic. 

Uses. — The preparations are extensively employed as vehicles 
and flavors. 

Administration. — These preparations are used almost exclu- 
sively as vehicles, and to disguise unpleasant tastes and odors. 
The Confection, Honey and Syrup are not used in some neigh- 
borhoods with enough frequency to enable the smaller drug- 
stores to keep a fresh supply on hand. Rose Water and the 



ROSA GALLICA. 



285 



Ointment of Rose Water are very desirable vehicles, and can 
usually be supplied in good condition by any pharmacy. 

As a vehicle in a prescription for the treatment of erythema vene- 
natum : 



or 

Cocainae Hydrochlor gr. x 

Adrenalin Chlondi (Sol. 1:1000) f&ss 15 

Aquae Rosas q. s. f 3vj 180 

M. 

Sig. — Apply every two hours. 



65 
00 
00 



As a vehicle in a prescription for the treatment of chapped face 
and hands : 



Phenolis Liq ttl x 

Glycerini f3j 

Alcoholis fSj 

Aquae Rosae q. s. f Biv 

M. 

Sig. — Apply after bathing. 



or 



30 

30 
120 



65 
00 
00 
00 



As a flavor in a prescription for the treatment of salivation : 

B 2 or 

Acidi Borici, 

Acidi Tannici aa. gr. xl 2|5 

Mellis Rosae f3ij 60|0 

Aquae q. s. fHvj 180|0 

M. 

Sig. — Use as a mouth-wash every two hours. 



As a vehicle in a prescription for the treatment of eczema of the 
scrotum : 

B 3 or 

Camphorae, 

Chlor^li Hydrati aa gr. xx 1 13 

Adipis Lanae Hyd Sss 15 JO 

Ung. Aquae Rosae q. s. 5j 3010 

M. 

Sig. — Apply liberally several times a day. 



1 Ohmann-Dumesnil: Diseases of the Skin. 

2 White and Martin: Genito-urinary and Venereal Diseases. 

3 Ohmann-Dumesnil: Diseases of the Skin. 



286 



RUBUS. 



SABAL. 



As a vehicle in a prescription for the treatment of eczema of the 
feet and legs : 

Ri or 

Phenolis gr. x 65 

Olei Cadini n\x 65 

Picis Liquidae gr. xx 1 30 

Ung. Aquae Rosse q. s. Sj 30 

M. 

Sig. — Apply thoroughly twice a day. 



RUBUS. 

Latin, Rubus. Eng., Rubus. Synonym, Blackberry. The dried 
bark of the rhizome of several species of Rubus. 
Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 

Official Preparations. 

Fluidextractum Rubi. Eng., Fluidextract of Rubus. 
Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). 

Syrupus Rubi. Eng., Syrup of Rubus. Represents 25 per cent, of 
the drug. 

Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Astringent. 

Uses. — Recommended for diarrhea, and locally for pharyngitis, 
tonsillitis, etc. Seldom prescribed. 



SABAL. 

Latin, Sabal. Eng., Sabal. Synonym. Saw Palmetto. The par- 
tially dried ripe fruit of Serenoa serrulata. 
Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 

Official Preparation. 

Fluidextractum Sabal. Eng., Fluidextract of Sabal. 
Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Diuretic, expectorant. 

Uses. — Sabal is a constituent of some of the popular pharma- 
ceutical preparations for genito-urinary diseases, as cystitis, 
urethritis, etc. It is also recommended for chronic bronchitis, 
asthma, etc. 

Administration. — The most frequently used preparation is the 
Elixir of Saw Palmetto and Santal Co., which is prescribed alone. 



1 Ohraann-Duniesnil: Diseases of the Skin. 



SABINA. SACCHARUM LACTIS. 287 

SABINA. 

Latin, Sabina. Eng., Savin. The tops of Juniperus sabina. 
Average Dose. — 7y 2 grains (0.5 Gm.). 

Official Constituent. 

Oleum Sabinae. Eng., Oil of Savin. A volatile oil. 
Average Dose. — 1 minim (0.05 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Diuretic, emmenagogue, ecbolic. 
Uses. — Seldom prescribed. 

SACCHARUM. 

Latin, Saccharum (Gen., Sacchari). Eng., Sugar. Synonyms, 
Cane Sugar, Granulated Sugar. 

Form. — White, dry, hard, distinctly crystalline granules. 
Odor and Taste. — Odorless. A purely sweet taste. 
Solubility. — In 0.46 part of water or 137.2 parts of alcohol. 

Official Preparations. 

Syrupus. Eng., Syrup. Synonym, Simple Syrup. Sugar, 850 Gm.; 
Distilled Water, to make 1000 Cc. 

Sugar is a constituent of all syrups and many other officinal prep- 
arations. Sugar as such is often prescribed to give bulk and sweet 
taste to powders and in solution to disguise unpleasant tastes and 
also to render liquids thicker so that soluble matter will remain longer 
in suspension when the mixture is agitated. The flavored syrups, 
as Syrup of Orange, etc., are more frequently employed. 

SACCHARUM LACTIS. 

Latin, Saccharum Lactis (Gen., Sacchari Lactis). Eng., Sugar 
of Milk. Synonym, Lactose. 

Form. — Usually a white powder. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless. A faintly sweet taste. 

Solubility. — In 4.79 parts of water. Insoluble in alcohol. 

Sugar of milk is used in Powder of Ipecac and Opium and Tritu- 
ration of Elaterin. It is therapeutically inactive, only faintly sweet 
as compared with cane sugar, and being a clean white powder it 
makes a very desirable vehicle in administering powders. It is a 
valuable constituent in the modified milk formulae. 

The following will show how it is ordered in prescribing: 



288 SALICIXUM. SALVIA. SANGUINARIA. 

As a vehicle : 

B or 

Hydrarg. Chlor. Mitis gr. j |065 

Sacchari Lactis gr. xxx 21000 

M. ft. cht. no. v. 

Sig. — One every half-hour. 



SAFROLUM. 

See Sassafras, p. 292. 

SALICINUM. 

Latin, Salicinum. Eng., Salicin. A glucoside obtained from 
several species of Salix and Populus and appearing in the form of 
crystals, needles, prisms, or powder; odorless, and having a very 
bitter taste. 

Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Antipyretic, antirheumatic, antiseptic. 

Uses. — Sometimes employed in the treatment of rheumatism, 
tonsillitis and kindred conditions. Not often prescribed. 

SALVIA. 

Latin, Salvia. Eng., Salvia. Synonym, Sage. The dried leaves 
of Salvia officinalis. 

Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Said to be stomachic, diuretic, dia- 
phoretic, and astringent. 

Uses. — A popular home remedy, but not often prescribed. 

SANGUINARIA. 

Latin, Sanguinaria. Eng., Sanguinaria. Synonym, Bloodroot. 
The dried rhizome of Sanguinaria canadensis. 
Average Dose. — 2 grains (0.125 Gm.). 

Official Preparations. 

Fluidextractum Sanguinariae. Eng., Fluidextract of Sanguinaria. 
Average Dose. — V/ 2 minims (0.1 Cc). 

Tinctura Sanguinariae. Eng., Tincture of Sanguinaria. Represents 10 
per cent, of the drug. 

Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). 



SANTALUM RUBRUM. SANTONICA. 289 

Therapeutic Action. — Expectorant, emetic, etc. 

Uses. — Sanguinaria is a constituent of some pharmaceutical 
preparations for cough, etc. It has been recommended for other 
conditions. It is seldom a prescription ingredient. 

SANTALUM RUBRUM. 

Latin, Santalum Rubrum. Eng., Red Saunders. The heart-wood 
of Pterocarpits santalinus. 

Therapeutic Action. — Probably none. 

Uses. — As a coloring agent for pharmaceutical preparations. 

SANTONICA. 

Latin, Santonica. Eng., Santonica. Synonym, Levant Worm- 
seed. The dried, unexpanded flower-heads of Artemisia pauciflora. 

Official Constituent and Preparation. 

Santonium. Eng., Santonin. The inner anhydride or lactone of San- 
tonic Acid obtained from Santonica. 

Form. — Colorless prisms, turning yellow on exposure to light. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless and nearly tasteless when first put in the 
mouth, but afterward developing a bitter taste. 

Solubility. — In 5300 parts of water or 34 parts of alcohol. 

Average Dose. — 1 grain (0.065 Gm.). 

Trochisci Santonini. Eng., Troches of Santonin. Each troche con- 
tains 0.03 Gm. ( l / 2 grain) of Santonin with Sugar, Tragacanth and Stronger 
Orange-flower Water. 

Therapeutic Action. — Vermifuge. 

Uses. — Santonin is used for the removal of roundworms and 
sometimes, in connection with other measures, for the removal of 
pinworms. 

Administration. — It should be remembered that Santonin is 
a dangerous remedy, sometimes, even in the usual medicinal 
doses, causing toxic symptoms. Another matter of importance 
is to advise the family of patient as to the possibility of it caus- 
ing a yellow- or red- colored urine. 

Santonin is prescribed either with some inert powder, as sugar of 
milk, or with a purgative, particularly the mild mercurous chloride. 
Its virtue depends largely on its comparative insolubility, which en- 
ables it to reach the lower part of the intestinal tract. It is con- 
sidered desirable, therefore, by many, to administer crystals in 
preference to powder. In the case of adults this is readily accom- 

19 



290 SAPO. 

plished by prescribing the crystals, with other agents, in capsules. 
For children, small crystals may be used with granulated sugar or 
sugar of milk. The crystals may also be incorporated with con- 
fection of rose, or made into lozenges with sugar and tragacanth. 
The official troches are made with the powdered drug. 

In the treatment of roundworms (for child 4 years old) : 

$ or 

Santonini (cryst.) gr. j |06 

Hydrarg. Chlor. Mitis gr. ij 1 13 

Sacchari Lactis gr. xxx 2 00 

M. (non trit.) ft. cht. no. iv. 
Sig. — One every hour. 

This is usually given at night and followed the next morning by an 
active purgative. 

SAPO. 

Latin, Sapo. Eng., Soap. Synonym, White Castile Soap, Hard 
Soap. 

Soap prepared from sodium hydroxide and olive oil. 



Preparations. 

Emplastrum Saponis. Eng., Soap Plaster. Soap, 10 Gm.; Lead 
Plaster, 90 Gm. 

Linimentum Saponis. Eng., Soap Liniment. Synonym, Opodeldoc. 
Soap, 60 Gm.; Camphor, 45 Gm. ; Oil of Rosemarj', 10 Gm.; Alcohol, 725 
Cc; Water, to 1000 Cc. Soap Liniment is contained in Chloroform 
Liniment. 

Therapeutic Action. — Detergent, and the liniment is a rube- 
facient and cutaneous stimulant. 

Uses. — Soap is used externally as a cleansing agent, and by 
suppository or enema to empty the bowels. Soap liniment is 
used as a mild rubefacient and lubricant for massage, and as 
a vehicle for more active agents. 

Administration. — Soap Liniment is rather extensively used 
externally either alone or with other agents, as chloroform or 
menthol and chloroform in various proportions. 



SAPO MOLLIS. 291 

In the treatment of neuralgia (to be applied with friction along 
the course of the affected nerve) : 

$1 or 

Tinct. Aconiti, 

Chloroformi aa. f 3iv 15 

Lin. Saponis q. s. f Hiv 120 

M. 

Sig. — "Poison." 

Apply as directed. 

SAPO MOLLIS. 

Latin. Sapo Mollis. Eng., Soft Soap. Synonym, Green Soap. 
Soap prepared from potassium hydroxide and linseed oil. 
Form. — A soft, unctuous, yellowish-brown mass. 
Odor and Taste. — Characteristic odor and alkaline taste. 
Solubility. — In hot water to nearly a clear liquid. In hot alcohol 
without leaving more than 3 per cent, of insoluble residue. 

Official Preparations. 

Linimentum Saponis Mollis. Eng., Liniment of Soft Soap. Synonym, 
Tincture of Green Soap. Soft Soap, 650 Gm.; Oil of Lavender Flowers, 
20 Cc; Alcohol, to 1000 Cc. 

Therapeutic Action. — Detergent. Stimulant to the skin. 

Uses. — The liniment of soft soap is used alone or with other 
agents as a shampoo in the treatment of diseases of the scalp, 
and various other skin affections. It is extensively used in place 
of hard soap for cleansing the skin for surgical procedures. 

Administration. — Liniment of Soft Soap is extensively used 
and recommended by the profession, but does not often consti- 
tute part of a prescription except in dermatological work. Soft 
Soap is often used in ointments with other agents. 

Used in an antiparasitic ointment : 

R^ or 

Sulphuris Prsecip 3ij 8 

Saponis Mollis, 

Olei Cadini aa. 3j 4 

Adipis Benzoinati q. s. Sj 30 

M. 

Sig. — Apply as directed. 



1 Shoemaker: Materia Mediea and Therapeutics. 
-Steiwagon: Diseases of the Skin. 



292 SARSAPARILLA. SASSAFRAS. 

SARSAPARILLA. 

Latin, Sarsaparilla. Eng., Sarsaparilla. The root of several 
species of Smilax. 

Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). 

Official Preparations. 

Fluidextractum Sarsaparillae. Eng., Fluidextract of Sarsaparilla. 
Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). 

Fluidextractum Sarsaparillae Compositum. Eng., Compound Fluid- 
extract of Sarsaparilla. Sarsaparilla, 750 Gm.; Glycyrrhiza, 120 Gm.; 
Sassafras, 100 Gm. ; Mezereum, 30 Gm. ; Glycerin, Alcohol and Water, 
to 1000 Cc. 

Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). 

Syrupus Sarsaparillae Compositum. Eng., Compound Syrup of Sar- 
saparilla. Fluidextract of Sarsaparilla, 20 Cc; Fluidextract of Glycyr- 
rhiza, 15 Cc; Fluidextract of Senna, 15 Cc; with Oils of Sassafras, 
Anise and Gaultheria ; Sugar and Water. 

Average Dose. — 4 fluidrachms (16 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Has been classed as an alterative, but 
any virtue is questionable. 

Uses. — The preparations of sarsaparilla are used as vehicles, 
particularly for alterative agents. It is a constituent of many 
pharmaceutical and proprietary remedies. 

Administration. — Sarsaparilla and its preparations are not 
now very extensively prescribed. The Compound Syrup is some- 
times used as a vehicle in the administration of "Mixed Treat- 
ment." The taste of Sarsaparilla is regarded as very pleasant by 
some and decidedly disagreeable by others. It is an ingredient 
in the unofficial Compound Elixir of Salicylic Acid, a rather 
popular remedy for rheumatism. 

In the treatment of syphilis : 
Bi or 



Hydrarg. Iodidi Rub gr. iv 

Potassii Iodidi 3iv 4 

Syr. Sarsaparil. Co q. s. f5vj 180 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water four times daily. 



26 
00 
00 



SASSAFRAS. 

Latin, Sassafras. Eng., Sassafras. The dried bark of the root 
of Sassafras varifolium. 

Average Dose. — 120 grains (8 Gm.). 



i White and Martin: Genito-urinary and Venereal Diseases. 



SASSAFRAS. SCAMMONIUM. SCILLA. 293 

Official Constituents. 

Oleum Sassafras. Eng., Oil of Sassafras. A volatile oil. 
Average Dose. — 3 minims (0.2 Cc). 

Safrolum. Eng., Safrol. A colorless or faintly yellow liquid ob- 
tained from Oil of Sassafras and some other volatile oils. 
Average Dose. — 5 minims (0.3 Cc.). 

Sassafras and the oil are contained in some other official preparations. 

Therapeutic Action. — Stomachic. The oil is also an irritant. 

Uses. — The oil is a favorite constituent of household lini- 
ments, and sassafras is used in the preparation of some pharma- 
ceutical and proprietary remedies. Seldom prescribed. 

SASSAFRAS MEDULLA. 

Latin, Sassafras Medulla. Eng., Sassafras Pith. The dried 
pith of Sassafras varifolium. 

Official Preparation. 

Mucilago Sassafras Medullar. Eng., Mucilage of Sassafras Pith. 
Average Dose. — 4 fluidrachms (16 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Demulcent. 
Uses. — Seldom prescribed. 

SCAMMONIUM. 

Latin, Scammonium. Eng., Scammony. A gum-resin obtained 
from Convolvulus scammonia. 

Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). 

Official Preparation. 

Resina Scammonii. Eng., Resin of Scammony. 
Average Dose. — 3 grains (0.250 Gm.). 

Resin of Scammony is contained in Compound Extract of Colocynth. 

Therapeutic Action. — Hydragogue purgative. 
Uses. — Seldom prescribed as such. 

SCILLA. 

Latin, Scilla. Eng., Squill. The bulb of Urginea maritima. 
Average Dose. — 2 grains (0.125 Gm.). 



294 SCOPARIUS. 

Official Preparations. 

Acetum Scillae. Eng., Vinegar of Squill. Represents 10 per cent, of 
the drug. 

Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc.). 

Fluidextractum Scillae. Eng., Fluidextract of Squill. 

Average Dose. — \y 2 minims (0.1 Cc). 

Syrupus Scillae. Eng., Syrup of Squill. Represents 4.5 per cent, of 
the drug. 

Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). 

Syrupus Scillae Compositus. Eng., Compound Syrup of Squill. 
Synonym, Hive Syrup. Represents Squill 8 per cent., Senega 8 per 
cent., Antimony and Potassium Tartrate 0.2 per cent. 

Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). 

Tinctura Scillae. Eng., Tincture of Squill. Represents 10 per cent, of 
the drug. 

Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Expectorant, diuretic, emetic. 

Uses. — Employed in the treatment of bronchitis, pneumonia, 
asthma, cardiac diseases, dropsy, etc. Xot often prescribed. 

Administration. — When employed as a diuretic, Powdered 
Squill is the form of common choice. (See Digitalis.) It is 
usually combined with other agents and administered in pills or 
capsules. As an expectorant the syrup is the most frequently 
prescribed. It is usually associated with other agents. 

SCOPARIUS. 

Latin, Scoparius. Eng., Scoparius. Synonym, Broom. The 
dried tops of Cytisus scoparius. 

Principal Constituents. — Sparteine, tannic acid, etc. 
Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 

Official Alkaloidal Salt. 

Sparteinae Sulphas. Eng., Sparteine Sulphate. The sulphate of an 
alkaloid obtained from Scoparius. 

Form. — Colorless crystals or powder. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless. A slightly saline and somewhat bitter taste. 

Solubility. — In 1.1 parts of water, or 2.4 parts of alcohol. 

Average Dose. — % grain (0.010 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Diuretic circulatory stimulant. 

Uses. — Sparteine sulphate is used in the treatment of heart 
and kidney conditions. 

Administration. — The following will illustrate the manner 
of prescribing: 



SCOPOLA. SCUTELLARIA. 295 

In the treatment of chronic valvular disease : 
Ri • or 

Caffeine Citratae 3ss 2|00 

Strychninae Sulph gr. % |02 

Sparteine Sulph gr. iij |20 

M. ft. cap. no. xij. 

Sig. — One every four hours. 

In the treatment of acute uremia : 
1*2 or 

Pilocarpinae Hydrochl gr. j |065 

Sparteine Sulph gr. iv [260 

Inf. Digitalis fSij 60|000 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful every half-hour till desired effect. 

SCOPOLA. 

Latin, Scopola. Eng., Scopola. The dried rhizome of Scopola 
carniolica. 

Average Dose. — y± grain (0.045 Gm.). 

Official Preparations and Constituents. 

Extractum Scopolae. Eng., Extract of Scopola. 
Average Dose. — % grain (0.010 Gm.). 

Fluidextractum Scopolae. Eng., Fluidextract of Scopola. 
Average Dose. — 1 minim (0.05 Cc). 

Scopolaminas Hydrobromidum. Eng., Scopolamine Hydrobromide. 
Average Dose. — %28 grain (0.0005 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Mydriatic, anodyne, hypnotic, anti- 
spasmodic. 

Uses. — Sometimes used for dilating the pupil ; also for such 
conditions as alcoholic psychosis, dementia, etc. 

Administration. — The salt of the alkaloid is used by the physi- 
cian, but is not often a prescription ingredient. 

SCUTELLARIA. 

Latin, Scutellaria. Eng., Scutellaria. Synonym, Skullcap. The 
dried plant of Scutellaria lateriflora. 
Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 

i Anders: Practice of Medicine. 
2 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 



296 SEXEGA. SEXXA. 

Official Preparation. 

Fluidextractum Scutellariae. Eng., Fluidextract of Scutellaria. 
Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Said to be sedative and antispasmodic. 
Uses. — It is sometimes used in domestic medications, but not 
often prescribed. 

SENEGA. 

Latin, Senega. Eng., Senega. Synonym, Senega Snake Root. 
The dried root of Poly gala senega. 
Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 

Official Preparations. 

Fluidextractum Senegas. Eng., Fluidextract of Senega. 
Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). 

Syrupus Senegae. Eng.. Syrup of Senega. Represents 20 per cent, of 
the drug. 

Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). 

Senega is contained in the Compound Syrup of Squill. 

Therapeutic Action. — Expectorant, diuretic. 
Uses. — Sometimes used in the treatment of bronchitis. Sel- 
dom prescribed. 

SENNA. 

Latin, Senna. Eng., Senna. The dried leaflets of Cassia acuti- 
folia or of C. angustifolia. 

Average Dose. — 60 grains (4 Gm.). 

Official Preparations. 

Confectio Sennas. Eng., Confection of Senna. Represents 10 per 
cent, of Senna with other laxative agents. 
Average Dose. — 60 grains (4 Gm.). 

Fluidextractum Sennas. Eng., Fluidextract of Senna. 
Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). 

Infusum Sennas Compositum. Eng., Compound Infusion of Senna. 
Synonym, Black Draught. Represents 6 per cent, of Senna with Manna, 
Fennel and Magnesium Sulphate. 

Average Dose. — 4 fluidounces (120 Cc). 

Syrupus Sennas. Eng., Syrup of Senna. Represents 25 per cent, of 
the drug. 

Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). 

Senna is also contained in Compound Syrup of Sarsaparilla and 
Compound Powder of Glycyrrhiza. 



SERPENTARIA. SERUM. SEVUM. 297 

Therapeutic Action. — Purgative. 

Uses. — Senna is a popular remedy of the laity and is a con- 
stituent of many of the proprietary laxatives and "Liver Medi- 
cines." Not often prescribed. 

SERPENTARIA. 

Latin, Serpentaria. Eng., Serpentaria. Synonym, Virginia 
Snake Root. The dried rhizome and roots of Aristolochia serpen- 
taria or of A. reticulata. 

Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 

Official Preparations. 

Fluidextractum Serpentariae. Eng., Fluidextract of Serpentaria. 
Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). 

Tinctura Serpentariae. Eng., Tincture of Serpentaria. Represents 20 
per cent, of the drug. 

Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). 

Serpentaria is also contained in the Compound Tincture of Cinchona. 

Therapeutic Action. — Classed as a bitter tonic, expectorant, 
diuretic. 

Uses. — It is sometimes used as an adjuvant and corrective for 
other agents in the treatment of anorexia, indigestion, etc., and in 
the treatment of bronchitis and related conditions. Seldom 
prescribed. 

SERUM ANTIDIPHTHERICUM. 

Latin, Serum Antidiphthericum. Eng., Antidiphtheric Serum, 
Diphtheria Antitoxin. 

Average Dose. — 3000 units. 

Immunizing dose for well persons, 500 units. 

The U. S. P. average dose of 3000 units is usually exceeded, it 
being the custom of some of the more progressive therapists to 
give, except in the case of infants, a minimum of 5000 to 10,000 
units for the pharyngeal and 20,000 for the laryngeal infection. 
The serum as an immunizing agent is now seldom employed. 

SEVUM PRJEPARATUM. 

Latin, Sevum Prseparatum. Eng., Prepared Suet. The purified 
internal fat of the abdomen of the sheep, Ovis aries. 
Therapeutic Action. — Emollient. 



298 SIXAPIS ALBA, XIGRA. SODIUM. 

Uses. — Employed in pharmaceutical manufacturing - , but sel- 
dom prescribed. 

SINAPIS ALBA. 

Latin, Sinapis Alba. Eng., White Mustard. The seed of Sinapis 
alba. 

Average Dose. — Emetic, 120 grains (8 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Emetic, rubefacient, vesicant. 

Uses. — Extensively used in the form of poultices, plasters, 
etc., in the treatment of pleurisy, bronchitis, pneumonia, and as 
a counterirritant for deep-seated pain generally. In the pow- 
dered form it is a prompt and safe emetic. 

Administration. — As an emetic a tablespoonful of powdered 
mustard is given in a glass of warm water. As a counterirritant, 
a satisfactory formula is one heaping tablespoonful of powdered 
mustard to eight of flour and the white of one tgg. It is .ap- 
plied hot and allowed to remain until the desired redness has 
been induced. 

SINAPIS NIGRA. 

Latin, Sinapis Nigra. Eng., Black Mustard. The seed of 
Brassica nigra. 

Average Dose. — Emetic, 120 grains (8 Gm.). 

Official Preparations and Constituents. 

Charta Sinapis. Eng., Mustard Paper. 

Oleum Sinapis Volatile. Eng., Volatile Oil of Mustard. Synonym, 
Essential Oil of Mustard. 

Average Dose. — % minim (0.008 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Emetic, rubefacient, vesicant. 
Uses. — See Sinapis Alba. The oil is a constituent of many 
proprietary liniments. It is a powerful irritant. 

SODIUM. 

The metal is not official, but the Pharmacopoeia contains the fol- 
lowing salts and preparations : 

SODII ACETAS. Eng., Sodium Acetate. Formula, NaC 2 N 3 2 . 

Form. — Colorless prisms or powder. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless. A cooling saline taste. 

Solubility. — In about 1 part of water or 23 parts of alcohol. 

Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 



SODIUM. 299 

Therapeutic Action. — Diuretic, diaphoretic. 
Uses. — Seldom prescribed. 

SODII ARSENAS.— See Arsenum, p. 70. 
Sodii Arsenas Exsiccatus. — See Arsenum, p. 70. 
Liquor Sodii Arsenatis. — See Arsenum, p. 70. 
SODII BENZOAS.— See Benzoates, p. 86. 

SODII BICARBONAS. Eng., Sodium Bicarbonate. Synonyms, 
Soda, Cooking Soda. 

Form. — A white powder. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless. A cooling saline taste. 
Solubility. — In 12 parts of water. Insoluble in alcohol. 
Incompatibles. — It is decomposed by acids and acid salts. 
Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 

Trochisci Sodii Bicarbonatis. Eng., Troches of Sodium Bicarbonate. 
Each troche contains about 3 grains of Sodium Bicarbonate. Sodium 
Bicarbonate is contained in Mixture of Rhubarb and Soda. 

Therapeutic Action. — Antacid. 

Uses. — Extensively used in the treatment of hyperchlorhy- 
dria, gastric ulcers, "acidosis," etc. 

Administration. — The following will illustrate some common 
uses of the drug : 

Given alone, as in "acid intoxication," it may be ordered as 
follows (for child 4 years old) : 

R or 

Sodii Bicarbonatis gr. c 61 

Ft. cht. no. x. 

Sig. — One in water even- three hours till relieved. 

Or: 

B or 

Hydrarg. Chlor. Mitis gr j |065 

Sodii Bicarbonatis gr. c 6|000 

M. ft. cht. no. x. 

Sig. — One in water every four hours. 

The following has been recommended for headache : 

$i or 

Acetanilidi gr. lxxij 4|50 

Caffeinse Citratae, 

Camphorse Monobrom aa. gr. xij |75 

Sodii Bicarbonatis gr. xlviij 3100 

M. ft. cap. no. xxiv. 

Sig. — One every half-hour until six (6) are taken. 



i Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 



300 SODIUM. 

It may also be ordered for enema: 
$ or 

Sodii Bicarbonatis 3j 301 

Sig. — Use tablespoonful to half-gallon warm water. 

Used in a preparation for cleansing the nose in infectious 
diseases : 

n 1 or 

Phenolis Liq n\vj |4 

Sodii Bicarb gr. xxx 2'0 

Sodii Boratis gr. xl 2|5 

Glycerini f3ij 810 

Aquae Dest q. s. f5vj 180|0 

M. 

Sig. — Spray as directed. 

In the treatment of flatulence, hysteria, etc. : 

1*2 or 

Sodii Bicarbonatis gr. xl 3| 

Spir. Ammonia? Arom., 

Tinct. Zingiberis aa. fBss 15 1 

Spir. /Etheris Comp q. s. f Si j 601 

M. 

Sig.— "Shake." 

Two (2) teaspoonfuls in water. Repeat when necessary. 

SODII BISULPHIS. Eng., Sodium Bisulphite. 
Form. — Opaque crystals or granular powder. 

Odor and Taste. — Odor of Sulphur Dioxide. A disagreeable sulphurous 
taste. 

Solubility. — In 3.5 parts of water and 70 parts of alcohol. 
Average Dose. — 7 l / 2 grains (0.500 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Antiseptic. 
Uses. — Seldom prescribed. 

SODII BORAS. Eng., Sodium Borate. Synonym, Borax. 
Form. — Colorless prisms or white powder. 
Odor and Taste. — Odorless. A sweetish, alkaline taste. 
Solubility. — In 20.4 parts of water. Insoluble in alcohol. 
Incompatibles. — Mineral acids, most metallic and alkaloidal salts. 
Average Dose. — 7y 2 grains (0.500 Gm.). 

Sodium Borate is contained in the Ointment of Rose Water. 



1 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 

2 Shoemaker: Materia Medica and Therapeutics. 



SODIUM. 301 

Therapeutic Action. — Antiseptic. 

Uses. — Sometimes employed with other agents in the treat- 
ment of nasal catarrh, stomatitis, etc. 

Administration. — Not often prescribed. The following will 
illustrate how it may be ordered : 

In the treatment of chronic nasal catarrh : 
Ri or 

Phenolis gr. iv 26 

Sodii Bicarb., 

Sodii Boratis aa. gr. xx 1 30 

Glycerini f3iv 15 00 

Aquae q. s. fSiv 120 00 

M. 

Sig. — Spray as directed. 

SODII BROMIDUM.— See Bromides, p. 94. 

SODII CARBONAS MONOHYDRATUS. Eng., Monohydrated 
Sodium Carbonate. 

Form. — A white powder. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless. A strongly alkaline taste. 
Solubility. — In 2.9 parts of water. Insoluble in alcohol. 
Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Antacid. 

Uses. — Seldom used for effect. It is sometimes prescribed in 
capsules with exsiccated ferrous sulphate so as to form fresh fer- 
rous carbonate in the stomach. 

SODII CITRAS.— See Citrates, p. 19. 

SODII CHLORIDUM. Eng., Sodium Chloride. Synonyms, Salt, 
Common Salt. 

Form. — Colorless crystals or white crystalline powder. 
Odor and Taste. — Odorless. Saline taste. 

Solubility. — In 2.8 parts of water. Almost insoluble in alcohol. 
Average Dose. — Emetic, 240 grains (16 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Emetic. An essential agent in metab- 
olism. 

Uses. — A valuable emetic, etc., but seldom a prescription in- 
gredient. 

Administration. — A teaspoonful of table salt is used to each 
glass of lukewarm water, and the patient required to take one 
glass after another until emesis is induced. 



i Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 



302 SODIUM. 

LIQUOR SODJE CHLORINATE.— See Chlorine. 

SODII HYDROXIDUM. Eng., Sodium Hydroxide. Synonym, 
Caustic Soda. 

Form. — Dry, white or nearly white flakes, fused masses or pencils. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless. A caustic taste. 

Solubility. — In about 1 part of water. Very soluble in alcohol. 

Liquor Sodii Hydroxidi. Eng., Solution of Sodium Hydroxide. A 
colorless aqueous solution containing about 5 per cent, of the drug. 

Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Antacid, caustic. 
Uses. — Seldom prescribed. 

SODII HYPOPHOSPHIS.— See Hypophosphites. p. 25. 

SODII IODIDUM.— See Iodides, p. 202. 

SODII NITRAS. Eng., Sodium Nitrate. Synonym, Chili Saltpetre. 
Form. — Colorless crystals. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless. A cooling saline and slightly bitter taste. 
Solubility. — In about 1.1 parts of water or about 100 of alcohol. 
Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 

Sodium Nitrate is contained in the Compound Solution of Sodium 
Phosphate. 

Therapeutic Action. — Diuretic, diaphoretic. 
Uses. — Seldom prescribed. 

SODII NITRIS. Eng., Sodium Nitrite. 

Form. — White or nearly white masses, pencils or colorless crystals. 
Odor and Taste. — Odorless; a mild saline taste. 
Solubility. — In about 1.4 parts of water, slightly soluble in alcohol. 
Incompatibles. — Acetanilide, antipyrine, chlorates, chromates, gold chloride, 
hypophosphites, iodides, mercury salts, permanganates, sulphites, tannic acid. 
Average Dose. — 1 grain (0.065 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Circulatory, depressant. 

Uses. — Used to lower blood-pressure in the treatment of an- 
gina pectoris, chronic nephritis, etc. 

Administration. — The dosage as recommended in many works 
on practice is probably much too high for the average case. It is 
better to begin with a small dose and gradually increase as the 
tolerance of the patient is ascertained. 

Sodium Nitrite is prescribed in solution and should be well di- 
luted before being administered. It is frequently associated with 
Sodium Iodide. 



SODIUM. 303 

In the treatment of hypertension: 
R or 

Sodii Nitritis gr. xvj 1| 

Sodii Iodidi gr. clx 10J 

Aquas q. s. fSiv 120| 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful with water or milk two hours after meals. 

Or: 
B or 

Sodii Nitritis gr. l 3| 

Sodii Iodidi Bj 30 1 

Aquae q. s. f|.ij 60j 

M. 

Sig. — Begin with ten (10) drops as directed. 

SODII PHENOLSULPHONAS.— See Phenol, p. 261. 

SODII PHOSPHAS. Eng., Sodium Phosphate. 

Form. — Large colorless prisms of granular salt. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless. A cooling, saline but disagreeable taste. 

Solubility. — In about 5.5 parts of water. Insoluble in alcohol. 

Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). 

Sodii Phosphas Effervescens. Eng., Effervescent Sodium Phosphate. 
A granular powder containing 20 per cent, of Exsiccated Sodium Phos- 
phate with Citric and Tartaric Acids and Sodium Bicarbonate. 

Average Dose. — 120 grains (8 Gm.). 

Sodii Phosphas Exsiccatus. Eng.. Exsiccated Sodium Phosphate. 
Sodium Phosphate deprived of its water of crystallization. 
Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 

Liquor Sodii Phosphatis Compositus. Eng., Compound Solution of 
Sodium Phosphate. Sodium Phosphate, 1000 Gm.; Sodium Nitrate, 40 
Gm. ; Citric Acid, 130 Gm. ; Distilled Water, to make 1000 Cc. 

Average Dose. — 2 fluidrachms (8 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Hydragogue purgative. 

Uses. — The effervescing salt, particularly, is a popular morn- 
ing laxative. It is also used in conditions characterized by jaundice. 

Administration. — Effervescing Sodium Phosphate is best pre- 
scribed in amounts to correspond to the original bottle, that is, 
2, 4, or 16 ounces. 

Ifc or 

Sodii Phos. Efferves §iv 1201 

Sig. — neaping teaspoonful, in glass of water, on arising. 



304 SODIUM. 

The solution may be ordered as : 

$ or 

Liq. Sodii Phos. Co f^iv 1201 

Sig. — Two (2) teaspoonfuls, with glass of water, on arising. 

SODII PYROPHOSPHAS. Eng., Sodium Pyrophosphate. 
Form. — Colorless prisms or powder. 
Odor and Taste. — Odorless. A cooling, saline taste. 
Solubility. — In about 11.5 parts of water. Insoluble in alcohol. 
Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Purgative. 
Uses. — Seldom prescribed. 

SODII SALICYLAS.— See Salicylates, p. 32. 

SODII SULPHAS. Eng., Sodium Sulphate. Synonym, Glauber's 
Salt. 

Form. — Large, colorless prisms. 
Odor and Taste. — Odorless. A bitter saline taste. 
Solubility. — In 2.8 parts of water. Insoluble in alcohol. 
Average Dose. — 240 grains (16 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Hydragogue purgative. 

Uses. — Sometimes used to produce purgation, particularly 
when it is desired to deplete the body liquid. 

Administration. — It is not often prescribed. The following 
will illustrate its use : 

As a laxative : 
n or 

Sodii Sulphatis 3j 30| 

Potassii Bitartratis 3ij 60 j 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in glass of hot water before breakfast. 

SODII SULPHIS. Eng., Sodium Sulphite. 

Form. — Colorless prisms. 

Odor and Taste.— Odorless. A cooling, saline, sulphurous taste. 

Solubility. — In 2 parts of water; sparingly soluble in alcohol. 

Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Antiseptic. 
Uses. — Seldom prescribed. 

SODII THIOSULPHAS. Eng., Sodium Thiosulphate. Synonyms, 
Sodium Hyposulphite, Hypo. 
Form. — Colorless prisms. 



SPARTEINE SULPHAS. SPIGELIA. SPIRITUS. 305 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless. A cooling, afterward bitter taste. 
Solubility. — In about 0.35 part of water. Insoluble in alcohol. 
Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Antiseptic. 

Uses. — Used externally for eczema, scabies, tinea, and various 
other skin diseases. Seldom given internally. 

Administration. — The following shows how it may be pre- 
scribed. 

In the treatment of tinea versicolor: 

I^i or 

Sodii Thiosulphatis 5iij 12| 

Glycerini f3ij 8| 

Aquae q. s. f 5iv 120 

M. 

Sig. — Apply frequently. 

POTASSII ET SODII TARTRAS.— See Potassium, p. 275. 

SPARTEINE SULPHAS. 

See Scoparius, p. 294. 

SPIGELIA. 

Latin, Spigelia. Eng., Spigelia. Synonym, Pink Root. The 
dried rhizome and roots of Spigelia marilandica. 
Average Dose. — 60 grains (4 Gm.). 

Official Preparation. 

Fluidextractum Spigeliae. Eng., Fluidextract of Spigelia. 
Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Vermifuge. 

Uses. — Has been used for the removal of roundworms, and 
in connection with other measures for pinworms. "Pinkroot and 
Senna" was once a popular remedy for this purpose. Seldom 
prescribed. 

SPIRITUS— Spirit. 

Spirits are alcoholic solutions of volatile substances. Most of 
them contain matter insoluble in water. While there is no uniform 
strength for spirits they are usually about 5 to 10 per cent. The 
following twenty are official : 

1 Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 

20 



306 



SPIRITUS MYRCLE. 



Spir 
Spir 
Spir 
Spir 
Spir 
Spir 
Spir 
Spir 
Spir 
Spir 
Spir 
Spir 
Spir 
Spir 
Spir 
Spir 
Spir 
Spir 
Spir 
Spir 



tus Athens. — See /Ether. 

tus iEtheris Compositus. — See /Ether. 

tus iEtheris Nitrosi. — See /Ether. 

tus Ammoniae. — See Ammonium. 

tus Ammoniae Aromaticus. — See Ammonium. 

tus Amygdalae Amarae. — See Amygdala. 

tus Anisi. — See Anisum. 

tus Aurantii Compositus. — See Aurantium. 

tus Camphorae. — See Camphora. 

tus Chloroformi. — See Chloroformum. 

tus Cinnamomi. — See Cinnamomum. 

tus Frumenti. — See Alcohol. 

tus Gaultheriae. — See Gaultheria. 

tus Glycerylis Nitratis. — See Glycerylis Nitras. 

tus Juniperi. — See Oleum Juniperi. 

tus Juniperi Compositus. — See Oleum Juniperi. 

tus Lavandulae. — See Lavandula. 

tus Menthae Piperitae. — See Mentha Piperita. 

tus Menthae Viridis. — See Mentha Viridis. 

tus Vini Gallici. — See Alcohol. 



SPIRITUS MYRCLffi. 

(Not Official.) 

Latin, Spiritus Myrciae. Eng., Spirit of Myrcia. Synonym, Bay 
Rum. 

A liquid containing the Oils of Myrcia, Orange-peel, and 
Pimenta, in about 65 per cent, alcohol. 

Bay Rum is a pleasant vehicle for external applications and 
represents enough aromatic oils and alcohol to have some thera- 
peutic value. The following will illustrate its use : 

In the treatment of seborrhea : 

Ri or 

Betanaphtholis 3ij 8 

Alcoholis fti'ij 90 

Spir. Myrciie q. s. fSvj 180 

M. 

Sig. — Apply twice daily. 

In the treatment of alopecia : 
R2 or 

Resorcinolis gr. lxxx 510 

Phenolis gr. xx 13 

Spiritus Myrciae q. s. f3iv 120|0 

M. 

Sig. — Apply as directed. 



1 Ohmann-Dumesnil: Diseases of the Skin. 
-Stelwagon: Diseases of the Skin. 



STAPH1SAGRIA. STILLIXGIA. STRAMONIUM. 307 

STAPHISAGRIA. 

Latin, Staphisagria. Eng., Staphisagria. Synonym, Stavesacre. 
The ripe seed of Delphinium staphisagria. 
Average Dose. — 1 grain (0.065 Gm.). 

Official Preparation. 

Fluidextractum Staphisagriae. Eng., Fluidextract of Staphisagria. 
Average Dose. — 1 minim (0.05 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Irritant, antiparasitic, depressant. 
Uses. — Has been used in the treatment of scabies, pediculosis, 
etc. Seldom prescribed. 

STILLINGIA. 

Latin, Stillingia. Eng., Stillingia. Synonym, Queen's Root. The 
dried root of Stillingia sylvatica. 

Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). 

Official Preparation. 

Fluidextractum Stillingias. Eng., Fluidextract of Stillingia. 
Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Has been classed as an alterative. 
Uses. — It is a constituent of many pharmaceutical and pro- 
prietary remedies for syphilis, rheumatism, etc. Seldom pre- 
scribed. 

STRAMONIUM. 

Latin, Stramonium. Eng.. Stramonium. Synonym, Jamestown 
(Jimson) Weed. The dried leaves of Datura stramonium. 
Average Dose. — 1 grain (0.065 Gm.). 

Official Preparations. 

Extractum Stramonii. Eng., Extract of Stramonium. A soft solid 
about five times the strength of the crude drug. 
Average Dose. — % grain (0.010 Gm.). 

Fluidextractum Stramonii. Eng., Fluidextract of Stramonium. 
Average Dose. — 1 minim (0.05 Cc). 

Tinctura Stramonii. Eng., Tincture of Stramonium. Represents 10 
per cent, of the drug. 

Average Dose. — 8 minims (0.5 Cc). 

Unguentum Stramonii. Eng., Stramonium Ointment. Contains 10 
per cent, of the extract. 



308 STRONTIUM. STROPHANTHUS. 

Therapeutic Action. — Antispasmodic, anodyne, mydriatic. 

Uses. — Stramonium is principally used in the treatment of 
asthmatic attacks. 

Administration. — The leaves are generally smoked, alone or 
with other agents. The tincture is sometimes given by mouth, 
but altogether they are not often prescribed. The following 
will illustrate a way of ordering the drug. 

In the form of a cigarette in the treatment of asthma : 

R or 

Stramonii 5j 301 

Sig. — Use as a cigarette when necessary. 

STRONTIUM. 

The metal is not official, but the U. S. P. contains the following 
salts : 

STRONTII BROMIDUM.— See Bromides, p. 94. 
STRONTII IODIDUM.— See Iodides, p. 202. 
STRONTII SALICYLAS.— See Salicylates, p. 32. 

STROPHANTHUS. 

Latin, Strophanthus. Eng., Strophanthus. The ripe seed of 
Strophanthus kombe. 

Average Dose. — 1 grain (0.065 Gin.). 

Official Preparations and Constituents. 

Tinctura Strophanthi. Eng., Tincture of Strophanthus. Represents 
10 per cent, of the drug. 

Average Dose. — 8 minims (0.5 Cc). 

Strophanthinum. Eng., Strophanthin. A glucoside or mixture of 
glucosides obtained from Strophanthus (0.45 to 1 per cent.). 
Form. — A white or faintly yellowish powder. 
Odor and Taste. — Odorless. Intensely bitter taste. 
Solubility. — Very soluble in water ; less soluble in alcohol. 
Average Dose. — %oo grain (0.0003 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Heart tonic and stimulant, vasoconstrictor. 

Uses. — Tincture of Strophanthus and Strophanthin are used 
almost exclusively for heart weakness and irregularity. 

Administration. — The tincture is given by mouth. It is 
usually prescribed alone. Strophanthin is sometimes employed 
hypodennically by the physician, but is seldom a prescription 



STYRAX. SULPHONETHYLMETHANUM. 309 

ingredient. Owing to the high toxicity of these agents, the pa- 
tient should be under the frequent observation of the physician 
during their use. 

STRYCHNINA. 
See Nux Vomica, p. 228. 

STRYCHNINE NITRAS. 

See Nux Vomica, p. 228. 

STRYCHNINJE SULPHAS. 

See Nux Vomica, p. 228. 

STYRAX. 

Latin, Styrax. Eng., Storax. A balsam obtained from the wood 
and inner bark of Liquidambar orientalis. 

A semiliquid, grayish, sticky, opaque mass ; it deposits, on stand- 
ing, a dark-brown stratum, and has an agreeable odor and balsamic 
taste. 

Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Antiseptic, expectorant, carminative. 

Uses. — It is a constituent of some preparations for bronchitis, 
etc., but is seldom a prescription ingredient. 

SULPHONETHYLMETHANUM. 

Latin, Sulphonethylmethanum. Eng., Sulphonethylmethane. 
(Trional). 

Form. — A colorless crystalline powder. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless and almost tasteless. 

Solubility. — In 195 parts of water ; readily soluble in alcohol. 

Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Hypnotic. 

Uses. — Extensively used to induce sleep when the insomnia is 
not the result of pain or discomfort. 

Administration. — This is prescribed alone and usually in 
powder. 

To produce sleep : 

B or 

Sulphonethylmethani 3j 41 

Ft. cht. no. iv. 

Sig. — One at 8 p.m. ; repeat at 10 if necessary. 

If 10 p.m. is the usual time for sleep, one is given two hours before, and 
is repeated soon after 10 if sleepiness has not been induced. 






310 SULPHONMETHANUM. SULPHUR. 

SULPHONMETHANUM. 

Latin, Sulphonmethanum. Eng., Sulphonmethane (Sulphonal). 

Form. — A colorless crystalline powder. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless and nearly tasteless. 

Solubility. — In 360 parts of water or 47 parts of alcohol. 

Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Hypnotic. 

Uses. — Sulphonal is used to induce sleep when the insomnia 
is not the result of pain or discomfort. 

Administration. — This is prescribed alone and usually in 
powder. 

For the relief of insomnia : 

B or 

Sulphonmethani 3j 41 

Ft. cht. no. iv. 

Sig. — One at night if necessary. 

This is usually given about two hours before the time that it is desired 
for the patient to sleep, and may be repeated once, if necessary 

SULPHUR. 

Sulphur is official in three forms. 

SULPHUR SUBLIMATUM. Eng, Sublimed Sulphur. 
Synonyms, Sulphur, Flowers of Sulphur. 

Form. — A fine yellow powder. 

Odor and Taste. — A slight characteristic odor and faintly acid 
taste. 

Solubility. — Insoluble in water or alcohol. 

Average Dose. — 60 grains (4 Gm.). 

Official Preparations. 

SULPHUR LOTUM. Eng., Washed Sulphur. Prepared by washing 
Sublimed Sulphur with ammonia water and water. 
Form. — A fine yellow powder. 
Odor and Taste. — Odorless and tasteless. 
Solubility. — Insoluble in water or alcohol. 
Average Dose. — 60 grains (4 Gm.). 

Unguentum Sulphuris. Eng., Sulphur Ointment. Contains 15 per 
cent, of Washed Sulphur in Benzoinated Lard. 

Washed Sulphur is contained in Compound Powder of Glycyrrhiza. 

SULPHUR PR^CIPITATUM. Eng., Precipitated Sulphur. Made 
by acting upon Sublimed Sulphur with calcium hydroxide, precipitating 
the solution with hydrochloric acid and washng the precipitate. 



SULPHUR. 



311 



Form. — A fine amorphous powder of a pale lemon-yellow color. 
Odor and Taste. — Odorless and tasteless. 
Solubility. — Insoluble in water or alcohol. 
Average Dose. — 60 grains (4 Gm.). 

SULPHURIS IODIDUM. Eng., Sulphur Iodide. An almost insol- 
uble grayish-black solid. 

Therapeutic Action. — Antiseptic, antiparasitic, laxative, dia- 
phoretic. 

Uses. — Internally it is sometimes used as a laxative and as 
an adjuvant to the bismuth treatment of diarrhea and dysentery. 
Externally it is extensively employed in the treatment of para- 
sitic skin diseases, as scabies, tinea, etc. 

Administration. — Owing to its fine state of subdivision, its 
purity and freedom from odor and taste, the Precipitated Sul- 
phur would seem to be the preferable form for medicinal use. 

Internally Sulphur is not often employed by the profession, 
though it is sometimes prescribed either alone or with some other 
agents, as Potassium Bitartrate. 

Externally it is frequently employed in ointments. 

In the treatment of grain-itch : 

3 1 or 

Betanaphtholis gr. xxx 210 

Sulphuris Prsecip gr. xl 2 5 

Adipis Benzoinati q. s. 3j 30 

M. 

Sig. — Apply as directed. 

Used as an antiparasitic : 

R 2 or 

Sulphuris Praecip 3ij 8 

Saponis Mollis 

Olei Cadini aa. 3j 4 

Adipis Benzoinati q. s. §j 30 

M. 

Sig. — Apply as directed. 

Used in the treatment of ringworm of the scalp : 

B 3 or 

Betanaphtholis 3ss 2 

Olei Cadini 3j 4 

Ung. Sulphuris q. s. §j 30 

M. 

Sig. — Apply as directed. 



i Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 
2 Stelvvagon: Diseases of the Skin. 
s Ibid. 



312 . SUMBUL. 

In the treatment of scabies : 

$1 or 

Sulphuris Loti, 
Olei Cadini, 

Cretae Praep aa. '3ij 8| 

Saponis Mollis 3v 19| 

Adipis q. s. Sij 60| 

M. 

Sig. — Rub in thoroughly. 

As an application in pruritic diseases of the skin : 
1*2 or 

Phenolis gr. v 

Sulphuris Prsecip gr. xxx 2 

Camphorse gr. x 

Ung. Zinci Oxidi q. s. Sj 30 

M. 

Sig. — Apply frequently to irritable surface. 



32 
00 
65 
00 



SUMBUL. 

Latin, Sumbul. Eng., Sumbul. Synonym, Musk Root. The 
dried rhizome and root of an undetermined plant. 
Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). 

Official Preparations. 

Extractum Sumbul. Eng., Extract of Sumbul. 
Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). 

Fluidextractum Sumbul. Eng., Fluidextract of Sumbul. 
Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Classed as a stomachic, carminative, 
antispasmodic and nervine. 

Uses. — Employed in the treatment of nervousness, neuras- 
thenia, hysteria, flatulence, etc. 

Administration. — The extract is the preparation usually em- 
ployed. It is given in capsules and generally with other agents. 
In the treatment of palpitation in hysteric subjects: 
$3 or 

Strychninae Sulph gr. Ys |02 

Zinci Valeratis gr. x |65 

Ext. Sumbul gr. x |65 

Ext. Hyoscyami gr. v |32 

M. ft. cap. no. x. 

Sig. — One after each meal. 

1 Ohmann-Dumesnil: Diseases of the Skin. 

2 Shoemaker: Materia Medica and Therapeutics. 

3 Anders: Practice of Medicine. 



SUPPOSITORIA. SYRUPUS. 313 

In the treatment of neurasthenia, hysteria, etc. : 
$i or 

Arseni Trioxidi gr. ss |03 

Asafoetidae Pulv gr. x |65 

Ext. Sumbul, 

Ferri Sulph. Exsic aa. gr. xx 1 130 

M. ft. cap. no. xx. 

Sig. — One after each meal. 

SUPPOSITORIA— Suppository. 

Suppositories are solid bodies intended to be introduced into the 
rectum, vagina, or urethra to produce medicinal action. This is often 
a very convenient and efficient form for administering remedies and, 
with the exception of the official glycerin suppository, they are usu- 
ally better prepared extemporaneously by the pharmacist. 

Oil of Theobroma is the agent usually employed with the 
medicinal substances and the amount of this should be left to the 
discretion of the compounder. The following suppository is official : 

Suppositoria Glycerini. — See Glycerinum. 

SYRUPUS— Syrup. 

Syrups are concentrated solutions of Sugar in water or aqueous 
liquids. They usually do not represent a very high per cent, of 
the active drug. Some are used merely to give a pleasant odor and 
taste to solutions. There are twenty-nine official syrups, as follows : 

Syrupus. — See Saccharum. 

Syrupus Acaciae. — See Acacia. 

Syrupus Acidi Citrici. — See Acidum Citricum. 

Syrupus Acidi Hydriodici. — See Iodum. 

Syrupus Amygdalae. — See Amygdala. 

Syrupus Aurantii. — See Aurantium. 

Syrupus Aurantii Florum. — See Aurantium. 

Syrupus Calcii Lactophosphatis. — See Calcium. 

Syrupus Calcis. — See Calcium. 

Syrupus Ferri Iodidi. — See Ferrum. 

Syrupus Ferri, Quininae et Strychninae Phosphatum. — See Ferrum. 

Syrupus Hypophosphitum.— See Phosphorus. 

Syrupus Hypophosphitum Compositus. — See Phosphorus. 

Syrupus Ipecacuanhas. — See Ipecacuanha. 

Syrupus Krameriae. — See Krameria. 

Syrupus Lactucarii. — See Lactucarium. 

Syrupus Pruni Virginianae. — See Prunus Virginiana. 



i Shoemaker: Materia Medica and Therapeutics. 



314 TABELLA. TALCUM. 

Syrupus Picis Liquidae. — See Pix Liquida. 

Syrupus Rhei. — See Rheum. 

Syrupus Rhei Aromaticus. — See Rheum. 

Syrupus Rosas. — See Rosa. 

Syrupus Rubi. — See Rubus. 

Syrupus Sarsaparillae Compositus. — See Sarsaparilla. 

Syrupus Scillae. — See Scilla. 

Syrupus Scillae Compositus. — See Scilla. 

Syrupus Senegae. — See Senega. 

Syrupus Sennae. — See Senna. 

Syrupus Tolutanus. — See Balsamum Tolutanum. 

Syrupus Zingiberis. — See Zingiber. 

TABELLA— Tablet. 

Tablets are minute, disk-like masses of medicinal powders. 

Tablet Triturates are made by moistening the powder with a volatile 
liquid, as alcohol, and then molding into shape and allowing the liquid 
to evaporate. They are seldom made to contain more than 1 grain of the 
active agent. They will usually disintegrate readily and are a desirable 
form for administering certain drugs. 

Compressed Tablets are made by forcibly compressing the powdered 
substances into the desired shape. They are usually made to contain 
from 1 to 5 grains of the active drug. They are frequently very hard 
and sometimes not readily soluble. 

Coated tablets are usually made by coating compressed tablets with 
sugar, chocolate, etc. 

Hypodermic Tablets are usually made as are tablet triturates. They 
frequently contain in addition some agents that produce chemical action 
when water is added and cause a rapid disintegration of the mass. 

Dispensing tablets are those that contain a comparatively large 
amount of the active drug, as 1 grain of strychnine sulphate. They are 
used by pharmacists and dispensing physicians to avoid the necessity 
of weighing small amounts of potent drugs in filling prescriptions. There 
are no official tablets. 

TALCUM. 

Latin, Talcum (Gen., Talci). Eng., Talc. A native Hydrous 
Magnesium Silicate. 

Official Preparation. 

Talcum Purificatum. Eng., Purified Talc. 
Form. — A white powder. 
Odor and Taste. — Odorless and tasteless. 
Solubility. — Insoluble in water and alcohol. 



TAMARIXDUS. TARAXACUM. TEREBINTHIXA. 315 

It is used as an absorbent and protective and as a diluent for 
more active agents in the treatment of many moist skin affections, 
and for cosmetic purposes. 

The Purified Talcum is the preparation that should be prescribed. 

TAMARINDUS. 

Latin, Tamarindus. Eng., Tamarind. The preserved pulp of the 
fruit Tamarindus indica. 

Average Dose. — 240 grains (16 Gm.). Tamarind is contained in 
Confection of Senna. 

Therapeutic Action. — Laxative, nutrient. 

Uses. — It is a popular domestic remedy, but is seldom prescribed. 

TARAXACUM. 

Latin, Taraxacum. Eng., Taraxacum. Synonym, Dandelion. 
The dried root of Taraxacum officinale. 
Average Dose. — 120 grains (8 Gm.). 

Official Preparations. 

Extractum Taraxaci. Eng., Extract of Taraxacum. 
Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 

Fluidextractum Taraxaci. Eng., Fluidextract of Taraxacum. 
Average Dose. — 2 fluidrachms (8 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Bitter tonic, laxative. 
Uses. — Sometimes used as adjuvant to other tonics or purga- 
tives. Seldom prescribed. 

TEREBINTHINA. 

Latin, Terebinthina. Eng., Turpentine. A concrete oleoresin 
obtained from various species of Pinus. 

Official Constituents and Preparations. 

OLEUM TEREBINTHINA. Eng., Oil of Turpentine. Synonyms, 
Spirit of Turpentine, Turpentine. A volatile oil distilled from 
Turpentine. 

Form. — A thin, colorless liquid. 

Odor and Taste. — A characteristic odor and taste. 

Solubility. — Almost insoluble in water. Soluble in 3 parts of alcohol. 

Oleum Terebinthinae Rectificatum. Eng., Rectified Oil of Turpentine. 

Form, odor, taste, solubility. — See Oleum Terebinthinae. 
Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). 



316 TEREBINTHINA. 

Emulsum Olei Terebinthinae. Eng., Emulsion of Oil of Turpentine. 
Rectified Oil of Turpentine, 15 Cc. ; Expressed Oil of Almond, 5 Cc. ; Syrup, 
25 Cc.; Acacia, 15 Gm.; Water, to 100 Cc. 

Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). 

Linimentum Terebinthinae. Eng., Turpentine Liniment. Rosin 
Cerate, 650 Gm.; Oil of Turpentine, 350 Gm. 

Terebenum. Eng., Terebene. Obtained by the action of concen- 
trated sulphuric acid on Oil of Turpentine. 

Form. — A colorless liquid. 

Odor and Taste. — An agreeable, thyme-like odor, and an aromatic, some- 
what terebinthinate taste. 

Solubility. — Only slightly in water. Soluble in 3 parts alcohol. 

Average Dose. — 8 minims (0.5 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Antiseptic, diuretic, carminative, an- 
thelmintic, rubefacient, counterirritant. 

Uses. — Quite extensively employed by mouth, rectum, or as 
an application for wounds, sprains, rheumatism, intestinal worms, 
tympanites, typhoid fever, chronic nephritis, bronchitis, etc. 

Administration. — Bromine, chlorine and iodine are incompat- 
ible with Oil of Turpentine in concentration, but iodine is some- 
times prescribed with it when the agents are in very dilute form. 

Oil of Turpentine is very irritating to mucous membrane; so 
should always be administered in an emulsion or with some bland oil. 

The Oil is frequently used in "turpentine steeps'' for renal colic, 
gall-stone colic, intestinal distention, dysentery, etc. They are or- 
dered prepared by instructing that a teaspoonful of the oil of turpen- 
tine be used to each bowl of hot water and large folded bath towels 
or pieces of flannel be wrung out of this and applied as hot as the 
patient can tolerate. Fresh application is made about every three 
minutes. 

In typhoid fever, etc. : 

ty or 

Emul. 01. Terebinth f&v 120| 

Sig. — Teaspoonful every four hours. 

In the treatment of acute bronchitis : 

Ri or 

Terebini f3ij 8| 

Creosoti f3ss 2| 

Acacise q. s. 

Aquae Chloroformi q. s. fSiij 90 1 

M. ft. emul. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful with water every four hours. 

i Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 



TERPINI HYDRAS. THYMOL. 317 

TERPINI HYDRAS. 

Latin, Terpini Hydras. Eng., Terpin Hydrate. 

Form. — Colorless prisms. 

Odor and Taste. — Nearly odorless and having a slightly aromatic 
and somewhat bitter taste. 

Solubility. — In 200 parts of water or in 10 parts of alcohol. 

Average Dose. — 2 grains (0.125 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Expectorant, diuretic, antiseptic. 

Uses. — Employed in the treatment of bronchitis, phthisis, 
whooping-cough, etc. ; also for gonorrhea, cystitis, and kindred 
conditions. 

Administration. — Usually prescribed in capsules or in hydro- 
alcoholic solutions such as Aromatic Elixir. 

In the treatment of bronchitis : 
Bi or 

Heroinse Hydrochlor gr. ^4 016 

Ammonii Chloridi, 

Terpini Hydratis aa. 5j 4 000 

Mi ft. cap. no. xx. 

Sig. — One every three hours. Two at night. 

THYMOL. 

Latin, Thymol (Gen., Thymolis). Eng., Thymol. A phenol oc- 
curring in the volatile oil of thyme and in some other volatile oils. 

Form. — Large, colorless prisms. 

Odor and Taste. — An aromatic, thyme-like odor and a pungent, 
aromatic taste, with a very slight caustic effect upon the lips. 

Solubility. — In about 1100 parts of water. Soluble in alcohol, 
oils, etc. 

Incompatibles. — Should not be triturated with acetanilide, anti- 
pyrine, camphor, monobromated camphor, hydrated chloral, menthol, 
phenol, phenyl salicylate, quinine sulphate or prescribed with spirit 
of nitrous ether or gold salts. 

Average Dose. — 2 grains (0.125 Gm.). 

Thymol is contained in Cataplasm of Kaolin and Antiseptic 
Solution. 

Official Salt. 

Thymolis Iodidum. — See Iodum, p. 202. 



i Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 



318 THYMOL. 

Therapeutic Action. — Antiseptic, anthelmintic. 

Uses. — Principally employed for hookworms ; also used in so- 
lution with other agents as a mouth-wash, nasal spray, gargle, 
etc., in the treatment of such conditions as nasal catarrh, stoma- 
titis, pharyngitis and pyorrhoea alveolaris. 

Administration. — While Thymol is a constituent of some oint- 
ments, antiseptic solutions, etc., its more common employment is 
for intestinal parasites, particularly hookworm. For this pur- 
pose it is usually administered in doses of from 30 to 80 grains. 
It may be prescribed in a powdered state suspended in water by 
means of Acacia, but is more commonly administered in capsules, 
either alone or with sugar of milk. When well triturated with 
an inert powder, as sugar of milk, it is supposed to be less irri- 
tating to the gastric mucosa, and less apt to form concretions 
when the gelatin of the capsule is dissolved. 

Not more than 5 grains of the powder should be prescribed to 
the capsule. As the safety of large doses depends on the comparative 
insolubility of the drug in the normal intestinal juices, care should be 
exercised that the patient has and keeps the intestinal tract free from 
alcoholics, oils and fats. 

The drug should be eliminated promptly, as it is slightly soluble 
even in water. A common method of employment is as follows : 

$ or 

Thymolis, 

Sacchari Lactis aa. gr. l 3 

M. ft. cap. no. xx. 

Sig.— Take five (5) at 8, 9, 10, and 11 a.m. 

Written instructions as to diet, purgative, etc., should be given the 
patient. The following would illustrate : — 

Saturday. — Eat or drink only skimmed milk, buttermilk, rice 
broth, gelatin, toast, jelly, baked apples, sherbert, tea, coffee, lemon- 
ade, water. Nothing but water after 6 p.m. No alcoholics, oil or 
grease during the day. 

Sunday. — Take a tablespoonful of Epsom Salts in a glass of hot 
lemonade at 6 a.m. Take five (5) capsules every hour beginning at 
8 a.m. Repeat the salts and lemonade at 1 p.m. 

Take nothing in the way of food or drink but water till 2 p.m. ; 
can then have dry toast, jelly, gelatin, baked apples, sherbert, tea, 
coffee, lemonade, grape-juice, oranges. No alcoholics, oils or grease 
during the day. 

Monday. — Same diet, etc., as Saturday. 



TIXCTURA. 319 

When capsules are inadvisable the following may be used in the 
same way as the prescription just given : 

$ or 

Thymolis gr. L 3| 

Syrupi Acacise q. s. f 5ij 60| 

M. 

Sig. — "Shake." 

Tablespoonful at 8. 9, 10, and 11 a.m. 

The following illustrates a somewhat common employment of 
the drug : 

In the treatment of dermatitis : 

Ri or 

Phenolis Liq f3ss 2|0 

Thymolis • . . . . gr. viij |5 

Glycerini fSss 15|0 

Alcoholis f3j 30J0 

Aquae q. s. f Sviij 240|0 

M. 

Sig. — Apply freely. 

TINCTURA— Tincture. 

Tinctures are alcoholic solutions of non-volatile substances (Tinc- 
ture of Iodine is an exception). They are the most commonly used 
class of preparations. They usually contain tannic acid, so in most 
instances cannot be employed with agents that are incompatible with 
that drug. Those tinctures that contain much resinous matter or 
oils will precipitate with water. Some examples are tinctures of 
ginger, benzoin, guaiac, etc. Tinctures of the more potent drugs 
usually represent 10 per cent, of the crude drug, as tinctures of 
opium, digitalis, aconite, etc. "Where more than a fluidrachm of a 
10 per cent, tincture would have to be taken to get a dose of the 
drug, the tincture is usually made to represent 20 per cent., or more, 
of the agent. 

As to the dosage, the majority of tinctures can be roughly put 
into two groups : those the dose of which is about 10 minims and 
those with fluidrachm doses. 

The following sixty-four tinctures are official : 

Tinctura Aconiti. — See Aconitum. 

Tinctura Aloes. — See Aloe. 

Tinctura Aloes et Myrrhae. — See Aloe. 



1 Stelwagon: Diseases of the Skin. 



320 



TINCTURA. 



Tine 
Tine 
Tine 
Tine 
Tine 
Tine 
Tine 
Tine 
Tine 
Tine 
Tine 
Tine 
Tine 
Tine 
Tine 
Tine 
Tine 
Tine 
Tine 
Tine 
Tine 
Tine 
Tine 
Tine 
Tine 
Tine 
Tine 
Tine 
Tine 
Tine 
Tine 
Tine 
Tine 
Tine 
Tine 
Tine 
Tine 
Tine 
Tine 
Tine 
Tine 
Tine 
Tine 
Tine 
Tine 
Tine 
Tine 
Tine 
Tine 



ura Arnicae. — See Arnica. 

ura Asafcetidae. — See Asofcetida. 

ura Aurantii Amari. — See Aurantium. 

ura Aurantii Dulcis. — See Aurantium. 

ura Belladonnas Foliorum. — See Belladonna. 

ura Benzoini. — See Benzoinum. 

ura Benzoini Composita. — See Benzoinum. 

ura Calendulas. — See Calendula. 

ura Calumbae. — See Calumba. 

ura Cannabis Indicae. — See Cannabis Indica. 

ura Cantharidis. — See Cantharis. 

ura Capsici. — See Capsicum. 

ura Cardamomi. — See Cardamomum. 

ura Cardomomi Composita. — See Cardamomum. 

ura Cimicifugae. — See Cimicifuga. 

ura Cinchonas. — See Cinchona. 

ura Cinchonas Composita. — See Cinchona. 

ura Cinnamoni. — See Cinnamomum. 

ura Colchici Seminis. — See Colchicum. 

ura Digitalis. — See Digitalis. 

ura Ferri Chloridi. — See Ferrum. 

ura Gallas. — See Galla. 

ura Gambir Composita. — See Gambir. 

ura Gelsemii. — See Gelsemium. 

ura Gentianas Composita. — See Gentiana. 

ura Guaiaci. — See Guaiacum. 

ura Guaiaci Ammoniata. — See Guaiacum. 

ura Herbarum Recentium. — Eng., Tincture of Fresh Herbs. 

ura Hydrastis. — See Hydrastis. 

ura Hyoscyami. — See Hyoscyamus. 

ura Iodi. — See Iodum. 

ura Ipecacuanhas et Opii. — See Opium. 

ura Kino. — See Kino. 

ura Kramerias. — See Krameria. 

ura Lactucarii. — See Lactucarium. 

ura Lavandulae Composita. — See Oleum Lavandulae Florum. 

ura Limonis Corticis. — See Limon. 

ura Lobelias. — See Lobelia. 

ura Moschi. — See Moschus. 

ura Myrrhas. — See Myrrha. 

ura Nucis Vomicae. — See Nux Vomica. 

ura Opii. — See Opium. 

ura Opii Camphorata. — See Opium. 

ura Opii Deodorati. — See Opium. 

ura Physostigmatis. — See Physostigma. 

ura Pyrethri. — See Pyrethrum. 

ura Quassias. — See Quassia. 

ura Quillajas. — See Quillaja. 

ura Rhei. — See Rheum. 



TRITICUM. TRITURATIO. TROCHISCUM. 321 

Tinctura Rhei Aromatica. — See Rheum. 

Tinctura Sanguinariae. — See Sanguinaria. 

Tinctura Scillae. — See Scilla. 

Tinctura Serpentariae. — See Serpentaria. 

Tinctura Stramonii. — See Stramonium. 

Tinctura Strophanthi. — See Strophanthus. 

Tinctura Tolutana. — See Balsamum Tolutanum. 

Tinctura Valerianae. — See Valeriana. 

Tinctura Valerianae Ammoniata. — See Valeriana. 

Tinctura Vanillae. — See Vanilla. 

Tinctura Veratri. — See Veratrum. 

Tinctura Zingiberis. — See Zingiber. 

TRITICUM. 

Latin, Triticum. Eng., Triticum. Synonym, Couch-grass. The 
dried rhyzome of Agrophyron rep ens. 
Average Dose. — 120 grains (8 Gm.). 

Official Preparation. 

Fluidextractum Tritici. Eng., Fluidextract of Triticum. 
Average Dose. — 2 fluidrachms (8 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Emollient and demulcent. 
Uses. — Has been recommended in the treatment of chronic 
cystitis, prostatitis, urethritis, etc. Seldom prescribed. 

TRITURATIO— Trituration. 

Triturations are powdered preparations containing 10 per cent, of 
the active drug and 90 per cent, of Sugar of Milk. 
The following trituration is official : 

Trituratio Elaterini. — See Elaterinum. 

TROCHISCUM— Troche. 

Troches or lozenges are solid discoid or cylindrical masses con- 
sisting chiefly of medicinal powders, sugars, and mucilage. They are 
intended to be used by placing them in the mouth and allowing them 
to remain until, through slow solution or disintegration, their pur- 
pose of mild medication is effected. 

They are not often prescribed. The following nine troches are 
official : 

Trochisci Acidi Tannici. — See Acidum Tannicum. 
Trochisci Ammonii Chloridi. — See Ammonium. 

21 



322 ULMUS. UNGUENTUM. 



Trochisci Cubebae. — See Cubeba. 



Trochisc 



Gambir. — See Gambir. 



Trochisci Glycyrrhizae et Opii. — See Opium. 
Trochisci Krameriae. — See Krameria. 
Trochisci Potassii Chloratis. — See Potassium. 
Trochisci Santonini. — See Santonica. 
Trochisci Sodii Bicarbonatis. — See Sodium. 

ULMUS. 

Latin, Ulmus. Eng., Elm. Synonym, Slippery Elm Bark. The 
dried bark of Ulmus fulva. 

Official Preparation. 

Mucilago Ulmi. Eng., Mucilage of Elm. 
Average Dose. — 4 fluidrachms (16 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Demulcent, astringent. 

Uses. — Is sometimes used internally for gastritis, dysentery, 
cystitis, etc., and externally it is a popular household remedy 
in the form of poultices, for deep-seated pain. Seldom 
prescribed. 

UNGUENTUM— Ointment. 

Ointments are fatty, soft-solid preparations intended to be applied 
to the skin by inunction. 

The following twenty-four ointments are official : 

Unguentum. — See Adeps. 

Unguentum Acidi Borici. — See Acidum Boricum. 

Unguentum Acidi Tannici. — See Acidum Tannicum. 

Unguentum Aquae Rosae. — See Rosa. 

Unguentum Belladonnas. — See Belladonna. 

Unguentum Chrysarobini. — See Chrysarobinum. 

Unguentum Diachylon. — See Plumbum. 

Unguentum Gallae. — See Galla. 

Unguentum Hydrargyri. — See Hydrargyrum. 

Unguentum Hydrargyri Ammoniati. — See Hydrargyrum. 

Unguentum Hydrargyri Dilutum. — See Hydrargyrum. 

Unguentum Hydrargyri Nitratis. — See Hydrargyrum. 

Unguentum Hydrargyri Oxidi Flavi. — See Hydrargyrum. 

Unguentum Hydrargyri Oxidi Rubri. — See Hydrargyrum. 

Unguentum Iodi. — See Iodum. 

Unguentum Iodoformi. — See Iodoformum. 

Unguentum Phenolis. — See Phenol. 

Unguentum Picis Liquidae. — See Pix Liquida. 

Unguentum Potassii Iodidi. — See Potassium. 



UVA URSI. VALERIANA. 323 

Unguentum Stramonii. — See Stramonium. 
Unguentum Sulphuris. — See Sulphur. 
Unguentum Veratrinae. — See Veratrum. 
Unguentum Zinci Oxidi. — See Zincum. 
Unguentum Zinci Stearatis. — See Zincum. 

UVA URSI. 

Latin, Uva Ursi. Eng., Uva Ursi. Synonym, Bearberry. The 
dried leaves of Arcto staph <ylos Uva-ursi. 
Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). 

Official Preparation. 

Fluidextractum Uvae Ursi. Eng., Fluidextract of Uva Ursi. 
Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Astringent, diuretic. 
Uses. — Uva Ursi is sometimes used in the treatment of gon- 
orrhea, cystitis, pyelitis, dropsy, etc. Not often prescribed. 

VALERIANA. 

Latin, Valeriana. Eng., Valerian. The rhizome and roots of 
Valeriana officinalis. 

Principal Constituents. — Valeric Acid, Tannic Acid, etc. 
Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). 

Official Preparations. 

Fluidextractum Valerianae. Eng., Fluidextract of Valerian. 
Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). 

Tinctura Valerianae. Eng., Tincture of Valerian. Represents 20 per 
cent, of the drug. 

Average Dose. — 1 fluidrachm (4 Cc). 

Tinctura Valerianae Ammoniata. Eng., Ammoniated Tincture of 
Valerian. Represents 20 per cent, of the drug in aromatic Spirit of 
Ammonia. 

Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Nerve sedative, antispasmodic. 

Uses. — The preparations of Valerian are used in the treat- 
ment of neurasthenia, hysteria, flatulence, incontinence of urine, 
etc. 

Administration. — The odor and taste of the preparation is con- 
sidered very disagreeable by many. The Ammoniated Tincture 
is the preparation most frequently employed. It is prescribed 



324 



OFFICIAL VALERATES. 



120| 



alone or with other agents. The unofficial Extract is sometimes 
used. 

In nervous conditions, as enuresis, etc. : 

R or 

Tinct. Valerianae fSiv 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water after meals. 

In acute indigestion, hysteria, etc. : 

I* or 

Tinct. Valerianae Amnion., 

Spir. yEtheris Co aa. f 5ss 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water every two hours until relieved. 



IS 



In the treatment of chronic heart disease : 

Digitalis Pulv., 

Quininae Hydrochlor aa. gr. xv 

Ext. Valerianae 5j 

M. ft. cap. no. xxx. 

Sig. — One three times a day. 



or 



OFFICIAL VALERATES. 

Incompatibles. — Acids, carbonates, most metallic salts. 

AMMONII VALERAS. Eng., Ammonium Valerate. 

Form. — Colorless or white plates. 

Odor and Taste. — Characteristic odor and sharp, sweetish taste. 

Solubility. — Very soluble in water or alcohol. 

Average Dose. — iy 2 grains (0.500 Gm.). 

ZINCI VALERAS. Eng., Zinc Valerate. 
Form. — White scales. 

Odor and Taste. — Characteristic odor, and a sweetish, astringent and 
metallic taste. 

Solubility. — In about 50 parts of water or 35 parts of alcohol. 
Average Dose. — 2 grains (0.125 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Nerve sedative, antispasmodic. 

Uses. — Employed in the treatment of neurasthenia, hysteria, 
etc. 

Administration. — The official Valerates are not extensively 
used. They are best administered in capsules and are most often 
prescribed with other agents. 



i Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 



VANILLA. VERATRUM. 325 

The unofficial Iron Valerate is sometimes employed. 

The odor and taste are considered very objectionable by some and 
is frequently complained of even when the drugs are administered 
in capsules. 

In the treatment of palpitation in hysteric subjects : 
$i or 

Strychninae Sulph gr. Ys [02 

Zinci Valeratis gr. x 65 

Ext. Sumbul gr. x 65 

Ext. Hyoscyami gr. v 32 

M. ft. cap. no. x. 

Sig. — One after each meal. 

VANILLA. 

Latin, Vanilla. Eng., Vanilla. The cured, full-grown, but im- 
mature fruit of Vanilla planifolia. 

Official Preparation and Constituent. 

Tinctura Vanillae. Eng., Tincture of Vanilla. Represents 10 per cent, 
of the drug. 

Vanillinum. Eng., Vanillin. White crystalline needles — occurs 
naturally in vanilla or made artificially. 

Average Dose. — ]/ 2 grain (0.030 Gm.). 

Vanilla and vanillin are extensively used as flavoring agents, but 
are not often prescription ingredients. 

VERATRUM. 

Latin, Veratrum. Eng., Veratrum. Synonyms, Veratrum Viride, 
American Hellebore, White Hellebore. The dried rhizome and 
roots of Veratrum viride or of V. album. 
Average Dose. — 2 grains (0.125 Gm.). 

Official Preparations and Constituent. 

Fluidextractum Veratri. Eng., Fluidextract of Veratrum. 
Average Dose. — \y 2 minims (0.01 Cc). 

Tinctura Veratri. Eng., Tincture of Veratrum. Represents 10 per 
cent, of the drug. 

Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). 

Veratrina. Eng., Veratrine. An alkaloid found in Veratrum and 
other related plants. 



1 Anders: Practice of Medicine. 



326 VIBURNUM OPULUS. 

Form. — A white or grayish-white powder. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless, but causing intense irritation and sneezing 
when even a minute quantity reaches the nasal mucous membrane. An acrid 
taste, leaving a sensation of tingling and numbness on the tongue. 

Solubility. — In 1750 parts of water or 22 parts of alcohol. 

Average Dose. — Yso grain (0.002 Gm.). 

Oleatum Veratrinae. Eng., Oleate of Veratrine. Veratrine, 2 Gm. ; 
Oleic Acid, 50 Gm.; Olive Oil, to 100 Gm. 

Unguentum Veratrinae. Eng., Ointment of Veratrine. Contains 4 
per cent, of the drug. 

Therapeutic Action. — Circulatory depressant, antipyretic, 
antispasmodic. 

Uses. — Employed in the treatment of eclampsia, and other 
conditions characterized by high blood-pressure. Sometimes 
used in the early stages of acute febrile conditions. 

Administration. — The tincture of veratrum is sometimes given 
by mouth. It is usually prescribed alone. For eclampsia, the 
drug is used by hypodermic injection, either the fluidextract, 
tincture, or alkaloid being employed. 

VIBURNUM OPULUS. 

Latin, Viburnum Opulus. Eng., Viburnum Opulus. Synonym, 
Cramp Bark. The dried bark of Viburnum opulus. 
Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). 

Official Preparation. 

Fluidextractum Viburni Opuli. Eng., Fluidextract of Viburnum 
Opulus. 

Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Nerve sedative, antispasmodic, diuretic. 
Uses. — Employed in the treatment of dysmenorrhea, amenor- 
rhea, threatened abortion, etc. 

Administration. — Probably the most common employment is 
in the form of the Elixir (N. F.), as in the following for dys- 
menorrhea : 

$ or 

Elix. Viburni Opuli fSj 30| 

Sig. — Teaspoonful every hour until relieved. 

The N. F. Elixir is not specified here, as it is not yet regularly 
stocked by the pharmacist, while some good preparation of similar 
character is usually carried. 



VIBURNUM PRUXIFOLIUM. VINUM. 327 

VIBURNUM PRUNIFOLIUM. 

Latin, Viburnum Prunifolium. Eng., Viburnum Prunifolium. 
Synonym, Black Haw. The dried bark of the root of Viburnum 
prunifolium or of V. lentago. 

Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.j. 

Official Preparation. 

Fluidextractum Viburni Prunifolii. Eng., Fluidextract of Viburnum 
Prunifolium. 

Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Nerve Sedative, antispasmodic, diuretic. 

Uses. — Frequently used in the treatment of dysmenorrhea, 
amenorrhea, threatened abortion, etc. 

Administration. — The fluidextract is frequently employed and 
usually alone, as in the following for threatened abortion : 

3 or 

Flext. Viburni Prun f§ij 601 

Sig. — Teaspoon ful three times a day. 

With many patients the fluidextract produces nausea or even 
vomiting, so the Elixir (containing 12.5 per cent.) is often the prep- 
aration of choice or necessity. The following illustrates its use in 
dysmenorrhea : 

3 or 

Elix. Viburni Prun. (N. F.) fSj 30 1 

Sig. — Teaspoonful every hour until relieved. 

Hydrated Chloral, Sodium Bromide or Deodorized Tincture of 
Opium may be added to this prescription. 

VJNUM— Wine. 

The medicated wines are solutions of medicinal substances in 
wine. They are not often prescribed. The following ten wines are 
official : 

Vinum Album. — See Alcohol. 

Vinum Antimonii. — See Antimonii et Potassii Tartras. 

Vinum Cocae.— See Coca. 

Vinum Colchici Seminis. — See Colchicum. 

Vinum Ergotae. — See Ergota. 

Vinum Ferri. — See Ferrum. 

Vinum Ferri Amarum. — See Ferrum. 



328 XANTHOXYLUM. ZEA. ZINCUM. 

Vinum Ipecacuanhas. — See Ipecacuanha. 
Vinum Opii. — See Opium. 
Vinum Rubrum. — See Alcohol. 

XANTHOXYLUM. 

Latin, Xanthoxylum. Eng., Xanthoxylum. Synonym, Prickly 
Ash Bark. The dried bark of Xanthoxylum americanum or of 
F agar a clava-herculis. 

Average Dose. — 30 grains (2 Gm.). 

Official Preparation. 

Fluidextractum Xanthoxyli. Eng., Fluidextract of Xanthoxylum. 
Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). 

Therapeutic Action. — Laxative, diuretic, expectorant. 

Uses. — It is a constituent of many pharmaceutical and pro- 
prietary preparations that are recommended for syphilis, rheu- 
matism, scrofula, etc. Seldom prescribed. 

ZEA. 

Latin, Zea. Eng., Zea. Synonym, Corn Silk. The fresh styles 
and stigmas of Zea mays. 

Therapeutic Action. — Diuretic. 

Uses. — It is a constituent of some popular pharmaceutical 
preparations that are used in the treatment of nephritis, cystitis, 
gonorrhea, etc. Seldom prescribed. 

ZINCUM— Zinc. 

Official Salts and Preparations. 

General Incompatibles of Zinc Salts. — Acacia, alkalies, arsenates, carbo- 
nates, cyanides, phosphates, sulphates, sulphides, lead acetate, lime-water, 
silver nitrate, tannic acid, milk. 

ZINCI ACETAS. Eng., Zinc Acetate. 
Form. — White plates. 

Odor and Taste. — A faintly acetous odor, and in dilute solutions an astrin- 
gent, metallic taste. 

Solubility. — In 2.5 parts of water or 36 parts of alcohol. 
Incompatibles. — See Zincum. 
Average Dose. — 2 grains (0.125 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Astringent, antiseptic. 

Uses. — Its only common use is in the treatment of gonorrhea, 
when it is prepared by prescribing together zinc sulphate and lead 
acetate. 



ZIXCUM. 329 

ZINCI BROMIDUM.— See Bromides, p. 94. 

ZINCI CARBONAS PR^CIPITATUS. Eng., Precipitated Zinc 
Carbonate. 

Form. — A white powder. 
Odor and Taste. — Odorless and tasteless. 
Solubility. — Insoluble in water or alcohol. 
Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Astringent, absorbent, protective. 
Uses. — Sometimes used in the treatment of skin diseases. Not 
often prescribed. 

ZINCI CHLORIDUM. Eng., Zinc Chloride. Formula ZnCl 2 . 

Form. — White or nearly white powder, mass or pencils. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless. The dilute solution has an astringent, metallic 
taste. Tasting is dangerous except when in very dilute solution. 

Solubility. — In 0.4 part of water. Very soluble in alcohol. 

Incompaatibles. — See Zincum. 

Liquor Zinci Chloridi. Eng., Solution of Zinc Chloride. A colorless 
liquid containing about 50 per cent, by weight of the salt. 

Therapeutic Action. — Antiseptic, astringent, escharotic. 
Uses. — Sometimes used in the treatment of cancer, indolent 
ulcers, etc. Not often prescribed. 

ZINCI IODIDUM.— See Iodides, p. 202 
ZINCI OXIDUM. Eng, Zinc Oxide. 
Form. — A white or yellowish-white powder. 
Odor and Taste. — Odorless and tasteless. 
Solubility. — Insoluble in water or alcohol. 
Average Dose. — 4 grains (0.250 Gm.). 

Unguentum Zinci Oxidi. Eng, Ointment of Zinc Oxide. Contains 
20 per cent, of the Zinc Oxide in Benzoinated Lard. 

Therapeutic Action. — Antiseptic, astringent. 

Uses. — Extensively used in dusting powders or ointments in 
the treatment of various skin lesions, as ulcers, eczema, prickly 
heat, herpes, etc. 

Administration. — The following will illustrate the use of the 
drug: 

As a dusting powder in the treatment of hyperidrosis : 
Bi or 



Acidi Salicyl. Pulv gr. xx 1 

Acidi Borici Pulv 3j 4 

Zinci Oxidi Pulv Siij 12 

M. 

Sig. — Apply as directed. 



i Stelwagon: Diseases of the Skin. 



330 



ZIXCUM. 



In the treatment of prickly heat : 

Bi or 

Acidi Borici, 

Talci Pur., 

Zinci Oxidi, 

Amyli aa. 3ij 

M. 

Sig. — Apply freely. 

In the treatment of herpes progenitalis : 
$2 or 

Zinci Oxidi, 

Calaminae Prsep aa. gr. x 

Glycerini, 

Alcoholis aa. Tn_xij 

Aquae q. s. f Si j 

M. 

Sig.— 'Shake." 

Apply freely. 



|65 

I 75 
60|00 



Used in the treatment of the cutaneous lesions of hereditary 
syphilis : 

R3 or 

Hydrargyri Ammoniati gr. xv 1| 

Ung. Zinci Oxidi I] 30 1 

M. 

Sig. — Apply as directed. 



In the treatment of dermatitis : 
m or 

Phenolis gr. xij 

Bismuthi Subnitr 3iss 

Adipis Lanse Hyd., 3ij 

Ung. Zinci Oxidi q. s. 3 j 

M. 

Sig. — Apply locally. 



P 

6|0 

8|0 
3010 



ZINCI PHENOLSULPHONAS.— See Phenol, p. 261. 

ZINCI STEARAS. Eng., Zinc Stearate. 

Form. — A white powder. 

Odor and Taste. — A faint odor resembling that of fat. Tasteless. 

Solubility. — Insoluble in water or alcohol. 



1 Stelwagon: Diseases of the Skin. 

2 Ibid. 

3 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 
4 Ashton: Practice of Gynecology. 



ZINCUM. 



331 



Unguentum Zinci Stearatis. Eng., Ointment of Zinc Stearate. Con- 
tains 50 per cent, of the salt with white Petrolatum. 

Therapeutic Action. — Astringent, absorbent. 

Uses. — Sometimes used in the treatment of various skin 
lesions. It is employed in dusting powders, ointments, and dry- 
ing lotions. 

ZINCI SULPHAS. Eng., Zinc Sulphate. Formula, ZnS0 4 . 

Form. — Colorless crystals or granular powder. 

Odor and Taste. — Odorless, and an astringent, metallic taste. 

Solubility. — In 0.53 part of water. Insoluble in alcohol. 

Incompatibles. — See Zincum. 

Average Dose. — Emetic, 15 grains (1 Gm.). 

Therapeutic Action. — Astringent, styptic, antiseptic, emetic. 

Uses. — Sometimes used in the treatment of conjunctivitis, 
gonorrhea, vaginitis, etc. 

Administration. — The following will show how the drug may 
be prescribed : 

In the treatment of gonorrhea : 

Ri or 

Zinci Sulphatis gr. xv 1 [0 

Plumbi Acetatis gr. xx 1 13 

Tincturse Opii, 

Tincturse Catechu aa. f 3ij 8|0 

Aquae q. s. f Svj 180[0 

M. 

Sig.— "Shake." 

Inject after urination. 



ZINCI VALERAS.— See Valerates, p. 324. 

The unofficial Phosphide is sometimes employed. It is always given in 
capsules. 

In the treatment of herpes zoster : 



1*2 

Zinci Phosphidi, 

Ext. Nucis Vomicae aa. gr. x 

M. ft. cap. no. xxx. 

Sig. — One every three hours. 



or 



65 



1 White and Martin: Genito-urinary and Venereal Diseases. 
- Hughes: Practice of Medicine. 



332 ZINGIBER. 

ZINGIBER. 

Latin, Zingiber. Eng., Ginger. The dried rhizome of Zingiber 
officinalis. 

Principal Constituents. — Volatile Oil (^4 to 2 per cent.), resin, 
gingerol. 

Average Dose. — 15 grains (1 Gm.). 

Official Preparations. 

Fluidextractum Zingiberis. Eng., Fluidextract of Ginger. 

Average Dose. — 15 minims (1 Cc). 

Oleoresina Zingiberis. Eng., Oleoresin of Ginger. 

Average Dose. — y 2 grain (0.030 Gm.). 

Syrupus Zingiberis. Eng., Syrup of Ginger. Represents 3 per cent, 
of the drug. 

Average Dose. — 4 fluidrachms (16 Cc). 

Tinctura Zingiberis. Eng., Tincture of Ginger. Represents 20 per 
cent, of the drug in alcohol. 

Average Dose. — 30 minims (2 Cc). 

Tincture of Ginger is contained in Aromatic Sulphuric Acid. 

Therapeutic Action. — Stomachic, carminative, anodyne. 

Uses. — The preparations of ginger are used in the treatment 
of acute indigestion, flatulence, intestinal cramps, dysmenorrhea, 
etc. 

Administration. — The following will illustrate the use of the 
drug: 

In the treatment of stomatitis : 

Bi or 

Potassii Chloratis gr. xxiv 1|5 

Tinct. Ferri Chlor tt\,xxxvj 215 

Syr. Zingiberis f3ss 15(0 

Aqua q. s. f&ij 90|0 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoon ful in water every two hours. 

In the treatment of flatulence, hysteria, etc. : 
IP or 

Sodii Bicarbonatis gr. xl 3\ 

Spir. Ammoniae Arom., 

Tinct. Zingiberis aa. fBss 15| 

Spir. ^Etheris Comp q. s. fsij 60j 

M. 

Sig. — Two (2) teaspoon fuls in water. Repeat when necessary. 



i Ruhrah: Diseases of Children. 

2 Shoemaker: Materia Medica and Therapeutics. 



ZINGIBER. 333 

As a flavor, etc., in a prescription for mixed treatment for 
infantile syphilis : 

I*i or 

Hydrarg. Chlor. Corros gr. j [065 

Potassii Iodidi 3ij 8|000 

Syr. Zingiberis fSj 30|000 

Aquas q. s. f&j 60|000 

M. 

Sig. — Five (5) drops in milk three times a day. 



1 Musser and Kelly: Practical Treatment. 



INTRODUCTION TO PART II. 



Prescribing is the final expression of a physician's effort in the 
treatment of disease. Without the ability to intelligently prescribe, 
pathology, diagnosis, therapeutics, and all else in practice is almost 
useless. Imagine a capitalist with a fortune in the bank, but unable 
to write a check; a singer with an exhaustless knowledge of music, 
but who cannot control the vocal cords, or a sharpshooter who cannot 
pull the trigger of his rifle, and a picture is obtained of the practi- 
tioner who cannot prescribe. 

Suppose an expert accountant locates in a city and sends this note 
to Mr. Smith : 

John Smit, 

Crescent City, Pelican State. 
dear Sir : 

Give this slave 5 slugs. 
J. W. 

Would not the recipient reason that courtesy demanded for him 
the title of Mr., that the writer should go to the trouble to spell his 
name correctly, that Crescent City, and Pelican State were not the 
proper names for his town and State, that capitals should be properly 
used, that the writer should know that slaves are things of the past, 
that slugs is not the proper name for dollars, and that an order should 
be better signed? Mr. Smith would hardly employ that accountant 
should he later need the services of one. Yet prescriptions, open to 
all these and many more criticisms, are daily sent to our drug-stores 
and sent by our otherwise able physicians. 

The prescription is often the only written evidence of the physi- 
cian's ability. It should not only be excellent, but it should represent 
the acme of perfection. 

Many of the ideas expressed here are at variance with those of 
other writers. The only apology offered is the author's conception 
of the demands of present conditions, based on many years of prac- 
tical experience behind the prescription case and in the laboratory. 



(335) 



PART II. 
Prescription Writing. 



METROLOGY. 

Metrology is the science of measure. The term was originally 
used to express the measure of distance, but now is understood to 
include measures of quantity also. 

Weight is the sum of the attraction of gravity existing between 
the earth and a body on its surface. 

The origin of standards for weights and measures is an interest- 
ing study. Josephus states that Cain after leaving the neighborhood 
of Eden invented means for weighing and measuring. It might also 
be believed that these were also the first crooked weights and 
measures. 

The origin of some of the familiar units seems decidedly crude. 
The grain from a grain of wheat; the foot from the length of the 
pedal extremity; the cubit, the distance from the elbow to the tip of 
the fingers ; the hand, the distance from the tip of the abducted thumb 
to the edge of the ulna side of the hand; the span, the distance be- 
tween the tips of the little finger and the thumb when separated as 
widely as possible. 

There are now in use in the United States several standards with 
which the physician and pharmacist must be familiar. It should be 
one of the duties of every member of both professions to lend his 
influence toward the much desired end, that the metric system alone 
be used by the entire world. 

Table of Avoirdupois Weights. 

437.5 grains (gr.) = 1 ounce (oz.) 

16 oz. = 1 pound (lb) 

100 lbs. = 1 hundredweight (cwt.) 

20 cwt. = 1 ton 

This table is never used in prescribing. 

These are the weights that are used almost exclusively in buying 
and selling all solid and many liquid drugs. A physician who 
orders a "pound" gets an Avoirdupois pound, or 7000 grains. 

22 (337) 



338 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 

If he orders an "oz." he receives an Avoirdupois ounce of 437.5 
grains, as "oz." stands for the Avoirdupois ounce only. Potent 
drugs, as strychnine, morphine, etc., are usually handled in ^-oz. 
bottles. It should be remembered that these do not contain ]/% of an 
Apothecaries' ounce, or 60 grains, but y% of an Avoirdupois ounce, 
or about 54.7 grains. 

Table of Apothecaries' (or Troy) Weights. 

20 grains (gr.) = 1 scruple (9) 

3 scruples = 1 drachm (3) 

8 drachms = 1 ounce (5) 

12 ounces = 1 pound (lb) 

It should be remembered that the grain here is the same as the 
Avoirdupois grain. 

The ounce contains 480 grains as against 437.5 of the 
Avoirdupois. 

The pound contains 12 ounces of 480 grains, or 5760 grains in- 
stead of the Avoirdupois pound of 16 oz. of 437.5 grains each, or 
7000 grains. 

Of this table only the grains, drachms, and ounces should be used 
in prescription writing. The scruple is still sometimes employed, but 
its use should be discouraged, as it is altogether unnecessary, and 
the character when carelessly made or blurred is too easily mistaken 
for the character for the drachm. 

Table of Apothecaries' (or Wine) Measure. 

60 minims (itl) =1 flui drachm (f3) 

8 fiuidrachms = 1 fluidounce (fS) 

16 fluidounces = 1 pint (O) 

8 pints = 1 gallon (Cong.) 

Some points to remember are : 

The character 5 represents 60 grains, while f5 represents 60 
minims. § represents 480 grains only, while f^ is necessary to ex- 
press 480 minims. 

A minim is not the equivalent of a grain. 480 minims (1 f§) of 
water weighed at the standard temperature 25° C. {77 Q F.) weighs 
454.6 grains. This should be remembered for percentage solutions. 

Specific gravities of liquids vary; a pint of a liquid is not neces- 
sarily a pound. 



METROLOGY. 339 

Two pints make 1 quart and 4 quarts make 1 gallon, but the em- 
ployment of the quart is hardly considered good form in medicine 
and pharmacy. 

In prescriptions where Apothecaries' weights and measures are 
employed, quantities are expressed in Roman numerals. In printed 
matter the small letters are used, while in writing it is necessary to 
sacrifice grammatical exactness on the altar of caution to the extent 
of using a capital L as the small letter might be too easily mistaken 
for an i. It is customary to make the letters harmonize in size, as : 



cDc XLV// 



'J 



It is also customary to draw a line over the letter or group of 
letters expressing the quantity, and the greatest care should be used 
in printing them. The numerals i and j should be dotted, but under 
no circumstances should the others be dotted, as in a hastily written 
or blurred prescription the pharmacist often depends on the dots to 
differentiate an indistinct i from an / or a comma or period, or a j 
from an imperfectly formed v, as in the following : 



They should also not be written together as : 



Approximate Measures. 



1 teaspoonful 


= 1 f3 


1 dessertspoonful 


= 2 f3 


1 tablespoonful 


= 4 f3 


1 wineglass ful 


= 2 fg 


1 cupful 


= 4 fS 


1 glassful 


= 8 il 



It should be remembered that these equivalents are far from cor- 
rect. It is not unusual to see teaspoonfuls measured that really 
amount to anywhere from 30 to 120 minims. It is always the better 
policy to have a family use a graduated glass, which will either be 
supplied free by the pharmacist as an advertisement or can be pur- 
chased at a nominal price. 



340 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 

When regular spoons, glasses, etc., are used, the physician on his 
first visit should select the ones that are best suited and have them set 
aside for the particular use. 

The so-called ''glassful" varies from 6 to 14 ounces. There may 
be much difference between a tablespoonful of brandy and one of 
codliver oil, or a glassful of purgative water and one of beer. With 
the expenditure of a small amount of effort any prescriber can so 
familiarize himself with spoons and glasses as to readily estimate 
their capacity. 

METRIC SYSTEM. 

The Metric system of weights and measures is a decimal system 
and possesses as many or more advantages over the common standard 
as does our money system over that of Great Britain. A great ad- 
vance will have been made when it is established as the only system 
for this country as it now is for many others. 

The idea of the Metric system seems to have originated with the 
statesman, Tally rand of France, about the year 1790. A committee 
of scientists appointed to select a definite unit decided upon %ooooooo 
of the earth's circumference around the poles or, as it is often re- 
ferred to, /4ooooooo of a quadrant of the earth's meridian, which is 
the distance from the equator to the pole. This unit was called a 
Meter and measures about 39.37 inches. 

It is now claimed that the scientists in calculating this distance 
made a slight error, but their standard has remained unchanged. 
Bars of metal measuring a Meter so constructed as to be the least 
affected by temperature were made and sent to other civilized nations. 

Metric weights and measures were made legal in France in 1801 
and were made compulsory in 1840. They were made legal, but not 
compulsory in England in 1864 and in the United States in 1866. 

In the present state of things it is not recommended that any but 
the exceptional use be made of the Metric quantities in writing pre- 
scriptions. All drug-stores are equipped with Apothecaries' weights 
and measures, while many do not have the Metric; and where the 
pharmacist has to transpose the quantities and fill the Metric pre- 
scription by the Apothecaries' table, there is too great a possibility 
for error. The druggist with few exceptions has learned dosage in 
the old quantities and is more apt to let an error slip through in 
checking up a Metric prescription. The compounder may from a 
lack of familiarity be more apt to make an error in selecting a weight. 
If he should through error select a drachm instead of a scruple 



METRIC SYSTEM. 341 

weight for — say calomel — having the scruple weight and the cor- 
responding quantity of calomel in mind, instinct would tell him the 
quantity weighed was too much. This would only obtain in the use 
of standards with which he was intensely familiar. Some of these 
reasons may seem far-fetched, but almost any pharmacist of general 
experience will be reminded of many incidents in his past. The 
Metric system should be made compulsory by the federal govern- 
ment, but until that time, and paving the way for that event, it should 
be thoroughly taught in not only the professional but all schools. It 
might be practicable for the medical and pharmaceutical societies to 
arrange for the exclusive adoption (after a reasonable interval) of 
the system by both professions. 

The unit of the Metric system is the Meter — 39.37 inches, or 
about three feet three inches and three-eights of an inch. 

The unit of the measure of bulk is the Liter. A vessel that is 
one-tenth of a Meter (a decimeter) in each of its dimensions will 
hold a Liter. 

The unit of weight is the Gramme, which is the weight of one 
cubic centimeter (the cube of one-hundredth of a Meter) of water at 
4° Centigrade (39.2° R). 

Greater or less quantities are designated by adding prefixes to 
the particular unit. These prefixes are either Latin or Greek words 
for 10. 100. 1000, and 10.000. The Latin prefixes are: deci (ten), 
centi (hundred), and milli (thousand). The Greek prefixes are: 
Deka (ten), Hecto (hundred), Kilo (thousand), and Myria i ten 
thousand ). 

The Latin prefix to a unit means that the unit is divided by that 
amount, as decimeter means %o of a Meter, centigramme means 
%oo oi a Gramme. The Greek prefix to a unit means that the unit 
is multiplied by that amount, as Dekameter for ten Meters or a 
Hectogramme for a hundred Grammes. 

To aid the student in remembering which prefix increases and 
which decreases, the word "gild " has been suggested as follows : 

GILD 
Greek increases Latin decreases. 

As a precaution against mistakes the Latin prefixes are written 
with a small letter and the Greek with a capital, as deci and Deka. 

Changes in the spelling of the original languages have been made 
where it was thought advisable, as changing the original Greek Deca 
to Deka to prevent its being mistaken for the Latin deci. 



342 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 

The correct pronunciation of these words should be remembered. 
Meter is pronounced Me-ter, the me having the same sound as the 
personal pronoun me. Liter is pronounced Le-ter, the le having 
the same accent as the me in meter. Gramme is pronounced Gram, 
having the same accent as dram, sham, etc. Centi is pronounced 
Scn-ti. 

In this country the simplest English pronunciation is employed. 
The most frequent errors are made in using the words Meter, Liter, 
Gramme, and Centi. 

Only a few of the many Metric terms are commonly used. In 
measures of distance the Kilometer (about % of a mile), the Meter 
(a little more than a yard), the centimeter (about % of an inch) and 
the millimeter (about % 5 inch). 

In weights the Kilogramme is used in commerce and is usually 
simply referred to as a Kilo. The Gramme and fractions of a 
Gramme and the milligramme are employed. 

In measures of quantity the Liter and the cubic centimeter and 
the fractions of them are used. 

In reading in our money system an item like $25.75 we would not 
say two eagles, five dollars, seven dimes and five cents, but twenty- 
five and three-fourths dollars or twenty-five dollars and seventy-five 
cents. So in the Metric system in reading — say, 25.75 Grammes — 
we would say twenty-five and three-fourths Grammes, or twenty-five 
and seventy-five hundredths Grammes, or twenty-five Grammes and 
seventy-five centigrammes. 

In prescription writing we use only two units — Grammes and 
cubic centimeters, abbreviated Gm. and Cc. 

If the quantity is in cubic centimeters it is read as cubic centi- 
meters and fractions of a cubic centimeter. 

If a part of a Gramme is not read as a fraction it is read in round 
numbers of the smallest denomination that applies, — as 0.375 
Gramme may be read as three hundred and seventy-five milli- 
grammes. 

A bookkeeper in entering a charge does not use the dollar mark 
or write the word dollar or cents, but all on the left-hand side of a 
certain line or decimal point is understood to be dollars and all 
on the right-hand side to be fractions of a dollar. 

In writing a prescription it is not customary to write the words 
Gramme or cubic centimeter or their abbreviations, but as these are 
the only units used, if the drug is a solid the figures are understood 
to be for Grammes and fractions of a Gramme, unless specified to 



METRIC SYSTEM. 343 

the contrary, and if the drug is liquid the figures stand for cubic 
centimeters and fractions of a cubic centimeter unless otherwise 
specified. Arabic numerals are used. 

It is certainly desirable that all prescription blanks for Metric 
prescriptions have a line near the right-hand margin for use instead 
of the prescriber having to employ decimal points which are so fre- 
quently not in line, vertically, and if imperfectly made may be mis- 
taken or may be obliterated by the wear and tear of being carried in 
the pocket or being handled on the files of the druggist. The fol- 
lowing illustrates the Metric inscription : 

Sodii Bromidi 5 1 

Elix. Aromatici q. s. 301 

This would represent 5 grammes of sodium bromide and 30 
cubic centimeters of aromatic elixir. 

It is not written 

Sodii Bromidi Gm. 5 

Elix. Aromatici Cc. 30 

Or: 

Gm. or Cc. 

Sodii Bromidi 5 

Elix. Aromatici 30 

Or: 

Sodii Bromidi v 

Elix. Aromatici xxx 

Or: 

Sodii Bromidi 5. 

Elix. Aromatici 30. 

If for any reason it is desired to have the liquid by weight or 
the solid by measure, then specify, as 



Acidi Hydrochlorici Gm. 10 

Aquae Gm. 21 



00 
19 



The prescriber can almost without exception follow the regular 
custom by taking into consideration the specific gravity and pre- 
scribing more or less bulk should he think a definite weight of a 
liquid necessary, for example : should he wish about 30 Gm. of 
glycerin he can prescribe 24 Cc, which, instead of 

Glycerini Gm. 30j 

would be written 

Glycerini 241 



344 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 

There seems to be no fixed rule as to the use of ciphers on the 
right of the decimal line. The custom of bookkeepers in making out 
statements, etc., is a good one for the sake of appearance. Where 
fractions occur in one or more items the ciphers are used for the 
others, as 

Hydrarg. Chlor. Mitis [25 

Sacchari Lactis 1 00 



Or: 

Strychninae Sulph 

Arseni Trioxidi 

Ferri Reducti 4 

Quininse Sulph 4 



065 
065 
000 
000 



It should be particularly noted that Arabic numerals are used. 
The Roman numerals are never employed in a Metric inscription. 

MEDICAL LATIN. 

The use of the Latin names of drugs in prescription writing seems 
to be still far from universal adoption. Some teachers, even in the 
larger medical colleges, openly advise against it. Some of the older 
practitioners claim that they have not time to learn it, but the general 
trend is certainly toward its general employment, at least by the bet- 
ter element of the profession — the ones who are ''Coming" and the 
ones who are "Here." The first reasonable argument against it has 
not yet been advanced, while those in favor are many. It has been 
urged that Latin is the universal language of science, that being a 
dead language it cannot be changed, that it is often inadvisable for 
the patient to know what he is using, as the psychic effect may be 
lost or self-medication encouraged. Many other good reasons have 
been advanced, but the following facts seem sufficient in themselves : 

The United States Pharmacopoeia has been adopted by the medi- 
cal and pharmaceutical professions and by the national and several 
State governments. It contains the vast majority of important drugs. 
Among the other standards fixed by the Pharmacopoeia for these 
drugs is a name known as the official title. This name is in Latin. 
Besides the Latin name each drug has an English name, usually one 
or more synonyms, and, in the case of chemicals, often a special 
chemical name. 

A prescriber should confine himself to one class of names, as a 
mixture of two or more is manifestly unreasonable. 



MEDICAL LATIN. 345 

Many prescribers use the Latin names exclusively, while no op- 
ponent of Latin confines himself entirely to any one class, but always 
employs a mixture. It is certain that any prescriber, however 
ignorant of Latin, if he had to confine himself to either the Latin or 
English names, would find the Latin more convenient. 

Take, for example, Belladonna Leaves : 

Latin name, Belladonna Folia. 
English name, Belladonna Leaves. 
Synonym, Deadly Nightshade Leaves. 

In prescribing the tincture the Latin official name would be 
written 

Tincturae Belladonna? Foliorum ; 

Or, abbreviated, 

Tinct. Belladon. Fol. 

The English should be 

Tincture of Belladonna Leaves ; 

Or, abbreviated correctly, 
Tinct. of Belladon. Leaves. 

Who writes it in that way ? The synonym would be Tincture of 
Deadly Nightshade Leaves, and abbreviation is left to the fancy of 
the Latin opponent. 

An example of another type : In prescribing the common arsenic 
solution we would write the Latin name 

Liquoris Potassii Arsenitis ; 

Or, abbreviated, 

Liq. Potas. Arsenitis. 

The English would be 

Solution of Potassium Arsenite'; 

Or, correctly abbreviated, 
Sol. of Potas. Arsenite. 

The synonym, 

Fowler's Solution. 

It is hardly possible that an intelligent prescriber would any more 
desire to confine himself to synonyms for drugs than he would for 
places and give his address as "Crescent City," "Pelican State." 



346 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 

They are too often crude, inexpressive, indefinite, and too little 
known. In the matter of correct English names let the reader who 
thinks himself familiar with them write down the exact, correct 
English names for the following, then refer to his United States 
Pharmacopoeia : Salol, Blaud's Pills, Pills of Aloin, Strychnine, 
Bellodanna and Ipecac, Seidlitz Powder, Green Soap, Sulphocarbo- 
late of Soda, Syrup of the Iodide of Iron, Syrup of Hypophosphites 
Compound, Tincture Cannabis Indicse, Tinct. Opii Deodorati. 

The reader may have approximated the English names, but were 
they correct, letter for letter, or even the parts in the right order? 
Tinct. Opium Camph. is not a correct abbreviation of the English 
name. It should be Camph. Tinct. of Opium. Syr. Hypophos. Co. 
is not the correct English abbreviation. It should be Co. Syr. Hypo- 
phos. Use either Latin or English correctly. It is usually inex- 
cusable to mix them. 

While a thorough knowledge of Latin is certainly desirable, it is 
not essential to correct prescription writing. The average Latin 
scholar, in taking up the study of this subject, has almost as much 
to learn as the one less fortunate. He should grasp it, however, 
with greater facility. 

Leaving out the matter of declension and all else not absolutely 
necessary, the effort is made to give the reader all the essentials in a 
few paragraphs arranged on the supposition that he has no knowl- 
edge whatever of Latin. 

All official Latin names are in the nominative case. The names 
of the drugs in a prescription are in the genitive case, as the pre- 
scription really is an order to the druggist; therefore, the following, 

Quininae Sulphatis 3j 

Ft. cap. no. xij. 

would read : 

"Take thou 

Of the Sulphate of Quinine, one drachm. 

Make twelve capsules." 

In Latin the word of is not written, but the termination of the 
word to which it belongs is arranged to express it, as Quinine means 
quinine while quinince means of quinine. 

The whole matter then resolves itself into knowing the Latin 
official names of drugs and knowing the change of termination that 
is necessary when ordering in a prescription. 



MEDICAL LATIN. 347 

Rules, Groups, and Exceptions. 

Xouns that in the nominative end in a will in the genitive usually 
end in ce, as Ouinina (nom.), Quininse (gen.). 

There are very few exceptions of interest to the prescriber. 

Nouns that in the nominative end in us, um, or on, will in the 
genitive usually end in i, as Syrupus (nom.), Syrupi (gen.) ; Aconi- 
tum (nom.), Aconiti (gen.) ; Erythroxylon (nom.), Erythroxyli 
(gen.). 

Nouns that in the nominative end in / in the genitive usually add 
is, as Menthol (nom.), Mentholis (gen.). 

Some add lis, as Mel (nom.), Mellis (gen.). 

Nouns that in the nominative end in x in the genitive end in cis, 
as Nux (nom.), Nucis (gen.). 

Nouns that in the nominative end in go in the genitive usually 
change the o to inis, as Mucilago (nom.), Mucilaginis (gen.). 

Other nouns with a nominative ending in o in the genitive add 
nis, as Carbo (nom.), Carbonis (gen.) ; Sapo (nom.), Saponis 
(gen.) ; Decoctio (nom.), Decoctionis (gen.). 

Nouns with the nominative ending in as in the genitive usually 
change the as to atis, as Phosphas (nom.), Phosphatis (gen.). 

Some nouns with the nominative ending is in the genitive change 
the is to itis, as Phosphis (nom.), Phosphitis (gen.). 

Others change the is to idis, as Cantharis (nom.), Cantharidis 
(gen.). 

Others do not change in the genitive, as Digitalis (nom.), Digi- 
talis (gen.). 

Nouns with the nominative ending ma in the genitive add tis, as 
Physostigma (nom.), Physostigmatis (gen.). 

Some nouns are indeclinable, as Buchu (nom.), Buchu (gen.). 

The following group represents the vast majority of the needs of 
the prescriber : 

All metals have the nominative ending um and the genitive i, as 
Ferrum (nom.), Ferri (gen.). 

All alkaloids have the nominative ending a and the genitive <e, as 
Morphina (nom.), Morphinae (gen.). 

All glucosides and neutral principals have the nominative ending 
um and the genitive i, as Salicinum (nom.), Salicini (gen.). 

All parts of all names of acids have the nominative ending um 
and the genitive i, as Acidum Hydrochloricum Dilutum (nom.), 



348 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 

Acidi Hydrochlorici Diluti (gen.). The exception is the word 
Glaciate in Aciduin Aceticum Glaciale. 

In binary salts and the salts of hydric acids the names of the 
radicals have the nominative ending um and the genitive i, as 
Quininse Hydrobromidum (nom.), Quinine Hydrobromidi (gen.) ; 
Sodii Chloridum (nom.), Sodii Chloridi (gen.) ; Potassii Iodidum 
(nom.), Potassii Iodidi (gen.). 

In the names of salts of the higher oxy acids the radical has the 
nominative ending as and the genitive atis, as Sodii Sulphas (nom.), 
Sodii Sulphatis (gen.). 

In the names of the salts of the lower oxy acids the radical has 
the nominative ending is and the genitive itis, as Sodii Sulphis 
(nom.), Sodii Sulphitis (gen.). 

Some exceptions to the rules given for forming the genitive, that 
are of interest to the prescriber, are : 

Nom. Gen. 

Aloe Aloes 

Catechu Catechu 

Folia Foliorum 

Fructus Fructus 

Indigo Indigo 

Kino Kino 

Rhus Rhois 

Sassafras Sassafras 

Sumbul Sumbul 

The names of the following classes of preparations have the 
nominative a and the genitive cc: 

Gen. 

Aquae 
Massae 
Misturse 
Oleoresinse 
Resinae 
Suppositoria (suppository) Suppositoriae 

Tinctura (tincture) Tincturse 

The following have the nominative ending um and the genitive i: 

Gen. 

Aceti 
Balsami 
Cerati 
Collodii 
Emplastrum (plaster) Emplastri 



Nom. 


Eng. 


Aqua 


(water) 


Massa 


(mass) 


Mistura 


(mixture) 


Oleoresina 


(oleoresin) 


Resina 


(resin) 



Xom. 


Eng. 


Acetum 


(vinegar) 


Balsamum 


(balsam) 


Ceratum 


(cerate) 


Collodium 


(collodion) 



MEDICAL LATIN. 349 

Nom. Eng. Gen. 

Emulsum (emulsion) Emulsi 

Extractum (extract) Extracti 

Fluidextractum (fluidextract) Fluidextracti 

Glyceriti 
Infusi 
Linimenti 
Oleati 
Old 

Unguenti 
Vini 



Glyceritum (glycerite) 


Infusum 


(infusion) 


Linimentum (liniment) 


Oleatum 


(oleate) 


Oleum 


(oil) 


Unguentum (ointment) 


Vinum 


(wine) 


: following have the non: 


Nom. 


Eng. 


Confectio 


(confection) 


Mucilago 


(mucilage) 


Elixir 


(elixir) 


Liquor 


(solution) 


Mel 


(honey) 


Pilulae 


(pills) 


Pulvis 


(powder) 


Spiritus 


(spirit) 


Syrupus 


(syrup) 



Gen. 

Confectionis 
Mucilaginis 
Elixiris 
Liquoris 
Mellis 
Pilularum 
Pulveris 
Spiritus 
Syrupi 
Trochisci (troches) Trochiscorum 

The adjective agrees with the noun it modifies in number, gender, 
and case, as Compound Tincture of Cinchona — Tinctura Cinchonae 
Composita. Compound Syrup of Squills — Syrupus Scillse Com- 
positus. Tincture of Deodorized Opium — Tinctura Opii Deodorati. 

Construction of Official Names. 

In the names of salts the first word is the name of the base, next 
the acid radical, next the qualifying adjective if there is one, as : 

Ferri Sulphas Exsiccatus 

(base) (acid radical) (adjective) 

This would, read: (The) exsiccated sulphate of iron; so ex- 
siccated and sulphate are in the nominative, while of iron is expressed 
by using the genitive ending. Therefore : The official name of a 
salt has first the name of the base, which is in the genitive ; next the 
acid radical in the nominative; next the qualifying adjective, if there 
is one, in the nominative. 

In the names of compounds of drugs the class to which it belongs 
comes first, as tinctura, syrupus, etc. The name of the particular 
ingredient comes next, as Squill in Syrupus Scillse. The qualifying 



350 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 

adjective, if there is one, comes last, as compound in the Compound 
Syrup of Squills, Syrupus Scillae Compositus. 

The above would read compound syrup of squills; so compound 
and syrup are in the nominative case, while of squills is expressed by 
the genitive, Scillae. Therefore : 

In the official names of compounds the name of the class is first 
and in the nominative case; next is the name of the particular drug 
and it is in the genitive ; next is the qualifying adjective, which agrees 
in number, gender, and case with the noun it modifies. 

In prescriptions all parts of names are in the genitive. 

In the prescription 

Tincturae Opii f3j 

the druggist is told to 

Take thou 

of (the) Tincture of Opium one fluidounce. 

So that the word Tinctura and Opium must both be put in the 
Latin genitive case to express the proper meaning. 

The prescriber should remember the suggestion that a good 
abbreviation is better than a bad termination ; so, when in doubt, 
abbreviate. Spiv, is better than Spintce. 

ABBREVIATIONS. 

While the pharmacist must be familiar with all abbreviations that 
may be used in prescription writing, it is only necessary in a work 
of this character to call attention to those that it may be to a pre- 
server's advantage to use. 

IJ, as will be explained, means Take thou or Take thou of. 
The symbol is also frequently used to represent prescription. For 
instance, it is customary to order Refill 1^ 47,283. Some druggists 
use, in charging and billing, the symbol Rf. for prescription refilled, 
as Rf. 47,283 would mean that particular prescription refilled. 

aa. means of each, and when placed after an item in the inscrip- 
tion means that the amount following is to be taken of that and each 
of the ingredients above, since a quantity was stated. It should be 
placed immediately after and on a line with the last item it is to 
include, as 

Codeinse Phosphatis gr. iv 

Potassii Citratis, 

Sodii Bromidi aa gr. clx 



ABBREVIATIONS. 351 

q. s. means a sufficient quantity. It is usually understood to mean 
a sufficient quantity to make up to. ad, meaning to or up to, is gen- 
erally considered unnecessary when placed after q. s., as q. s. ad. 
q. s. is placed after the vehicle or excipient, which are ordinarily the 
last items in the inscription : 

Sodii Bromidi 3ij 

Elix. Aromatici q. s. f Sj 

The abbreviation is also used where the quantity is left to the 
discretion of the compounder, as in ordering suppositories the pre- 
scriber may write : 

Extracti Opii gr. ij 

Olei Theobromatis q. s. 

Ft. suppos. no. iv. 

Or, in abating the unpleasant odor of ichthyol : 

Ichthyolis 3ij 

01. Citronellae '. . q. s. 

Petrolati 3vj 

ad means to or up to, and is used after the name of the vehicle. 
It orders that the agent preceding it should be used in such amount 
as is necessary to make up to. the quantity following, as 

Potassii Iodidi Sj 

Aquae ad f Ej 

When literally translated into English, q. s. ad or even ad may be 
as good or better than q. s. The principal objection to ad is that it 
may be mistaken by some for add, and in the prescription just given 
a fluidounce be used instead of about half of that quantity. 

ad may also be written so as to read da., while q. s. cannot be mis- 
taken for anything else. It is understood by all druggists, it is easily 
written, and it is the abbreviation used for that particular purpose in 
such a vast majority of instances that its exclusive use would seem 
desirable. 

Opt. — optimus — best is used when an excellent quality is desired, 
and the particular brand is left to the discretion of the pharmacist, as 
in ordering olive oil or brandy. It is manifestly unreasonable to ex- 
pect the dispenser to carry all the first-class makes or to expect all 
to agree as to which is the best, and in such instances to specify a 
special make may cause delay or other undesirable results : 

Spir. Vini Gallici, Opt flvj. 



352 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 

Q. R. — quantitum rectum — the quantity is correct. This may be 
used where the quantity of a medicine is unusual and it is desirable 
to call the attention of the dispenser to the fact that the prescriber is 
aware of the condition, but that particular circumstances justify the 
dose. The abbreviation is placed just after the item to which it 
calls attention, as 

Morphinse Sulphatis gr. iv Q. R. 

If the entire prescription is unusual in dosage the Q. R. may be 
placed in the lower left-hand corner of the sheet, in which case it 
should be written in bold letters so as not to escape attention. 

The druggist is required to observe the dosage in a prescription 
and not fill any that appears excessive unless he is assured of its 
correctness. He stands between the prescriber and the patient as a 
safeguard against toxic quantities, and the prescriber's special as- 
surance is often necessary to prevent delay in delivering. 

There is danger of arousing the suspicions of the patient or en- 
tailing inconvenience while the prescriber is being sought to change 
what is really a correct quantity. As an example of this might be 
mentioned the use of morphine where the patient has acquired toler- 
ance, or in the new application of remedies as thymol in uncinariasis, 
where the former dose was two grains, but as much as fifty to one 
hundred grains are now prescribed. Much inconvenience was 
occasioned when the profession first resorted to this application of 
this drug. 

Underscoring. — A heavy line under a quantity has the same 
meaning as Q. R. and is usually more desirable. It is used as 

Morphinse Sulphatis gr. iv 

The same method is also used to call attention to a particular 
word or part of a word, as 

Acicli Sulphurosi, 

where it is thought the sulphuric acid might be used. 
M. — misce — mix or mix thou — is usually written 



^?. Of. <% 



It instructs the compounder to mix the items enumerated above, 
and is understood to mean that it be done in an intelligent manner. 
In the majority of instances it is all the compounding instructions 
necessary. The subject is more fully discussed elsewhere. 



DEFINITION. 353 

Ft. — fiat — (plural fiant) — make — means that the drug or drugs 
of the inscription are to be made into the form specified. The same 
abbreviation is used to express the singular or plural. 

Chart, (or cht.) — chartula — a small paper. It is used to mean a 
dose of medicine wrapped up in a small paper. The same abbrevia- 
tion is used to express any number or case of the word. Chts. should 
never be used. 

Chart, cerat. — Chartula cerata — a small waxed paper. Used to 
mean a dose of medicine wrapped in a small waxed paper. The same 
abbreviation is used for any number or case. 

Cap. — Capsula — a capsule. It is used to mean a dose of medicine 
put into a capsule. The same abbreviation is used to express any 
number or case of the word. Caps should never be used. 

Pil. — pilula — a pill. The same abbreviation is used to express 
any number or case. Pill and pits are not correct abbreviations. 

Suppos. — suppositoria — a suppository. The same abbreviation is 
used to express any number or case of the word. 

Non. rep. — non repetatur — not to be repeated (or refilled). This 
is usually placed in the lower left-hand corner of a prescription that 
the prescriber does not wish the compounder to refill. 

Pp. — Pauperismus — a pauper. Used in the lower left-hand cor- 
ner of a prescription, and is understood to mean that the patient is 
an object of charity, that the prescriber is rendering his services 
without charge, and that leniency is asked at the hands of the 
compounder. 

The following are frequently employed and hardly need dis- 
cussions : 

Sol. — Solutio — a solution. 

Emul. — Emulsio — an emulsion. 

No. — numerus — number. 

Tere bene — rub well. 

Sig. — signa — write (or write thou). 

A table of abbreviations will be found elsewhere. 

DEFINITION. 

The word prescription comes from the Latin pre and scribo, and 
means literally written before or that which is written before the ap- 
plication of the treatment. In its broadest sense it includes any in- 
structions for the benefit of the patient. It is customary to speak 
-of prescribing forced diet for one patient, of prescribing exercise for 
another, or the seashore or the mountains. 

23 



354 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 

In its restricted meaning, as it will be employed in this work, a 
prescription is a written order from a doctor to a druggist for medi- 
cine for a patient. A layman may send a druggist a written order 
for a bottle of Compound Syrup of Pine ; that would not be con- 
sidered a prescription. A physician may send a nurse a written order 
to give the patient a dose of salts ; that would not be a prescription. 
A physician may send a written order to a druggist to pay a patient 
a dollar on his account ; not a prescription. A physician may send a 
druggist a written order for a pound of chloroform for his obstetrical 
case ; not a prescription, as it is generally understood. 

HISTORY. 

The history of prescription writing is almost as old as the history 
of man. Among the most ancient inscriptions now being deciphered 
are found formulae for preparing medicines. Some of these show 
that even at the remotest times there was some knowledge of Materia 
Medica. that this knowledge was employed by some (physicians) in 
writing instructions (prescriptions ) for the preparation of remedies, 
and there is a reason to suppose that these instructions were ex- 
ecuted by others (pharmacists). 

The old Greek legend of JEsculapius, the God of the Healing Art. 
associates with him the beautiful Hygeia. who seems to have played 
the part of druggist. It is known that the priests attached to the 
temples of these Gods were of two classes, one that visited the sick 
and the other who remained in the temple and prepared the remedies. 

The relative duties of the physicians and apothecaries have varied 
throughout the different periods of the world's history, but there 
seems to have been at all times a class who, among other duties, 
wrote prescriptions, and a class at least a part of whose duty was to 
fill them. 

The prescription and the treatment of disease have, in the 
progress of time, gone through many evolutions. Treatment begin- 
ning among our Aryan ancestors as songs, dances, and various in- 
cantations, it was early learned that certain agents, if associated with 
the other efforts to drive out evil spirits, tended to produce the 
desired effect, and medicine soon became a partner to religious effort. 

At some times prescriptions largely took the form of love philters, 
conjure portions, and like expressions of superstition; but among the 
fanciful and oft revolting list of ingredients there usually appeared 
some articles of therapeutic merit. 



XAME OF PATIEXT. 



If the statements may be accepted that modern Chinese prescrip- 
tions are true children of those of our ancestors thousands of years 
ago. the truth is shown that the intervening centuries have merely 
devolved and improved what was already an art when the human 
race first began to write history. 

PARTS OF A PRESCRIPTION. 

A prescription should consist of the following seven parts : 

Date. 

Xame of the patient and information as to age. 

Superscription, or heading. 

Inscription, or main body of the prescription. 

Subscription, or directions to the compounder. 

Signatura, or directions for the patient. 

Prescriber's name. 

A prescription is frequently divided into the superscription, in- 
cluding all above the list of ingredients ; the inscription, including the 
ingredients and their amounts; the subscription, including all below 
this, as directions to compounder, directions for patient, and pre- 
scriber's name. 

DATE. 

There is some difference of opinion as to whether or not the pre- 
scription should be dated by the prescriber. as the compounder must 
always enter, along with the number and price charged, the date on 
which the prescription was filled. 

If a physician retains a carbon copy the date is valuable data, and 
it might be of some advantage on the original in case of legal com- 
plications. A good argument for the custom is that the prescription 
is a regular order and all orders should bear a date. If the date is 
placed where it will not interfere with the space required by the com- 
pounder, there can be no argument against it. The pharmacist gen- 
erally uses the lower left-hand corner for entering the number, date, 
etc. ; so the physician should place his date at the upper part of the 
sheet to avoid any possible confusion. The best place is immediately 
after the name of the city, which should always be at the top of the 
blank with the physician's name, office address, etc. (See page 389.) 

NAME OF PATIENT. 

Information as to the name and age of the patient should appear 
on every prescription. The best place for this is at the upper part 



356 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 

of the sheet, just under the physician's card and the date (see page 
389). Among the reasons for giving the name and age of the patient 
are the following : 

The pharmacist stands as a safeguard between physician and 
patient to prevent error in dosage. He is often helpless unless he 
has some idea as to whether the patient is an adult or child and, 
if a child, how old. If an overdose is prescribed and is dispensed by 
the compounder, he comes in for a share of the public condemnation, 
no matter what the circumstances ; so, bare justice to the pharmacist 
demands that he have all necessary information not only for the pa- 
tient's protection, but for his own. Few drug-stores use the check 
system, and if they do a customer's check is often lost; so medicines 
are usually delivered without protection against confusion unless the 
name of the patient is given. The author, when a pharmacist, had 
this lesson impressed upon him by the following incident : Two 
parties left prescriptions, one for a poison to be used as an insecti- 
cide, the other for a tonic for a tuberculous patient. Both prescrip- 
tions were to be used "as directed." No name was on either and the 
insecticide was delivered to the patient for whom the tonic was in- 
tended, and the error was not discovered until the package was well 
on its way to a country home many miles from town. Fortunately, 
a wild ride on a fast horse prevented possible trouble and a lesson for 
future use was forcibly impressed. 

The name of the patient is necessary on the prescription so that 
the compounder may put it on the label of the package for identifica- 
tion in the home. Mrs. X and her infant daughter may both be under 
treatment. They may both be taking 2-ounce mixtures of similar 
appearance. A close of the child's medicine may not injure the 
mother, but a dose of hers might prove fatal to the child. 

The prescriber should see that the patient's name is always en- 
tered on the label. A physician was recently treating six cases of 
sickness at one time in the same family. The ages of the patients 
ranged from one to forty years. It was necessary to give several 
prescriptions, and on investigation he found the nurse in confusion, 
as the names of the patients were not on any of the packages. The 
whole had to be discarded and new medicine ordered. 

The convenience of the pharmacist must be considered, and the 
patient's name on each prescription is a great aid to him in charging 
his work, identifying the prescription for refilling, and in many 
other ways. 



NAME OF PATIENT. 357 

The name of the patient on the carbon copy retained by the pre- 
scriber is of convenience to him in charging his day's work, and is 
indispensable in filing and keeping his case records. 

The name of the patient should be the most carefully written 
part of the whole prescription. If the prescription is left with the 
patient or family, they usually try to read it and often the patient's 
name is the only part intelligible to them. If there is an error in the 
only part that they can read they have some ground for supposing 
that there may be errors elsewhere ; or, if that part is clumsily writ- 
ten, they cannot be expected to have too much respect for the rest. 
The patient may well reason : "If I cannot read my own name, how 
can the druggist read the rest ?" The experienced druggist can usu- 
ally decipher the names of the drugs, the amounts, and the directions 
from his knowledge of medical usages, but unless a patient's name is 
a common one or familiar to him, there is no scheme for deciphering 
it unless each letter is plainly formed. A label carrying a patient's 
name improperly transcribed is well calculated to dissipate confidence 
in the contents of the package. If the patient is a male adult the 
name should be written, as : 




ru 



owAl 



or John Blank (adult) ; or, a specific title may be given; for example, 
If the patient is a female adult the name should be written, as : 




'AAA 
or Mary Blank (adult). 






358 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 

It is unnecessary to write Mr. John Blank (adult) or Mrs. John 
Blank (adult). The humbler the patient, the more he appreciates a 
title. The physician may know the patient as John, but in this 
democratic country he may prefer the druggist to know him as Mr. 
Blank. Young girls and young men are sometimes particularly jeal- 
ous of titles, and there is no objection to prescribing for the young 
militia officer as Captain Blank or the country justice as Judge Blank. 
Other departments of human activity should not be allowed to main- 
tain a corner on courtesy or policy. 

If the patient is a child the name should be followed by informa- 
tion as to age, as : 

The name should never be followed by a figure only, as Mary 
Blank (3) ; that might mean either years or months. Mrs. Blank's 
baby or Baby Blank should never be written, as Mrs. Blank's baby 
may be one year old today and the dose arranged accordingly, and 
next year Mrs. Blank may have another baby one month old and get 
hold of the medicine for the former patient, with unfortunate results. 
Also the word baby gives only limited information to the pharmacist, 
as a child often bears the title from the first hour up to five or more 
years of age. 

When the prescription is written for more than one patient, the 
prescriber may so specify, as: 

The prescription may be written for one patient and written in- 
structions left as to the use for the others, as Give John a teaspoon- 
ful of James's medicine every three hours. 

It sometimes happens, as in prescribing for venereal diseases, that 
it is inadvisable to give much information as to the identity of the 
patient. In such cases it is still necessary for the druggist to have 
some aid in rechecking dosage, identifying the prescription, etc., and 



THE INSCRIPTION. 359 

for the doctor in handling his copies. Probably the best method is 
to merely use initials and give the age data, as : 






This matter has been treated at some length, as it is a detail 
sadly neglected by the profession ; and when it is so easy to do a 
thing right, there is little excuse for failure. 

THE SUPERSCRIPTION. 

The superscription consists of the sign I£, which consists of the 
letter R with an oblique dash across the final stroke. The letter R 
is an abbreviation for the Latin word Recipe, meaning take or take 
thou; so it instructs the pharmacist to take of the ingredients men- 
tioned below the amounts specified. The oblique dash across the 
final stroke of the R probably is derived from the old symbol i| 
which represented a prayer to Jupiter. It was the custom of the 
old Roman physicians to begin a prescription with this invocation 
to their God of Gods to bless the remedies. The theory as to the 
origin is strengthened by the fact that the early Christian physicians 
used, instead of it, the cross. The letter R and the symbol 1/ are very 
well represented by our present sign ly. 

THE INSCRIPTION. 

The inscription is that part which contains the name of the drug 
or drugs ordered and the amount desired. It is usually best written 
in Latin. 

Some inscriptions may be divided into the following parts : 

Basis, or principal ingredient. 

Adjuvant — that which aids the action of the principal ingredient. 

Corrective — that which modifies some undesirable action of the other 

ingredients. 
Vehicle — that which facilitates the dispensing or administration of the 
other ingredients. 

This is sometimes called the diluent or solvent and in the case of 
ointments is often called the base. 



360 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 

For example : 

Chlorali Hydrati 5iss 

Potassii Bromidi 3iss 

Syr. Aurantii f 3ij 

Aquas q. s. f 5j 

M. 

Here the hydrated chloral is the most active agent. The bromide 
aids the action of the basis. The syrup of orange modifies the un- 
pleasant taste and tendency to nausea of the other agents. The 
water dissolves and dilutes. 

It is often impossible to definitely classify the parts. of an in- 
scription. There may be more than one drug belonging to a class, 
as sodium bromide and potassium bromide may be ordered in equal 
amounts in the same prescription. 

The same agent may act as a member of two or more classes, as in 
the following, where chloroform- water may be regarded as adjuvant, 
corrective, and vehicle at the same time : 

Sodii Bromidi 3ij 

Aquae Chlorof ormi q. s. f 3j 

Of course, a large per cent, of the prescriptions written only call 
for one or two items. 

Each item and the character expressing its amount should be on 
one line except under circumstances as mentioned later. 

It is better, for the sake of appearance and conformity to custom, 
to begin each word, forming a part of the name of an ingredient, 
with a capital letter, as : 

Tinct. Opii Camph. 
Sodii Bromidi. 



ARRANGEMENT OF INSCRIPTION. 

Several general methods of arrangements might be suggested, 
but no one fixed rule will apply to all cases. 

The items may be arranged in the order of their importance, 
somewhat as basis, adjuvant, corrective, vehicle; but in many in- 
stances the basis may consist of more than one drug of practically 
equal importance, or it is sometimes impossible to definitely fix the 
items under these heads, as they may merge into each other or one 
agent may equally belong to more than one class. 



THE SUBSCRIPTION. 361 

The items may be arranged with the solids first and the liquids 
last, these respectively arranged as far as possible in the order of 
their importance. 

Where a prescriber is competent to do so, it is often better to list 
the ingredients in the order in which they should be handled. For 
example : 

Tinct. Ferri Chloridi, 
Acidi Phosph. Dil., 

Tinct. Xucis Vomicae aa f 5j 

Syr. Pruni Virg q. s. fSvj 

M. 

In this instance the Diluted Phosphoric Acid should be added to 
the Tincture of Ferric Chloride before the next item, which con- 
tains tannic acid, is added, else iron tannate will be formed and an 
unsightly mixture result. 

Another example would be : 

Acetanilidi gr. lxxx 

Spir. Amnion. Arom fSj 

Caffeinae Citratae gr. xxx 

Sodii Bromidi gr. clx 

Elix. Aromatici q. s. f3ij 

M. 

Here the Acetanilid should be dissolved in the Aromatic Spirit 
of Ammonia and the Citrated Caffeine and Sodium Bromide should 
be dissolved in the Aromatic Elixir, and the two solutions then care- 
fully mixed. 

Good judgment should always govern the arrangement in the 
entire matter of prescription writing, but the prescriber can usually 
profit by bearing in mind the following suggestions : 

It is usually best to have the most important ingredients first. 

It is usually best to have the solids first. 

If for any reason a special order of mixing is desired, it may 
often be indicated by arrangement. 

The vehicle or diluent should always be last and practically always 
q. s. to make up to the total amount desired. 

THE SUBSCRIPTION. 

The subscription as here considered consists of the prescriber's 
directions to the compounder. It is usually written in Latin and 



362 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 

almost always abbreviated; so the terminations are of no practical 
importance. 

The primary consideration, here as elsewhere, is for the pre- 
scriber to so express his wishes that there is no possibility for any 
misinterpretation, and if this cannot be done in Latin, it is certainly 
better to use good English. 

Many of the abbreviations employed are so commonly used that 
there is no possibility of any misunderstanding as to what is in- 
tended, but many of those found in some textbooks and occasionally 
used are little known and unsafe. 

Brevity is always a consideration, but should not be used at a 
sacrifice of completeness. The prescriber should say all that is 
necessary and then stop. 

In a large per cent, of prescriptions the single abbreviation M. 
(misce — mix) is all that is required. It is always wise to avoid tell- 
ing the pharmacist to do something that is obviously necessary, as 
M. et ft. sol., when the ingredients are such that they could not be 
mixed without making a solution, or M. ct ft. ung. when an ointment 
is the only possible result of following the directions, M. M. S. A. 
(mix according to art) is always unnecessary, as the compounder is 
naturally going to employ the art of compounding to the best of his 
ability and understanding. 

When the medicine is to be put into doses it is necessary to indi- 
cate the form of administration. The directions to the compounder 
may then be written, as M. ft. cap. no. x, or M. ft. pil. no. x, or M. ft. 
clit. no. x, etc. 

When a special form of preparation is desired and it would be 
possible to make some other, it is best to specify, as M. ft. emid. 

When it is desired to emphasize any particular point in com- 
pounding it may be specified, as when a solution is wished and it 
will take some effort to get one or more of the ingredients to dissolve. 
A druggist might not be familiar with the solubilities and merely mix 
the ingredients without triturating, depending on solution being 
effected before the preparation reaches the patient. Under such cir- 
cumstances it is best to specify solution and, if the solid will not then 
dissolve entirely, the preparation cannot be dispensed without the 
prescriber's further instruction. An example would be : 

Acidi Borici gr. lxxx 

Aquae Destillatse fSiv 

M. ft. sol. 



SIGNATURA. 363 

When it is particularly desired that the ingredients in a powder 
or ointment should be well incorporated, it should be specified. An 
example would be in the following prescription for the eye : 

Hydrargyri Oxidi Flavi gr. j 

Petrolati q. s. 3j 

M. et tere bene. 

When it is desired to explain at length some particular matter as 
to the compounding, it is often better to mark in the lower left-hand 
corner (over), and on the back of the paper explain fully in plain 
English what is wished. 

SIGNATURA. 

The signatura consists of the directions that are to be copied on 
the label by the compounder for the instruction of the patient or 
nurse. They should, therefore, always be written so that when 
copied verbatim et literdtum they will constitute the desired label. 
The prescriber substantially tells the compounder to "write on the 
label the following," and while the druggist usually is competent and 
willing to take upon himself the responsibility of writing what he 
understands the doctor wishes, it still does not make the position of 
the careless prescriber correct. The point is well illustrated by an 
incident occurring in a Southern city, where the railway warehouse 
keeper was in the habit of directing a porter : "Go tell Air. Blank 
that if he does not take out his freight I will come up and beat the 
face oft him." The porter would modestly say to Air. Blank : "The 
boss say wont you please git out your freight." A new porter finally 
terminated the custom by delivering the message literally, with dis- 
astrous results. This understanding of the instruction to the dis- 
penser bars all Latin abbreviations and, in fact, all but complete 
plain, every-day English. 

Dismissing as even not meriting discussion such as Teaspoonful 
t. i. d. or oj q. 3 v. 4 h., we will take up the simple English directions. 

The directions As directed are justifiable only under rare condi- 
tions, if ever, and then only when the remedy would hardly admit of 
injurious use ; for example, in the use of mercurial ointment by in- 
unction ; and then it would be better to indicate something more, as 
Apply as directed or Apply with massage as directed. In the case 
of a remedy as a concentrated solution of potassium permanganate 
to be used in making a vaginal douche, in composing the label the 
patient's feelings must be considered. Many merely order As di- 



364 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 

rected. There are few objections to and many reasons for a label as 
Use tablespoonfid to gallon of hot water, or Dilute with hot water 
and use as directed. 

In directing the use of urethral injections it is permissible to put 
Use as directed; this contraindicates Take as directed, as would also 
be the case in the douche mentioned above. In fact, always where a 
liquid is not to be administered by mouth, it is wise to so indicate on 
the label. Some use instructions as Not to be taken, and, in case of 
a poison, Poison — not to be taken. Separate labels bearing these and 
other legends are frequently employed, but it is much more desirable 
to have pharmacists use a prescription label carrying the printing 
desired on its face, as a separate label might become detached. It is 
understood in many places that the part of the signa that the pre- 
scriber puts in quotation marks may be supplied by dispenser with 
printed label. For example : 

Sig.— "Poison." 

Use to moisten dressing. 
Sig.— "Not to be taken." 

Apply to back with massage. 
Sig. — "For external use/' 

Apply to swelling twice daily. 

Or, if there is any doubt about the particular druggist under- 
standing: 

Sig. — (Poison label.) 

Use to moisten dressing. 

In this connection attention should be called to the many objec- 
tions to the unfortunate practice of using certain classes of special 
labels or label information, as "For Cough" or "Teaspoonful every 2 
hours for Cough;" "For Fever" or Teaspoonful every 2 hours for 
fever. For example : In a certain city one "For Diarrhea" pre- 
scription was used hundreds of times and for scores of patients suf- 
fering with almost every variety of intestinal disturbance. For the 
original patient and condition it probably was excellent, from all 
reports ; but when used without the necessary intelligent discrimina- 
tion, it becomes an injustice not only to the patient but to the original 
prescriber, who is to some extent held responsible for his remedies, 
even under these conditions, and he and his confreres sustain a loss 
of legitimate practice represented by the cases that are cured. This 
example. is merely an illustration of a state of affairs that in some 
communities, particularly, is unfortunately only too prevalent. The 
prescriber should always remember that in the vast majority of the 



SIGNATURA. 365 

country the custom of the dispensers giving copies of prescriptions 
on request of patient is so well established that "business judgment" 
prevents a refusal to conformity. 

Unnecessary words should be avoided, especially in the case of 
prescribing pills, capsules, tablets, etc., as these are dispensed in con- 
tainers that have very limited label space. To illustrate : The label 
One pill three times a day before meals could be written One before 
meals or One before each meal, for the reason that where one is to 
be taken, and there is nothing but pills in the container, the patient- 
hardly needs specific instructions to take a pill. The three times a 
day may under most circumstances be omitted, as the patient is prob- 
ably definitely understood to be taking three meals a day. Only in 
the case of infants or special feeding, where more than three regular 
meals are being taken, would a question be raised. 

Directions are frequently put up to a dispenser to be put on a 
label an inch in diameter, such as Take the capsules an hour apart 
and three hours after last capsule take a bottle of Citrate of Mag- 
nesia. Better would be a label Take an hour apart and the instruc- 
tions as to the saline given to the patient on a special sheet of in- 
structions, as will be discussed later. 

Care should be used in the arrangement of words. One before 
each meal in water would be better One in water before each meal. 
Or, for example, Teaspoonful on ritiring in water might appear bet- 
ter as Teaspoonful in zvater before retiring. Where the common 
quantities as teaspoonful, tablespoonful, and drops are used and the 
remedy is not for internal use, the first word of the label should so 
indicate, as Apply teaspoonful to swelling, Pour tablespoonful on 
bandage, Put one drop in eyes three times daily. 

In prescribing powders more label room is available, as they are 
usually dispensed in envelopes or comparatively large boxes. In the 
case of liquids the label space available will depend to some extent 
on the size of the bottle ordered. The label that will fit a half-ounce 
bottle is so small that only a very few words can be written on it, 
while a comparatively large label may be used on bottles holding 
twelve or sixteen ounces, or even on those holding four ounces. It 
must be remembered that, whatever else may or may not be written 
on the label, the druggist must have his business card and also put 
the number and date of the prescription and the name of the doctor 
and patient, and many also put the name of the clerk compounding 
the formula. 



366 



PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 



The following represent labels that may be used on the various- 
size containers, and show the other information that must be written 
in addition to the prescriber's instructions. 

Of course, these are only rough averages, as there is no uniform- 
ity in these matters : 



MAIN STREET PHARMACY 

Cor. Main and Broad Sts. BLANKVILLE 



No. 



For Date. 



Tor y 2 , 1, and 2 fluidounce bottles. 



MAIN STREET PHARMACY 

Cor. Main and Broad Sts. BLANKVILLE 



No. 



Di 



For Date 



For 2, 3, and 4 fluidounce bottles. 



MAIN STREET PHARMACY 

Cor. Main and Broad Sts. BLANKVILLE 



No. 



Dr. 



For. 



Date 



For 4, 6, and 8 fluidounce bottles. 



SIGXATURA. 



367 



MAIN STREET PHARMACY 

Cor. Main and Broad Sts. BLANKVILLE 



No. 



Dr. 



For. 



Date 



For 6 or more fluidounce bottles. 




For boxes holding from 1 to 
4 capsules or ^-ounce 
ointment jars. 




For boxes holding from 4 to 12 capsules 
or for 1-ounce ointment jars. 




For boxes holding from 12 to 24 capsules 
or for larger ointment jars. 



368 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 

Suppository boxes have very little label space. Larger quantities 
of capsules are put into square boxes, which give more label space. 

If a "shake" label or other special label is used, less space will be 
available, as a smaller label will have to be employed. 

PRESCRIBER'S NAME. 

The prescriber's name should always be so written as to leave 
no possible doubt as to identity at any time. 

When the prescriber uses his own private blanks carrying his 
name and address, he can naturally take more liberties than when 
such is not the case. Where the private printed blanks are used it is 
the custom to merely sign the surname or even that monstrosity of 
penmanship, the fancy signature, may be permitted. 

Among the reasons for the foregoing might be mentioned that in 
the case of those agents which can be dispensed only on physicians' 
prescriptions it is necessary to have the full signature of the physi- 
cian. If the blank does not carry his name and title his signature 
should always include his medical degree if the drug is one 
the sale of which is restricted by law. In cases of unusual or 
uncertain doses it is only justice to the compounder that the pre- 
scription be properly signed to constitute an order in the full legal 
sense. It is not advisable to force the pharmacist to ask the patient 
who wrote the prescription. The physician may flatter himself that 
every one knows who B or J is, but the compliment may not be fully 
merited. The patient may leave the prescription to be called for 
later or to be sent to his address, and after his departure it may 
develop that it is necessary to communicate with the prescriber, and 
the questions who? when? where? are not answered by the paper in 
hand. 

CALCULATING AMOUNTS. 

In writing the inscription a matter of some embarrassment to the 
beginner is calculating the total amount to order of each ingredient. 

The usual method is to write first the name of each drug, then 
decide on the number of doses in the prescription, and by making the 
^ vehicle q. s. to the desired bulk, or ordering the desired number of 
capsules, etc., get the number of doses fixed before the writer; then 
beginning with the first drug multiply the amount desired for each 
dose by the total number of doses of the finished product. 



CALCULATING AMOUNTS. 369 

For example : 

Sodii Bromidi, 

Elix. Aromatici q. s. f 5.i j 

Sig. — Teaspoon ful in water every three hours. 

Two fluidounces being the total quantity and a teaspoonful the 
dose, the number of doses would be sixteen. If ten grains of Sodium 
Bromide are desired at each dose, the amount would be 16 times 10, 
or 160 grains. 

Or: 

Quininae Sulphatis 

Ferri Reducti ; 

M. ft. cap. no. xx. 

Sig. — One after each meal. 

If it is desired to give two grains of the quinine salt at a dose 
and there are twenty doses, the amount of the salt would be 20 times 
2 grains, or 40 grains. 

In ointments, etc., the amounts are usually based on per cent. ; 

Phenolis, 

Petrolati q. s. 5j 

M. 

Sig. — Apply twice daily. 

If it is desired to use about 1 per cent, of Phenol the calculation 
is 1 per cent, of 480 grains, or 4.8 gr. (or about 5 grains) total quan- 
tity of phenol. 

A convenient method for calculating approximate amounts is as 
follows : 

Base the calculations on an 8-fluidounce prescription with tea- 
spoonful doses. This would give about 60 doses to the entire quan- 
tity. For each ingredient write for as many drachms or fluidrachms 
>as it is desired to give grains or minims at a dose. 

For example : 

Sodii Iodidi, 

Elix. Aromatici q. s. f'Sviij 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water three times a day. 

This would give about 60 doses, and as a drachm is 60 grains each 
dose will contain about as many grains as there are drachms in the 

24 



3/0 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 

total quantity of the salt. If it is desired to give 5 grains at a dose 
write for 5 drachms of the salt. 

A 4-fluidounce prescription would naturally require one-half the 
number of drachms or fluidrachms as grains or minims were desired 
at a dose. Fluid prescriptions of any size may be adjusted on this 
basis. The same rule would apply in writing for 60 pills or cap- 
sules or greater or less amounts adjusted as in the case of fluids. 

In metric prescriptions the following excellent scheme has been 
suggested : 

A gramme or a cubic centimeter contain about 15 or 16 grains or 
minims respectively. The slight difference is immaterial. In order- 
ing fluid preparations base the calculations on a 60 Cc. quantity 
(about 2 fluidounces) with teaspoonful doses; this will give about 
16 doses. For each item (except, of course, the vehicle) write for as 
many grammes or cubic centimeters as it is desired to give grains or 
minims at a dose. For example : 

Sodii Bromidi, 

Elix. Aromatici q. s. 601 

M. 

Sig. — Teaspoonful in water every three hours. 

As this would contain about 16 doses and a gramme is about 16 
grains, for each gramme of the salt ordered, the patient would get 
a grain at a dose. So if it is desired to give ten grains of the salt at 
a dose, write for ten grammes in the inscription. 

Larger or smaller prescriptions can be arranged on the same 
basis. 

In ordering capsules, pills, etc., if the prescription calls for 15 or 
16 the patient will get as many grains in each dose as there are 
grammes in the total quantity. Prescriptions for greater or less num- 
ber can, of course, be calculated on the same basis. The scheme is 
too simple and its advantages too obvious to require discussion. 

It is a safe plan to calculate the amounts by one of the methods 
mentioned and, in rechecking, to use another, as this reduces the 
chance for error to a minimum. 

CHOICE OF VEHICLE. 

In selecting a vehicle for a liquid prescription the prescriber must 
consider its solvent action, compatibility, taste, odor, color, and cost. 

Solvent Action. — If it is desired to administer a drug in solution 
the vehicle must naturally be one that will dissolve that particular 



CHOICE OF VEHICLE. 371 

substance. This matter is discussed at some length elsewhere, but 
the following general rules will bear repetition : 

Salts (metallic or alkaloidal) and gums are usually more soluble 
in aqueous liquids. Alkaloids, oils, resins, oleoresins, and some coal- 
tar products are more soluble in alcoholic liquids. 

If it is desired to administer a drug in suspension the vehicle 
must naturally be one that will not dissolve that particular drug. 

Compatibility. — This is taken up in detail on page 401. 

Taste. — The matter of taste is one that cannot be overlooked. 
Unpleasant developments, as nausea and vomiting, may result from 
a disagreeable preparation. The patient may, if an adult, refuse to 
take the medicine, and, if a child, the struggle to administer the dose 
may often more than counterbalance the good effect of the remedy. 
To a certain extent the people demand to be cured not only quickly 
but pleasantly, and if one physician can not or will not do it another 
will. 

Odor. — Disagreeable odors are usually unnecessary and possess 
all the bad features mentioned in regard to taste. 

Color. — Under this head might be included the matter of general 
appearance. When it is possible to do so without a sacrifice of qual- 
ity, it is certainly better to order a preparation that will be elegant in 
appearance. Color often has some psychic effect. It is very common 
to hear a patient rail against the doctor who "did not give me any- 
thing but water." 

Cost. — This is often a factor. Unless there is a definite reason 
for so doing, an expensive vehicle should not be employed. The 
remark is common when a doctor writes for an expensive proprietary 
q. s. : "I do not think that it is much good, but it makes a good 
vehicle." The patient has to pay for that good vehicle. 

The following very imperfect list of vehicles are among those 
worthy of special mention : 

Water should be considered as the one great vehicle, and em- 
ployed unless there is some reason against its use. Make it the agent 
of first thought in prescribing solutions, and elaborate from it. 

Distilled Water is valuable when it is desired to use a vehicle 
free from matter that might result in chemical action, as in pre- 
scribing silver nitrate, etc. 

Peppermint-water, Cinnamon-water, and Chloroform-water are 
valuable where there is nausea and for disguising the taste of many 
salts. 



3/2 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 

Aromatic Elixir, which contains about 25 per cent. Alcohol, is a 
very valuable vehicle. It is a good solvent, has a pleasant taste and 
odor, and the alcoholic content makes it a good preservative. It 
is particularly desirable in prescribing such salts as the bromides, 
alkaloidal salts, etc. 

Compound Digestive Elixir has some medicinal virtue and is an 
excellent vehicle, particularly in treating certain forms of digestive 
disturbances. It has a brilliant-red color and decidedly pleasant taste. 

Syrup of Tolu, Syrup of Lemon, Syrup of Wild Cherry, and 
Syrup of Squills are used particularly in prescribing cough mixtures. 
They are used as the vehicle alone or with water. 

Mucilage of Acacia, Syrup of Acacia, and Syrup are frequently 
employed when insoluble agents are to be suspended in a liquid. 

Compound Tincture of Gentian and Compound Ticture of Cin- 
chona are used as vehicles in prescribing bitter tonics. They, of 
course, are not compatible with ferric salts. They contain about 50 
per cent, alcohol, which must be taken into consideration. 

Tincture of Sweet Orange and Compound Spirit of Orange are 
good alcoholic vehicles, particularly for such drugs as creosote, 
guaiacol, etc. 

Alcohol is an indispensable part of many other vehicles and is 
frequently used alone, as when prescribing agents requiring its sol- 
vent effect or preservative action. 

Glycerin is frequently employed alone or in connection with other 
vehicles, particularly for such agents as phenol, iodine, tannic 
acid, etc. 

Soap Liniment is a useful vehicle in prescribing liniments. To 
it can be added such agents as chloroform, menthol, etc. 

Liquid Petrolatum is the vehicle of common choice for prescrib- 
ing oil-soluble drugs as sprays, particularly such agents as camphor, 
menthol, and the volatile oils. 

Sugar of Milk is the most commonly used vehicle in prescribing 
powders. It is an inert, white powder, without odor and of a mildly 
sweet taste. 

Aromatic Powder is a finely powdered mixture of spices, and is 
often useful in disguising taste and odor and in giving bulk and color 
to powders. 

Petrolatum for ointments occupies the place that water does for 
solutions. It should be the vehicle used unless there is some reason 
to the contrary. It is inert, odorless, clean, and permanent. 

Ointment of Rose-water is an excellent ointment base. 



QUANTITY OF A PRESCRIPTION. 373 

Hydrous Wool-fat is used as a vehicle in ointments when absorp- 
tion of the active agent is desired. 

QUANTITY OF A PRESCRIPTION. 

Only a comparatively small per cent, of the medicine manufac- 
tured is actually taken by patients. Much is lost from one cause and 
another while still in the hands of the manufacturer. The ware- 
houses of the wholesale druggists are fairly packed with it that has 
spoiled, is out of date, unpopular, etc. A good part of the retailers' 
gross profits are represented by similar articles, and last, but not 
least, almost every family has a medicine chest which, in spite of fre- 
quent "cleaning ups," contains the remains of many prescriptions 
usually representing the poor judgment of the prescriber. The cus- 
tom of prescribing in quantities too large has many objections. The 
patient is put to unnecessary expense ; the unused portion remains as 
a monument to the doctor's error, for it is usually an error to pre- 
scribe more than a patient needs. The patient feels that if the physi- 
cian had understood the case he would not have prescribed two or 
or three times more than was necessary. It may be used in subse- 
quent sickness with unfortunate results, in that or some other family, 
or either by its aid or in spite of it the future patients recover without 
a consultation and the doctor is deprived of a legitimate fee. 

In many instances even where a considerable quantity of the agent 
will be used it may be advisable to prescribe comparatively small 
amounts on account of possible deterioration, as in the case of cer- 
tain syrups in warm weather. The quantity should usually be such 
as the prescriber feels reasonably sure the patient will require before 
deterioration occurs or a change is necessary or a cure is effected. 
As examples : 

In prescribing an ointment of yellow mercuric oxide for the eye- 
lids, 1 drachm is usually all that is necessary. In any event it is 
enough to order, as the possibility of dust from the atmosphere, dirt 
from fingers, etc., makes it desirable not to use the same package too 
long. For a case of scarlatina where it is desired to prescribe a cold- 
cream application for the skin during desquamation, a half-pound or 
pound may be ordered at one time to advantage. To break up a cold 
one dozen capsules may be more than enough, while in prescribing 
ferrous carbonate for chlorosis a prescription for less than 100 doses 
will probably be putting the patient to unnecessary trouble and 
expense. 



374 • PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 

As a rule in conditions of more or less chronic character, where 
the patient is under observation and the necessity for change pos- 
sible, from seven to ten days' treatment is a convenient amount. If 
a liquid is being administered in teaspoonful doses three times a day, 
three or four fluidounces would be the amount indicated. 

A study of almost any prescription file shows a distressing num- 
ber of 16-dose tonics and 64-dose headache mixtures. 

The prescriber should always remember that too great a dis- 
crepancy either way between the needs of the patient and the amount 
of his order shows a lack of grasp of the situation and may well 
shake the confidence of the patient. With regard to having the pa- 
tient frequently refill small prescriptions the prescriber should re- 
member that the druggist justly makes a charge for his time, and 
usually four two-ounce prescriptions will cost the patients two or 
three times as much as one eight-ounce prescription calling for the 
same ingredients. 

PROPORTIONING DOSAGE. 

By the dose of a drug is meant the average dose for the average 
adult under average conditions. Variations from the usual require 
special consideration. 

The prescriber must consider the age, size, sex, temperament, 
habits, and condition of the patient, and the action of the drug 
employed. 

Age. — Young's rule is the one most commonly used for propor- 
tioning the dose for a child. It is : Divide the age of the child in 
years by the age plus twelve to obtain the fraction of the adult dose. 
For example : If the adult dose of a medicine is 20 grains, to find 
the dose for a child four years old, divide the age (4) by the age (4) 
plus 12 to obtain the fraction of 20 grains desired : 

4 . A - x l 
-f 12 — 16 " 4 ' 4 

Five grains would, therefore, be the dose for a child four years 
old. Another rule is : Make 20 the denominator of a fraction the 
numerator of which is the age of the child expressed in years. The 
result is the fraction of the adult dose. By this method if the dose 
for an adult is 20 grains, to find the dose for a child four years old 
the following would be the calculation : 

s = «- 5° £20 = 4 - 
Four grains would, therefore, be the dose required. 



WRITTEN INSTRUCTIONS. 375 

It will be observed that these rules only apply to those children 
whose ages are expressed in years. In the case of infants each is 
a problem unto itself. 

Size. — The size of a patient is naturally an important factor. It 
would be manifestly unwise to expect a child four years old and 
weighing only 20 pounds to tolerate what would be a normal dose for 
another child of the same age and weighing 40 pounds. A man six 
feet high and weighing two hundred pounds may require different 
dosage from one five feet high and weighing one hundred pounds. 

Sex. — Women are, on the average, smaller than men; their 
organs are smaller ; they have less blood ; they are weaker and per- 
form less work. These facts should receive due consideration in 
prescribing, and the average dose is usually smaller than for men. 
There are some exceptions ; for example, purgatives, which are gen- 
erally required in larger doses and stimulants in comparatively 
smaller doses for women than for men. 

Temperament. — This in some instances is an important factor. 
For example : A patient of a highly nervous type can tolerate less 
strychnine than can one of a phlegmatic temperament. 

Habit. — This must often be considered. One addicted to opium, 
alcohol, coffee, etc., will require larger doses of these drugs to pro- 
duce a desired effect than will one who has not previously used them. 
A patient who has been taking potassium iodide can frequently be 
given comparatively large doses without unpleasant effect. 

Condition. — The condition of the patient is almost always an im- 
portant consideration. The weak, anemic patient may not be able 
to tolerate the same dose of a purgative that would be a benefit to 
one who was of the robust, full-blooded type. A child in the 
paroxysmal stage of whooping-cough may be given antipyrine to 
advantage in doses several times the usual proportion. 

The Drug. — Some drugs are exceptions to the foregoing rules. 
For example : The same dose of castor oil is usually given to a child 
over two or three years old as to an adult. Calomel is ordinarily 
given in comparatively large doses to children, while opium is usu- 
ally best administered in comparatively small amounts to children. 

WRITTEN INSTRUCTIONS. 

In connection with the writing of prescriptions, particularly with 
the matter of the signatura or instructions for label, it is important 
to consider the means of giving more complete directions to patient 



376 



PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 



or nurse, as it must be remembered that the label space is limited 
and yet that instructions should be complete. As elsewhere sug- 
gested, it is best to leave with each case special instructions which 
may be conveniently written on the regular prescription blanks, and 
a carbon copy retained by the prescriber and filed with the copies of 
prescriptions and other data relating to that case. Where a trained 
nurse is in charge the matter may often be simple, but where, as is 
usually the case, an anxious and excited mother or wife is the one 
to look to, the instructions can hardly be too explicit. Where sev- 
eral medicines are to be given, a time chart is almost indispensable if 
correctness is to be expected. This, with the other instructions, may 
be arranged something like the following, which is taken from the 
instructions left for a case of tonsillitis: 



.ul^aA... ul.c^cf.. L^^-^rn 



For . 

<SVK^C v^L^O v^-U/>v7 C, 




■>l<* 







Q,mrt y^-cuU. ^Oc/J^^ ffcsuc^, ^cf^c^i 
-i*J "TULA*, J sC^W^/ls-^eiJ-**^- -*-'£ 



^AJLA- /S^mX "T^UsTl, /Q(rU, 



WRITTEN INSTRUCTIONS. 



377 




LstktiSCXL 



9^ 






$ 

9 

ii 

3 
J- 

L 

7 

^C- sCcousO /Gisis-aC GsCc&isi* -C<£<~ 



ZUZA. 



£L/<£Lsu 



sLtzweA. £>C<n^<^ 



In arranging the chart after treatment is under way, it is best to 
list the prescriptions by number. 

In the written instructions it is particularly desirable to include 
such items as : G/rr a tablcspoonful of castor oil two hours after last 
powder; or, // bowels hare not acted by noon give enema of half- 
gallon of warm water with one tablespoonful of table salt; or, // not 
asleep by eleven o'clock give another powder } but not again during 
the night. 

A diet list should always be written and a copy retained by the 
prescriber. Instructions for modified milk, etc., should always be 
written and a copy retained. Formulae for home preparation should 
always be written, as: Dissolve one teaspoonful of Boric Acid in a 
glass of warm water and bathe the part every three hours. 

Receipts for special articles of diet should usually be written, as 
the following for a milk-shake : 



378 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 

1 fresh egg; 

1 tablespoonful malted milk; 

Cracked ice ; 

Flavor, as sherry, chocolate, or grated nutmeg; 

Milk to fill shaker; 

Shake in milk-shaker and take two hours after each meal. 

CONCENTRATED MIXTURES. 

Whether the practice is just or not, the fact remains that the 
druggist bases his charges, to a considerable extent, on the size of 
the preparation dispensed. The best interests of the patient should 
be the paramount consideration in the prescriber's mind; he can, 
therefore, frequently concentrate the preparations and allow the pa- 
tient to add the water, — often known in the drug-store as "profit." 
As an example : A physician wishing to have a poor patient use a 
wet bichloride dressing and, as is usually the case, not thinking it 
advisable to prescribe tablets, ordered a pint of a 1 : 5000 solution. 
He found that the druggist charged $1.50. The next orcler was for 
a two-ounce solution 1 : 500, with directions to use one teaspoonful 
to nine teaspoonfuls of water ; the price charged was 25 cents. 

The same conditions obtain in such cases as in prescribing potas- 
sium iodide in syphilis, or the syrup of ferrous iodide to be used for 
a considerable time, as in chronic tonsillitis, or in ordering solutions 
of potassium permanganate for douches, irrigations, etc. 

To illustrate another point : A concentrated solution of corrosive 
mercuric chloride was ordered with directions "Use one teaspoonful 
to two tablespoonfuls of water to wet bandage." A dermatitis was 
produced, as a large teaspoon and a small tablespoon were used and 
a dilution of little more than 1 : 2000 resulted ; so it should be remem- 
bered that, when possible, the patient should be instructed to use the 
same measure for the drug and the diluent. 

SATURATED SOLUTIONS. 

A saturated solution is often ordered. The custom is subject to 
criticism. Many employ the term in prescribing potassium iodide, 
sodium phosphate, etc., when they want a solution representing a 
grain to the minim. The druggist usually understands what is de- 
sired and fills the prescription accordingly, but the order is open to 
criticisms 

A saturated solution is one that contains all of the solid that 
will dissolve in the given solvent. Water is usually understood to be 



PERCENTAGE SOLUTIONS. 379 

the solvent unless otherwise specified. The amount of a salt that 
will be dissolved depends to some extent on the temperature and 
other conditions. In no instance is the finished product just one 
grain to the minim. When such concentration is desired the inscrip- 
tion may be written as : 

Potassii Iodidi §j 

Aquae q. s. f 3j 

In the case of agents, as boric acid, where a concentration of a 
grain to the minim is not obtainable or desired, it is even more neces- 
sary to prescribe a definite amount of the salt. 

The druggist usually handles orders for saturated solutions of 
this class by adding the salt in slight excess of the solvent, triturat- 
ing and filtering. The amount of the drug that dissolves will de- 
pend very much on the patience and energy of the compounder. The 
prescriber should know the solubility and arrange the prescription 
accordingly. For example : 

Boric acid is soluble in 18 parts of water. The full amount that 
is possible to get into solution should not be employed, as the state- 
ment "soluble in 18 parts of water" means that 1 part is the maximum 
amount that may be dissolved in 18 parts of water even under the 
most favorable conditions and by the expenditure of unlimited time 
and effort. These factors cannot be expected in the filling of pre- 
scriptions ; so it is always better to order an amount slightly less than 
the quantity indicated by the given solubility. 

The inscription may be arranged as follows : 

Acidi Borici gr. xx 

Aquae Dest q. s. f Sj 

The prescriber then knows what his patient will receive. 

PERCENTAGE SOLUTIONS. 

This is found to be one of the hardest problems in prescription 
writing, to impress upon the student. Some grasp it with such 
facility and it seems so simple withal that an apology would seem 
necessary for laying any stress upon it ; but in almost any senior 
medical examination, where every student thinks the matter either 
mastered or too simple to be worthy of study, less than half of the 
exercises will be found correctly w T ritten. Some methods of cal- 
culation might be illustrated, as follows : 

The quantities for a four-fluidounce prescription for a 5 per cent, 
solution of liquefied phenol in glycerin. 



380 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 

If the complete prescription contains 4 fluidounces or 32 
fluidrachms, 1 per cent, would be % o of that amount and found by 
pointing off two" decimal places (0.32 drachm) 5 per cent, would be 
five times as much, or 0.32 X 5 = 1 .60 fluidrachms, or 96 minims. 

Or, 5 per cent, is equal to one-twentieth ; therefore, % of the 
total bulk of the prescription must be liquefied phenol, the prescrip- 
tion containing 4 fluidounces. % of 4 fluidounces equals 
4 -=- 20 — % = /o °f a fluidounce. One fluidounce being 480 
minims, Y 5 would be 480 -f- 5 — 96 minims. 

Or, the prescriber soon remembers that 4.8 minims are 1 per 
cent, of a fluidounce ; therefore, 5 per cent, of a fluidounce is 
4.8 X 5 = 24 minims ; then 5 per cent, of 4 fluidounces would be 
24 X 4 = 96 minims. 

In making a correct percentage solution all items must either 
be weighed or measured. It is not correct to weigh the shot and 
measure the feathers. 

Water at standard temperature, etc., weighs 454.6 grains to the 
fluidounce of 480 minims ; therefore, 4.8 grains of cocaine hydro- 
chloride with water to make a fluidounce is not strictly speaking a 
1 per cent, solution by either weight or measure. There should be 
4.546 grains of the cocaine salt. The prescriber seldom finds such 
exactness necessary, but may well carry in mind 4.5 grains of the 
solid as the 1 per cent, quantity of a 1 fluidounce aqueous solution of 
solids. 

The metric system being a decimal one, the matter of percentage 
solutions is simplicity itself : 

Phenolis Liq., 

Glycerini q. s. 120 

120 being the total quantity, 1 per cent, is found by dividing by 
100, that is, pointing off two decimal places = 1.20; 5 per cent, by 
multiplying 1.20 by 5 — 6.00 : 

Phenolis Liq 6 

Glycerini 120 

In, say, a 25 per cent, solution, 25 per cent, is one-fourth of the 
total; therefore, % of the total quantity (120) is 30, which would 
be the quantity of the liquefied phenol for a 25 per cent, solution. 

FORMS OF ADMINISTRATION. 

Before writing his prescription the physician must first decide, 
from the condition of the patient, as to the effect to be produced, 



FORMS OF ADMINISTRATION. 381 

then the agent that will best produce the desired effect, then the 
most desirable route under the circumstances to get the remedy into 
action, and then the most desirable form in which to administer it. 
To produce a systemic effect, drugs may be given by mouth, rectum. 
skin, hypodermically. intravenously, or by inhalation. 

The mouth is the natural channel for the intake for all matter 
except oxygen. Doses, not otherwise specified, are understood to 
be by this route. Medicines for general effect are supposed to be ad- 
ministered by mouth unless there is some reason to the contrary. 

The intravenous method gives the quickest results and the dose 
is smallest. 

Hypodermic administration is next in point of prompt action and 
smallness of dose. The dose is usually one-half to two-thirds of 
that by mouth. 

Rectal administration gives slower results than by mouth, and 
the dose is usually ?0 to 100 per cent, larger. 

The local effect may be produced by any method that brings the 
agent into contact with the part to be affected. 

By Mouth for Systemic Effect. 

Solutions. — It is a safe rule to make this the form of first choice 
and use, unless there are reasons to the contrary, as odor, taste, 
insolubility, etc. 

Liquids not Solutions. — This includes mixtures, emulsions, etc. 
They are employed when an agent is administered by mouth that is 
insoluble in the desired vehicle and there are reasons against giving 
in capsules, powders, etc.; also when the taste would be objection- 
able if in solution. Examples are bismuth salts suspended in thick 
liquids, oil of turpentine in emulsion, quinine salts suspended in 
chocolate syrup, etc. 

Capsules. — This is one of the most convenient and agreeable 
forms for administering medicine. They are particularly useful for 
drugs of unpleasant taste or odor, as quinine salts, thymol, etc. The 
effect is not produced as quickly as when the drug is in solution, and 
they should not contain agents in such form as will cause irritation 
of the alimentary mucosa. It should be remembered that small chil- 
dren and many adults are unable to swallow capsules or are nauseated 
by them." Before prescribing capsules it is always best to ascertain if 
the patient can take them. 

Papers. — By papers is here meant doses of medicine wrapped up 
in papers (cht.) instead of put into capsules or other container. The 



382 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 

form answers well for those powders that are not disagreeable in 
taste or odor, as calomel with milk sugar, sulphonmethanum, etc. 

Pills. — This is a convenient form for the administration of some 
drugs, as silver nitrate, phosphorus, etc., and is sometimes an 
economic method where the drug is to be continued for a consider- 
able time, as in giving yellow mercurous iodide for syphilis or fer- 
rous carbonate for chlorosis. It is not often that a prescriber should 
order pills to be prepared extemporaneously. Pills of silver nitrate 
or phosphorus cannot usually be made to advantage by the local drug- 
gist, and if it is desired to have freshly prepared doses of such 
agents as ferrous carbonate or yellow mercurous iodide it will be 
better for many reasons to order capsules. Pills are subject to many 
disadvantages, such as hardening and becoming insoluble, crumbling, 
tasting if not coated, sticking together if coated, etc. 

Tablets. — Hypodermic tablets and tablet triturates usually dis- 
integrate readily when taken into the stomach, and are sometimes a 
convenient form for administering medicines of small dosage. If 
the medicine is disagreeable, as strychnine, the patient does get the 
benefit of it to some extent, particularly if hypodermic tablets are 
used. Compressed tablets are usually hard and very apt to disinte- 
grate slowly, if at all, in the alimentary tract. Their usefulness is 
very limited to the prescriber, though they are sometimes a great 
convenience to the dispensing physician. 

Cachets. — This is not usually considered a practical method of 
administration, in this country. 

By Rectum for Systemic Effect. 

Liquids. — For the best results the agent should be in solution 
and so diluted as to be non-irritating. When possible, the rectum 
should be first cleansed by irrigation and the bulk of the dose should 
not exceed about six fluidounces for an adult. 

Medicines are sometimes administered to advantage by the 
Murphy drip. 

Suppositories. — These are usually made with a vehicle of cocoa 
butter. They should be non-irritating and the active agents should 
be readily soluble. 

Rectal administration is often useful, particularly when the upper 
alimentary tract is intolerant, as in gastric irritation or when there is 
much nausea, or when it is undesirable for any other reason to give 
a remedy by mouth, as in appendicitis, etc. 



COMPARATIVE DOSAGE. 383 

Hypodermic and Intravenous Administration. — These methods 
are resorted to when quick results are demanded or when there are 
reasons against the use of other routes. The agents should usually 
be in solution and non-irritating. The operation should, of course, 
be aseptic. 

By Absorption from the Skin. 

This is not often a practical route for producing the systemic 
effect of a drug. The principal exception is inunction of mercury 
for syphilis. 

By Inhalation. 

To produce a systemic effect by absorption from the mucous 
membrane of the respiratory tract a drug must be in the form of a 
vapor. The most common example of this form 1 of administration 
is the use of chloroform, ether, amyl nitrite, etc. 

Local Effect. 

This may be produced by any method that brings the agent into 
contact with the part to be affected. Solutions, mixtures, ointments, 
powders, and practically all forms of medication are employed. Ex- 
amples are : liniments, ointments, dusting powders, eye-washes, nasal 
sprays, gargles, mouth-washes, enema, injections, caustics, etc. 

COMPARATIVE DOSAGE OF PREPARATIONS. 

In remembering dosage it is often advisable for the prescriber 
not to try to remember the dose of each preparation of a drug, but 
to remember the dose of the drug itself ; then the dose of the prepara- 
tions can be called to mind by the following rules : 

The dose of the fluidextract is the same in minims as the dose of 
the drug in grains. 

The dose in minims of the tincture is usually ten times the dose in 
grains of the drug. 

The dose of the extract is usually one-fifth the dose of the drug. 
For example : 

Nux Vomica — dose, 1 grain. 
Fluidextract of Nux Vomica — dose, 1 minim. 
Tincture of Nux Vomica — dose, 10 minims. 
Extract of Nux Vomica — dose, % grain. 



384 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 

This, of course, is approximate only, but in the largest per cent. 
of cases it answers all requirements and is often a valuable aid to 
memory. Where the dose of the drug is large, as 30 to 60 grains, 
the rule as to the tincture will not often apply. 

A rule can hardly be given for preparations as infusions, elixirs, 
etc., but the fluidextract, tincture, and extract are the preparations of 
common use. 

THE PHARMACOPOEIA. 

A Pharmacopoeia is a book compiled by a recognized authority 
and containing a list of drugs with information concerning them. 
The United States Pharmacopoeia is not published by the govern- 
ment, as is the case in some countries, but it is accepted by the 
government as standard in as far as it goes, and this gives it all 
necessary prestige. For example, the Pharmacopoeia fixes the 
strength of tincture of opium at 10 per cent., and the government 
requires that for government use, interstate commerce, etc., a prep- 
aration to be called tincture of opium must have 10 per cent, 
strength. State drug laws also recognize the Pharmacopoeia, as 
does the federal government. 

The United States Pharmacopoeia was first published in 1820, 
and each ten years it is revised by a committee selected by the 
Pharmacopoeial Convention, which is composed of representatives 
from incorporated medical and pharmaceutical colleges and associa- 
tions and the Army, Navy and Public Health Service. 

THE NATIONAL FORMULARY. 

The National Formulary is a book containing formulae of prep- 
arations not included in the Pharmacopoeia, but that are still con- 
sidered of sufficient importance to render standardization advisable. 
It is published by the American Pharmaceutical Association. 

DISPENSATORY. 

A Dispensatory is a commentary on the Pharmacopoeia. They 
contain all that the Pharmacopoeia states regarding official drugs and 
much additional information. They also treat of other drugs not 
included in the Pharmacopoeia. They are compiled and published 
as private enterprises and contain a vast amount of information that 
is invaluable to the student of Materia Medica. 



PROPRIETARY AXD PATENT MEDICINES. 385 

OFFICIAL DRUGS AND N. F. PREPARATIONS. 

An official drug is one that is contained in the Pharmacopoeia. 
In prescribing an official drug it is not necessary to write U. S. P., as 
that is understood. 

In prescribing a preparation of the National Formulary, if it is 
particularly desirable to get the N. F. product, it is usually best to 
specify A r . F., as pharmacists are not always very familiar with the 
formulae of this valuable guide. 

While it is inadvisable for a prescriber to even try to confine him- 
self to the Pharmacopoeia and National Formulary, they certainly 
contain the vast majority of drugs that should be used. These books 
should be in the library of every physician, and he should so famil- 
iarize himself with their contents as to know what agents he can get 
so well standardized and give them the preference. 

PROPRIETARY AND PATENT MEDICINES. 

The use of these preparations by the medical profession is cer- 
tainly carried to excess. The distressing neglect of Materia Medica 
by the majority of our medical colleges is probably the chief cause 
of the fault. Students are given a limited knowledge of a few drugs. 
They are not sufficiently grounded in a knowledge of medicines as 
to enable them to meet the demands of practice or to intelligently 
discriminate between the good and the bad of what is afterward 
offered them. They soon realize the inadequacy of their armamen- 
tarium and seize upon any suggested additions. This means, of 
course, that they fall an easy prey to the detail man, the circular, or 
the well-filled advertisement page. Some of the best known schools 
of medicine would better be called schools of chemistry or surgery. 

Many of the patent or proprietary medicines are excellent prep- 
arations. Our Pharmacopoeia and National Formulary are stocked 
with remedies originally introduced to the profession in this way; 
so, if for no other reason, it would ill-become the physician to indis- 
criminately rail against them. To impress the lesson it is only 
necessary to mention Acetphenetidin, Sulphonmethanum, Compound 
Digestive Elixir, Cataplasma of Kaolin, and a host of others might 
be cited. 

Some of the remedies in these classes are not equaled by the so- 
called ethical imitations, and it need not be considered a disgrace for 
an intelligent prescriber to specify a make that he knows to be 
superior. 

25 



386 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 

The fact remains, however, that the more a physician knows of 
materia medica and the more he studies the Pharmacopoeia and the 
National Formulary, the less frequently does he have to go outside 
of them for his prescription material. The detail man, to the student 
of materia medica, is usually a source of valuable information. They 
frequently present new products of decided merit. The plea is not to 
avoid them, but to intelligently weigh their statements. 

The prescriber should not be urged to confine himself to the 
standards, but to have intelligent reasons when he goes to other 
sources. 

SPECIFYING MANUFACTURERS. 

There is a tendency on the part of members of the medical pro- 
fession to specify on prescriptions the preparation of some particular 
manufacturer. When there is any reasonable cause of advantage 
to the patient, there should be no hesitation in so doing, but the more 
familiar one becomes with medicines the more one becomes convinced 
that there is seldom a necessity for this practice. There was a time 
when it was frequently advisable, but the present State and National 
drug laws and the present status of pharmaceutical education have 
practically forced a uniformly high standard in manufacturing. Pro- 
miscuous specifying of special makes is usually a sign of ignorance or 
gullibility rather than of superior information. Another fact is that 
if a certain manufacturer puts out one preparation superior to that 
of competitors it is no indication that the other preparations of that 
make are above the average. 

As a general rule it may be stated that in prescribing the agents 
included in the Pharmacopoeia and National Formulary, it is best not 
to specify a particular make. There are, of course, some few 
exceptions. 

WRITE PRESCRIPTIONS. 

A prescriber should avoid the habit of telling the patient what 
to get. The oldest friendship may not stand the strain. Even a 
physician often does not like to prescribe for himself, and when he 
consults a confrere prefers that he write a prescription. 

A patient seldom consults a physician unless he, at least, imagines 
himself sick, and however slight his ailments he wants to be shown 
full consideration. If he is given medicine at all he appreciates his 
ailment being accorded the dignity of having a prescription written 
for it. Also nothing so encourages self-medication as telling the 
patient what to get, nothing is so apt to result in mistakes, and 



PRESCRIPTION BLANKS. 387 

nothing so disgusts the doctor's friend and should-be supporter — the 
druggist. 

An example will illustrate : A family sent for a physician to treat 
a child with earache. The physician, after a careful examination, 
told them to get an ounce of glycerin, put twenty drops of carbolic 
acid in it, shake it up and put two or three drops in the ear affected. 
It seemed to be the straw that broke the camel's back, for the family, 
who had employed him for years, sent for another physician who 
gave them the following prescription and retained the practice : 

For Mary Jones (5 years). 

Phenolis Liq ttlxx 

Glycerini q. s. f 5j 

M. 

Sig. — Use two (2) drops in ear as directed. 

One doctor had lost a family's practice and another gained one, 
not through the latter' s superior medical ability, but through his 
knowledge of human nature and the demands of his position. 

The principle is not to be carried to extremes. For example : in 
prescribing a calomel purge to be followed next day by a saline, the 
prescriber can well write his prescription for the calomel, etc., and 
in his written instructions left with the patient instruct as to' a dose 
of Epsom salts being taken the following morning. 

It should always be remembered that it is hard to overestimate 
the physic factor in the treatment of disease, and that while the pre- 
scription is a very common-place scrap of paper to the prescriber 
it is, to the patient, the ultimate expression of an oracle and is that 
which he feels is to stand between him and dread disease or even 
the Grim Reaper. 

PRESCRIPTION BLANKS. 

Prescriptions are written on everything from paper bags and 
scraps of wrapping paper on down — and up. Mohammed showed 
somewhat of the medical spirit in writing the Koran on pieces of 
bone and other waste material picked up in his wanderings. 

A prescription is the most important product of a dignified pro- 
fession, and there is every reason why it should represent the acme 
of neatness. 

A physician should use his own private prescription blanks, 
ordered and paid for by himself. The sheets should be of standard 
size (about Zy 2 x 5^4 inches), so that they will snugly fit in the regu- 



388 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 

lar box files so commonly used by pharmacists. If they are too 
small they do not present a neat appearance and are rather hard for 
the druggist to locate if it is necessary to refer to them again. If a 
blank is too large it may have to be folded to fit a box file, or if a 
druggist uses the wire files the sheets project beyond the edges of the 
others and are apt to get torn or become unreadable through hand- 
ling and the unusual accumulation of dust. The blank should be of 
good paper and white is neater and more dignified, and shows the 
writing better than does a colored paper. 

At the top of the blank should be, in modest type and black ink, 
the doctor's name and some information concerning him. It is not 
considered good taste to use the degrees, but the abbreviation Dr. 
followed by the name as the doctor uses it — that is, the full Christian 
name or part or only initials and surname. The home and office 
address, office hours, and home and office phone numbers should also 
be given, and usually nothing more. A blank arranged in this way 
enables the druggist to translate the prescriber s signature, to readily 
reach him should it be necessary, and serves the purpose to some 
extent of a business card. 'When instructions for the patient are 
left on these blanks, they constitute a modest, ethical advertisement, 
the purpose that is served by the blotter or calendar of the merchant. 
Something like the blank on the opposite page is recommended. 

Now, the nice blanks so generously furnished by the friendly ( ?) 
druggist. If they did not bear the druggist's advertisement they 
would entail an obligation that should be avoided for many reasons ; 
but free blanks usually bear some legend, as "Take this to the Avenue 
Pharmacy." The doctor in signing the blank makes printed instruc- 
tions also a part of his order, and tells the patient to take the pre- 
scription to that store, to the exclusion of all others. This is not 
only a gratuitous insult to the other druggists, but to the patient, as 
the choice of a druggist is a matter without the province of the physi- 
cian, and he should not specify unless there are particular reasons, 
of interest to the patient, for his doing so, and then the patient has 
the right to know those reasons. 

The standpoint of the other druggists and a frequent result are 
well shown in the following incident : 

A young physician recently located in a suburban neighborhood 
with five drug-stores. The active physicians doing practice in that 
section were using the blanks liberally supplied by two of those 
stores. If druggist A referred a patient to one of the old physicians, 
he either never heard of the case again or the patient returned with 



CARBON COPIES. 



389 



a prescription which carried instructions, "Take this to B's drug- 
store." The new man used his own blanks with the result that in a 
few months three druggists were referring all unattached patients 
to him and the other two stores were just about as friendly as if he 
had been using their blanks. 



Dr. J. C. BLANK 

RESIDENCE: 1776 FIRST AVENUE PHONE 2893 

Office: 736 Central Bank Building 

Hours: 2 to 4 P. M. Phone 1345 

N EW ORLEANS 




CARBON COPIES. 

Prescription blanks should be securely bound in small books of 
about 50 sheets. It is better to have these wired at the top and per- 
forated so that the sheets can be easily torn out. The books need 



390 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 

not have covers, but should have a V back that will enable them to 
fit into a regular leather case. Every other sheet should be plain, 
colored paper for making a carbon copy. This will give twenty-five 
originals to each book. In lots of eighty books (2000 prescription 
blanks) they should not cost over about seven cents each. 

There can be no reason against keeping carbon copies, and there 
are certainly many advantages. Twenty-five cents' worth of carbon 
paper will last almost any physician a year. A sheet is cut the size 
of the prescription blank and is merely transferred after each 
writing. One carbon sheet answers well for several books. 

It is impossible for any physician to remember all that he pre- 
scribes, and a copy of all the prescriptions for a case filed with the 
other data is an invaluable record. Again, everyone makes mistakes, 
and the habit of rereading the copies after leaving each case, or at 
least at night, is a practice that cannot be too highly recommended. 
What physician has not spent many anxious moments, after leaving 
a case, wondering if he did not write Corrosivi instead of Mitts or 
some similar possibility? How easy it is to get peace of mind by 
referring to a carbon copy ! 

Referring to the copies of the day's prescriptions is also a valu- 
able check on the day's work, and will frequently remind one of a 
consultation that might otherwise have gone uncharged. 

In case of error on the part of the druggist the doctor has indis- 
putable evidence as to what he wrote, no matter how the original 
may have been altered. 

CARE OF COPIES AND OTHER USES FOR THEM. 

If a physician uses a filing system (and all should) the copies of 
the prescriptions should be kept with the case history and other data. 
The most desirable filing system for this purpose is that which uses 
folders. A separate folder for each patient enables the physician to 
carry all matter regarding each case in the most convenient pos- 
sible way. This data is probably best kept in the office. 

The folder may be made for the history, etc., or if the physician 
contents himself, as many do, with a comparatively brief history, the 
prescription blank answers well by using one or more sheets. It 
is advisable to make a carbon duplicate of this also, and keep one 
in the office, and one can be kept in the study at home for reference, 
as in reading up on the case. 

The blanks and copies answer well for keeping a record of mat- 
ters of interest concerning the case, as pulse, temperature, etc., at 



CARE AS TO WRITING. 391 

each visit; blood-counts, urinalysis, etc. These should be filed as 
suggested for other data. 

Some use the blanks for giving receipts for payments received 
during the day, and the carbon copy left in the book constitutes all 
the necessary data for making the proper credits when posting the 
day's work. Except in hospital work, written instructions for pa- 
tient or nurse are best made on the regular blanks and copies filed 
with the other data. 

COPIES TO A SUCCESSOR. 

It frequently happens that a physician is called in a case of 
emergency to see the patient of another physician. He should always 
leave a copy of any prescription he may write and a memorandum 
of his findings, and instruct that they be given to the other physician 
when he next calls. This is not only a courtesy due to the other 
attendant, but justice to the patient, and of advantage to himself. 
The regular attendant coming in cannot well continue the use of a 
remedy without knowing what it is, and for him to abruptly discon- 
tinue the first physician's treatment subjects the patient to additional 
expense and may cause an unpleasant impression in the mind of 
the patient with regard to the treatment started by the first attendant. 

CARE AS TO WRITING. 

Few physicians are so fortunate as to be expert penman, yet any- 
one can write neatly and plainly if he will devote the proper care 
and time to the effort. It does not require a master of the art of 
penmanship to dot an i and cross a t and to make an o so that it can 
be distinguished from an a and a u from an n or m. A physician 
may have to hurry in giving a hypodermic or in applying forceps to 
an after-coming head, but it is seldom that he cannot take a reason- 
able time to write his prescriptions. Aside from other considerations, 
neatness in this will have a better moral effect upon both patient 
and pharmacist than will neatness in dress, which all regard as a 
matter of importance. Not only should the writing be plain and 
neat, but the sheet should be spotless. A soiled blank should be dis- 
carded and if one is damaged in writing or in removing from the 
book, it should be destroyed and the work done over. This also 
applies to errors in writing. A word should not be scratched or 
overwritten, but a new prescription be made. 



392 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 

ARRANGEMENT ON SHEET. 

A prescriber can get a good idea of the effect of arrangement by 
studying the letters sent out by some of the up-to-date business 
houses. It will be noted that when the amount of reading matter 
is small it is placed about the middle of the sheet with equal mar- 
gins above and below, instead of having the reading matter at the 
top of the sheet and the total margin below. It will also be noted 
that the margin on the left of the sheet is strictly observed and on 
the right as far as possible. The application of these rules to pre- 
scription writing is illustrated in Part III. 

The lines should run straight across the page and the name of 
the drug and the amount should be on one line except under unusual 
circumstances, as when the name of the manufacturer is specified in 
parentheses, or some other descriptive information is given. 

The amounts of the different ingredients ordered should be placed 
under each other and each on a line with the name of the drug to 
which it belongs. 

PEN AND PENCIL. 

Since a good fountain pen can be purchased at a nominal price, 
there is every reason why all prescriptions should be written in ink. 
It is much neater, more dignified, and the general appearance of the 
finished product is much better. 

Carbon copies can be made as well as with a pencil. The writing 
is more durable and it is not so apt to become illegible through the 
prescription being carried in the pocket, getting wet, or being sub- 
jected to the usual wear and tear of the frequent handling of the 
druggist's files. There is not the chance of an item being changed to 
cover an error of a prescription clerk. If ink is not used a good 
indelible pencil should be employed. 

ORDER OF WRITING. 

The date is first written, then the name of the patient and age. 
The superscription or heading ( J$ ) should be printed on the blank. 
The names of the ingredients should then be written without 
amounts, except the vehicle, which is followed by the total amount 
of the prescription ; then the directions to the compounder, then the 
directions to the patient, then the prescriber's signature. When this 
is complete the prescriber has before him the total amount of the 
preparation, the amount of each dose, and the number of doses ; so 



RECOMMENDING CREDIT. 393 

he can better calculate the amounts of the active ingredients. These 
are filled in, beginning with the first and taking them in the order 
in which they are written. 

REREADING. 

After a prescription has been written it should be carefully re- 
read, the amounts recalculated, and every part carefully reconsidered. 
It is best to allow some time to elapse between the writing and the 
rechecking. The best custom is to let all the matter remain in the 
book when first written and then, if with the patient, give attention 
to some other matters that will always require attention, then re- 
read carefully each prescription or sheet of instructions as it is torn 
from the book. This custom possesses the additional advantage that 
if an error has been made the sheet can be quietly allowed to remain 
in the book, and a new one written without subjecting the prescriber 
to the possible embarrassment of acknowledging an error by destroy- 
ing a prescription in the presence of the patient. 

TELEPHONING PRESCRIPTIONS. 

A fruitful source of unpleasant circumstances is the reprehensible 
custom of telephoning prescriptions. It is sometimes unavoidable, 
but should be done only when absolutely necessary. In case of error 
from any cause the burden of proof is on the prescriber to estab- 
lish the fact that he really dictated what he claims. When it is posi- 
tively necessary to telephone a prescription it should be first written 
just as if to be delivered in person ; then with this before him the 
prescriber should, after ascertaining that he is speaking to a pre- 
scription clerk, read it off carefully and slowly enough to admit of it 
being taken down in full ; then the clerk should be asked to read 
what he has written, which the prescriber should recheck from the 
original. He should then either send by hand or mail, at once, the 
written prescription marked original of prescription phoned. The 
druggist should use this to replace the copy which he had filled and 
filed. The doctor as usual retains his carbon copy. 

RECOMMENDING CREDIT. 

The matter of financial arrangements between patient and drug- 
gists are best left to the parties most concerned. It is an unfortunate 
practice for the prescriber to take to the drug-store the prescriptions 
for parties unknown to the pharmacist and recommend that they be 



394 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 

filled and charged. A like practice is to mark the prescription, when 
not taken in person, O. K. or a/c 0. K. There are sometimes ex- 
ceptional circumstances that would justify such action, but such is 
rarely the case. A refusal to recognize such recommendation is fre- 
quently embarrassing to the druggist, physician, and patient, and the 
prescriber should only make such suggestion when he intends to pay 
the account if the patient should not do so. The fact that the patient, 
lives in a nice home and pays the bills of the physician, whom he 
likes and needs, is not always a certain indication that he will pay the 
pharmacist, whom he does not know or care about. The prescriber 
may feel that in recommending that the pharmacist extend credit 
for one little prescription the matter is small anyway, but the end 
result may be the opening up of an extensive account and consider- 
able loss to the druggist. It is certain that this class of interference 
is usually unnecessary, undesired, and unappreciated. 

NAMING A PRICE. 

A prescriber will often be- asked as to the probable price of the 
prescription. He should never be led into hazarding a guess. The 
knowledge that the same prescription cost a previous patient a cer- 
tain amount is no ground for an answer. Each pharmacy is, to a 
large extent, a law unto itself as to price, and the same applies to 
even the different clerks in the same establishment. There neces- 
sarily can be no fixed price for prescriptions, as the variety of com- 
binations runs into countless thousands. Each charge is an estimate 
and the same man may charge 35 cents for a mixture today and 40 
cents tomorrow. The fluctuations of the market, the condition of 
the customer, the character of the account, and many other factors 
enter into the fixing of the price. The druggist always marks the 
price charged on each prescription, so that if refilled a discrepancy 
will not occur. W nere this practice is neglected the result is often 
unfortunate. If for particular reasons the prescriber should find 
it necessary to name a price to the patient, the amount should be 
plainly entered on the prescription and he should remember that he 
owes the pharmacist an explanation, as the doctor has no more 
right to dictate the price of filling than the druggist the price of pre- 
scribing. How oft, oh how oft, has every druggist asked a customer 
a dollar for a prescription, only to have him or her say, "Why Doctor 
Blank said that only would cost me fifty cents !" The only recourse 
is to acknowledge himself a thief or discredit Dr. Blank's fund of 
information. 



LOCAL PECULIARITIES. 395 



CHARITY. 



It sometimes happens that prescriptions are written for parties 
not able to pay anything, or frequently the patient is deserving of 
some concession on the part of both doctor and druggist. 

If the physician is rendering his services gratuitously and the 
condition of the patient justifies it, he may write, in the lower right- 
hand corner of the prescription, Pp. (meaning pauperismus — see 
page 353), which indicates to the druggist that the patient is in very 
reduced circumstances and that only a nominal charge, if any, should 
be made for the medicine. It should be remembered that this always 
carries the understanding that the medical attendant is receiving no 
remuneration whatever. 

It sometimes happens that a family in modest circumstances may 
require considerable medical attention and medicine, that they are 
able and willing to pay something, but are deserving of leniency at 
the hands of all parties concerned. It is better under such circum- 
stances for the physician to communicate with the pharmacist direct 
and discuss the circumstances in detail. 

LOCAL PECULIARITIES. 

In deciding what drugs to order for a patient it is frequently 
necessary to take into consideration what the local druggist can 
supply. This applies particularly to small towns and suburban 
neighborhoods. What may be a common remedy in one section of 
the country may be almost unused and not carried in stock in another. 
For example, the average village pharmacy might not be able to sup- 
ply good fresh preparations of benzoinated lard, confection of rose, 
syrup of orange, etc., as these are seldom used in some sections, and 
do not keep very well. 

In New Orleans many preparations that are in common use on 
account of the large French element might not be obtainable in other 
cities of a different character of population. 

The point to be impressed is that a physician prescribing drugs 
that are not in common use should be reasonably sure that the drug- 
gist can supply them. If there is a doubt it is better for the pre- 
scriber to inform himself in the matter, as he may be able to save 
himself, the pharmacist, and the patient inconvenience or em- 
barrassment. 



396 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 

REFILLING AND GIVING COPIES. 

The custom among druggists is to refill, when requested, any pre- 
scription that does not specify to the contrary or to give a copy to be 
filled elsewhere. So general is this custom that it is demanded by 
the patient as a matter of right. An exception to the rule, of course, 
is in the case of those prescriptions that call for drugs that the laws 
of the particular State allow to be dispensed only once on a pre- 
scription, unless a written order to refill is given by the prescriber. 
Even when the law does not cover the point some few pharmacists 
will not refill a prescription calling for a habit-forming drug. Some 
prescribers write on prescriptions that they do not particularly want 
refilled, Xot to be refilled or Xon. rep. (see page 353). Others have 
this printed on all their blanks and only erase it when they think it 
will be necessary to have that particular prescription refilled. This 
latter custom is not recommended for reasons later explained. 

Aside from other considerations the custom of refilling and giving 
copies is manifestly unjust to the physician, as he does not usually 
sell the patient a formula for present and future use for himself and 
friends. He is paid for his effort to correct a particular condition 
then existing, and his prescription is an order to the druggist to de- 
liver a drug or drugs in a certain amount for that object. To refer 
to a previous illustration, the druggist has no more right to execute 
that order again than would the merchant to deliver a second pair of 
shoes on the order for one. 

The custom is frequently even more unjust to the patient, as what 
would cure at one time might really do damage to the same patient 
or another at some other time, though the condition might seem to 
be the same. An active purge for an abdominal pain due to consti- 
pation may give relief, but if taken when the pain is due to appen- 
dicitis it might produce unfortunate results. The illustration is used 
by another author of a lady who suffered from headache due to 
syphilis. Without being informed of the condition she was relieved 
by pills of yellow mercurous iodide. She later told her physician that 
she was so much pleased with the remedy that she had given copies 
of the prescription to all of her friends who suffered with headache. 

It sometimes happens that for sentimental or other reasons a pa- 
tient will wish to retain a particular prescription, as when consulting 
some eminent physician. The custom is for the patient to so state 
when giving the prescription to the druggist, who then fills the 
original and puts his name and his particular number and date on it, 



ERRORS. 397 

and sometimes the price charged in plain figures, or in a cipher code 
understood by most druggists. He makes a copy for himself, which 
he numbers, dates, and files as he would an original. 

The custom of refilling and giving copies is too well established 
for the pharmacist to fail to comply with it, and the only remedy is 
for the prescriber to specify against it and try to educate the public 
to the many disadvantages. It is a matter, however, that requires 
concerted action, and for one doctor, particularly if he is not well 
established, to try to stem the tide of custom and popular demand 
might prove decidedly unfortunate. 

ERRORS. 

The prescriber who claims to never have made an error is one 
who disregards truth, has a poor memory, or has done very little 
practice indeed. The most earnest co-operation should exist between 
compounder and prescriber, and in case of a mistake by either the 
other should render all reasonable assistance. If a physician dis- 
covers that a prescription has not been properly compounded, he can 
always find a pretext for taking it back to the pharmacist without 
arousing the suspicions of the patient. When the prescriber makes 
a mistake it is the duty of the compounder to discover it and to pro- 
tect against any injury to the reputation of the physician. If the 
physician can be reached, the prescription should be taken to him 
by the pharmacist or he may be telephoned. The prescription should 
never be returned to the patient or the patient be allowed to sus- 
pect that there is any trouble. If the physician is not accessible and 
his intention is obvious, the druggist may make the necessary cor- 
rection and advise the physician at the earliest possible opportunity. 
For example : 

Hydrarg. Chlor. Corros gr. iv 

Sacchari Lactis gr. xx 

M. ft. cht. no. iv. 

Sig. — One every hour. 

Any pharmacist should know that the mild mercurous chloride 
is intended, and should change the prescription if the physician 
cannot be reached. 

The pharmacist is more apt to discharge his full duties in these 
matters than is the physician, and the point to be impressed is that 
the prescriber must remember that the compounder is his co-worker 



398 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 

and entitled to every consideration at his hands, and that sooner or 
later that co-worker is apt to have an opportunity to repay any such 
debt with interest. 

DOMESTIC MEASURES. 

Liquid medicines are usually ordered to be administered in quan- 
tities familiar to the laity, as teaspoon f ul, tablespoonful, wineglassful, 
teacupful, glassful, etc. The prescriber bases his calculations on 
such equivalents as a teaspoonful being one fluidrachm, a tablespoon- 
ful being four fluidrachms, etc., as shown on page 339. As a matter 
of fact there is a great variation in the size of these measures. The 
teaspoonful is probably the most uniform of any, yet they vary 
through a range of over a hundred per cent, and the shape is such 
that even this variation is increased in use. A spoon filled nearly to 
the top may not contain more than half the amount that could be 
measured into it. Dessertspoons vary in size to such an extent as 
to render their use inadvisable ; the same applies to the wineglass. It 
is interesting to note the difference in a wineglassful of castor oil 
and a wineglassful of old port or Spanish sherry. The cup used by 
the coffee taker confined to one cup a clay and the one used for 
measuring a disagreeable purgative water are very different vessels. 

The medical attendant must either accustom himself to recognize 
spoons, glasses, etc., of the proper size and have them set aside for 
use in measuring medicines, or he must insist on graduated medicine 
glasses. 

Graduated medicine glasses, if of the proper size and make, 
possess many advantages. They are not acted upon by the medicinal 
agent ; they are easily cleaned ; they are marked to hold correct 
amounts ; there is less discrepancy in filling a glass to a mark than in 
filling a spoon to the top ; there is less chance for waste in adminis- 
tering from a partly filled glass than from a full spoon. 

The lesson in domestic measures was very forcibly impressed 
upon the author in ordering a concentrated antiseptic solution with 
directions to use one teaspoonful of the medicine to two tablespoon- 
fuls of water. The result was very distressing and it was found that 
the patient used a teaspoon holding about 90 minims for the medicine 
and a tablespoon holding about 120 minims for the water. 

EXAMINING THE MEDICINE. 

It is an excellent practice to examine the medicine the patient 
is taking on each visit after prescribing. This is particularly de- 



OWNERSHIP OF A PRESCRIPTION. 399 

sirable on the first visit after starting treatment. The first object is 
to see that the medicine has been properly prepared. Even a physi- 
cian without pharmaceutical experience can soon learn what should 
be the appearance of the remedy ordered. Unfortunately, it is a 
fact that the careful observer will frequently find cause to justify 
this practice. Gross errors and evident substitutions are not com- 
mon, but frequently a powder has not been properly dissolved, an 
emulsion has been imperfectly made, a dusting powder is gritty, an 
ointment shows lack of proper incorporation or a preparation has 
not been mixed in the order to obtain the best results. 

A prescriber by seeing the finished product can best learn his own 
errors in combination and improve upon his work in that particular 
field. He sees that he is ordering quantities too large for capsules, 
that agents he thought would go well together are hopelessly incom- 
patible, and he gets a better idea as to odor, taste, and general ap- 
pearance of the remedies he is imposing upon a trusting public. 

Another important object is to see that the patient is getting the 
proper amount of the remedy. If four fluidounces of a preparation 
is ordered and a teaspoonful is to be taken three times a day and it is 
found that after five days only about a fourth of the preparation has 
been taken, something is wrong. Either the spoon is too small, is not 
being properly filled, or the regular number of doses is not being 
taken. If twelve capsules are ordered and six are to be taken the 
first day, the next morning's visit should find only six remaining. It 
will be found that, among poorer patients particularly, the second 
visit will frequently find the prescription still unfilled, or, if the 
medicine is promptly obtained, that constant eflort is sometimes 
necessary to secure for the patient the proper care as to the' adminis- 
tration of the remedies. Mothers are apt to humor children who 
object to unpleasant remedies. Men who are not sick enough to re- 
quire a nurse are ver}^ apt to take a remedy only when there is press- 
ing demand for it. And yet the neighbors, the family, and even the 
patient hold the physician responsible for the progress of the case, 
irrespective of all conditions. 

OWNERSHIP OF A PRESCRIPTION. 

When a prescription is written it is the property of the pre- 
scriber until he delivers it to the patient, or to the druggist for the 
patient ; it then ceases to be his and he has no legal right to recall it. 
If the patient has the prescription it is his to do with as he chooses, 
and when it is delivered to the druggist to be filled it becomes and 



400 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 

remains the property of the druggist. The patient cannot demand its 
return nor can the physician, and should a prescriber for any reason 
wish to regain possession of one of his prescriptions that has been 
filled, he should remember that he is to ask the druggist for the favor 
of its return and not demand it. It is the same proposition as if the 
doctor sent an order to a merchant to deliver to his servant a pair of 
shoes. The merchant should retain the order as his evidence of the 
transaction. Of course, the major object in the pharmacist retaining 
prescriptions is really that he may have them in case it is necessary 
to have them refilled. 



STOCK PRESCRIPTIONS. 

Most physicians have certain formulae that they are in the habit 
of frequently employing. These are known as stock prescriptions. 
The practice is often carried to excess, but there can be no doubt 
that well-selected stock prescriptions are better than none at all. It 
is usually necessary for the medical attendant to write his prescrip- 
tions in the presence of the patient or family. The vast majority of 
cases will represent only a limited number of conditions, as tonsillitis, 
colds, intestinal intoxication, etc. There can be no objecton to the 
prescriber drilling himself in correctly writing one or more formulae 
for each common demand. The matter of compatibility, taste, odor, 
appearance, etc., can be carefully worked out, and the dosage later 
adjusted to meet the demands of each particular case. The pre- 
scriber can often use these stock formulae as a starting point and 
build his materia medica to them to better advantage than if he works 
at random. For example : 

Quinine is the remedy for malaria. Let the physician work out a 
prescription, correct from every standpoint, for adminstering the 
drug in tasteless form to an adult that cannot take capsules ; in a 
tasteless form to a child that cannot take capsules ; in bitter solution, 
in capsules, and quinine tonics to meet the requirements of these 
patients after the first few days of intensive treatment. 

Many teachers insist on learning "to use a drug" — certainly — but 
the prescriber should always stock his memory with facts as to how 
to order it for definite conditions, how to combine it, disguise its 
taste and odor if necessary, how and when to order it in liquid 
or solid form, and how to write the other details of the order. 



INCOMPATIBILITY. 401 



INCOMPATIBILITY. 



Incompatibility is a term used to express the condition where two 
or more agents when brought into contact result in a chemical de- 
composition, physical disassociation, or therapeutic opposition. 

The various classes of incompatibility are grouped under three 
heads: chemical, physical (or pharmaceutical), and therapeutical (or 
physiological). 

Excellent treatises on this important subject can be obtained. 
Some of them can hardly be improved upon for completeness, but 
the average student is apt to find difficulty in gleaning the actual 
necessities and becomes bewildered by the very completeness that to 
some is desirable. 

As many of the phases of incompatibility are of minor interest 
to the prescriber, it will here only be treated under the following 
heads : 

In Liquids. 

I. Formation of a precipitate : 

(a) The separation of a metal or insoluble metallic salt by 
chemical action. 

(b) The separation of an alkaloid or insoluble alkaloidal salt 
by chemical action. 

(c) Precipitation due to other causes. 
II. The evolution of a gas. 

III. Separation of an immiscible liquid. 

IV. Formation of a gelatinous mass. 
V. Incomplete solutions. 

VI. Immiscibility. 

In Solids. 

I. Chemical changes. 
II. L^ndesirable pharmaceutical mixtures. 

I. Formation of a Precipitate. 

(a) The Separation of a Metal or Insoluble Metallic Salt by 
Chemical Action. — It may be broadly stated that when two or 
more substances in solution are brought together, if by an ex- 
change of radicals an insoluble substance can be formed or a gas 
evolved — that exchange will take place. The matter resolves 
itself, therefore, largely into a study of solubilities. 

26 



402 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 

In ordering two or more solids in solution the prescriber must 
reason, "Are all soluble in the vehicle ? Can an insoluble substance 
be formed from the bases and radicals used ?" 

For example : 

Zinci Sulphatis gr. x 

Plumbi Acetatis gr. x 

Aquae q. s. f 3iv 

Is zinc sulphate soluble in water? Yes. 
Is lead acetate soluble in water? Yes. 

Can an insoluble substance be formed by an exchange of radi- 
cals ? Yes ; lead sulphate, which is insoluble, can be formed. 
Will the exchange take place ? Certainly. 

Potassii Iodidi 3iv 

Sodii Bromidi Siv 

Aquas q. s. fSiv 

Is potassium iodide soluble in water ? Yes. 

Is sodium bromide soluble in water? Yes. 

Can an insoluble substance be formed (or gas evolved) by an 
exchange of radicals? Xo. If potassium bromide and sodium iodide 
were formed they would still be soluble in water. Will an exchange 
take place? Xo. 

A precipitate is not always undesirable, so this must be taken into 
consideration by the prescriber. The precipitate resulting in the 
following mixture does not spoil the value of the remedy : 

Plumbi Acetatis, 

Tincturae Opii, 

Aquae q. s. 

The following would be undesirable : 

Strychninae Sulphatis gr. j 

Potassii Iodidi 3iv 

Aquae q. s. f 5iv 

The matter of precipitation resulting from chemical action is 
often made to appear complicated by giving a large amount of in- 
formation as to the solubilities of chemicals without sufficiently em- 
phasizing the small part that is of practical importance. 

Ammonium, Potassium, and Sodium. — The salts of these are 
soluble, so need cause no fear that they will be precipitated. 

Lithium. — Soluble except the oxide and carbonate, which are 
sparingly soluble, and the phosphate, which is insoluble. 



INCOMPATIBILITY. 403 

Magnesium. — Seldom prescribed in solution except the citrate 
and sulphate, which are freely soluble and usually not ordered 
with other chemicals. 

The insoluble oxide is often ordered in suspension. 

The acetate, chloride, citrate, iodide, nitrate, sulphate and sulphide are 
soluble; so care need be used only when prescribing with acids or salts that 
will form other combinations. 

Calcium, Barium, Strontium. — Xot often used in solution ex- 
cept the soluble calcium chloride, this being unassociated with 
other chemicals, and strontium bromide and iodide, which are 
soluble and are usually prescribed alone or with other bromides 
or iodides. 

The important soluble salts are the acetates, bromides, chlorides, citrates, 
iodides, nitrates, and sulphides ; so care should be used as to other com- 
binations. 

Zinc, Manganese, and Copper. — Seldom prescribed in solution 
except as follows : 

Zinc as the soluble acetate, chloride, or sulphate, which are used 
alone or with other acetates, chlorides, or sulphates. 

Manganese as potassium permanganate, which is soluble and not 
often used with other chemicals. 

Copper as copper sulphate, which is soluble and used alone or with 
other sulphates. 

The soluble salts of interest are the acetates, bromides, chlorides, citrates, 
iodides, nitrates, and sulphates ; so care should be used where other com- 
binations might be formed. 

Mercury. — Seldom prescribed in solution except the soluble 
corrosive chloride which is often ordered with potassium iodide 
in excess, forming the soluble potassiomercuric iodide. The cor- 
rosive chloride is also prescribed in solution with ammonium 
chloride or tartaric acid. Mercury is sometimes ordered in an 
insoluble form in water by prescribing the mild chloride or the 
corrosive chloride with lime-water. 

Insoluble salts, as the salicylate, are sometimes used suspended in 
oil for hypodermic medication. 

Mercuric acetate, bromide, chloride, citrate, nitrate, and sulphate are 
soluble. Mercurous salts are insoluble. 

Iron. — With a few exceptions, iron salts are not often ordered 
in solution with active chemicals. The principal source of 



404 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 

trouble is prescribing ferric salts with vegetable drugs containing 
tannic acid, when a dark-colored precipitate is formed. Salicy- 
lates also give a strong color reaction. 

The tincture of ferric chloride is frequently prescribed with potas- 
sium chlorate with an excess of water and with the solution of 
potassium arsenite. The tendency is and should be to prescribe iron 
in dry form or. when given in solution, to use it alone. Exceptions 
to this are the iron hypophosphite and glycerophosphate in the com- 
pound preparations, and the scale salts as in the elixir of iron, 
quinine and strychnine, wine of iron, etc. The insoluble reduced iron 
is sometimes ordered with alkaloidal quinine suspended in a heavy 
syrup. 

The more important soluble salts are the acetate, bromide, chloride, iodide, 
nitrate, sulphate ; the scale salts — the citrate, soluble phosphate, pyrophos- 
phate, iron and ammonium citrate, iron and ammonium tartrate, iron and 
potassium tartrate, iron and quinine citrate, soluble iron and quinine citrate, 
iron and strychnine citrate, and the double crystalline salt iron and ammonium 
sulphate. Particular care should be exercised against the formation of the 
insoluble hydroxide or carbonate. 

Silver. — The nitrate is the only inorganic salt often used in 
solution, and should be employed alone or with nitric acid or 
some other nitrate. 

Organic combinations, as argyrol, protargol, etc., are frequently 
used in solution, but are prescribed alone. 

The nitrate and sulphate are soluble. 

Lead. — Seldom prescribed in solution except as the acetate, 
which is not usually associated with other agents except the tinc- 
ture of opium or zinc sulphate, the resulting precipitate to be sus- 
pended by shaking before using. 

The acetate and nitrate are soluble. 

Bismuth. — With the exception of the double salt, bismuth and 
ammonium citrate, none of the common salts of bismuth are 
soluble. They are frequently prescribed in liquids to be sus- 
pended by shaking when used. 

Antimony. — The only salt of much interest to the prescriber 
for use in solution is the soluble double salt antimony and potas- 
sium tartrate. The quantity used is comparatively so small that 
it is not often a source of trouble from a chemical standpoint. 
The simple salts of antimony may be regarded as generally 
insoluble. 



^COMPATIBILITY. 405 

Arranged by Acids. 

Acetates and Nitrates. — Generally soluble except bismuth sub- 
nitrate; so the prescriber need not worry about an acetate or 
nitrate being precipitated. 

Bromides, Chlorides, and Iodides. — Generally soluble except 
silver, mercurous, lead, and bismuth; with these exceptions the 
prescriber need not expect a precipitate from the metallic agents 
in common use. It should be remembered that iodides and bro- 
mides precipitate alkaloidal salts. 

Sulphates. — Generally soluble except barium, calcium, lead, 
and strontium. 

Tartrates and Citrates. — Mostly soluble. 

Lactates, Hypophosphites, and Nitrites. — Soluble or slightly 
soluble. 

Arsenates. Carbonates. Oxalates. 

Arsenites. Hydrates. Phosphates. 

Borates. Oxides. 

These are mostly insoluble, or sparingly so, except those of am- 
monium, potassium, and sodium. Those of lithium are soluble or 
slightly soluble. 

Salicylates. Sulphates. Valerates. 

These salts that are in more common use are soluble, but they are 
seldom prescribed in solution with other chemicals. Mercury salicy- 
late is insoluble and is often prescribed in suspension. 

Tannates may be considered as generally insoluble, though 
the tannic acid in vegetable drugs is not a common source of 
trouble except with ferric and some alkaloidal salts. 

(b) Precipitation of Alkaloids and Alkaloidal Salts by 
Chemical Action. — As a general rule alkaloids should not be pre- 
scribed with hydroxides, carbonates, iodine, iodides, bromides, 
borates, or tannic acid. The presence of glycerin or alcohol in 
sufficient per cent. (10 to 50) will prevent precipitation in the 
majority of instances. With a few exceptions it is not often that 
a prescriber will want to combine an alkaloid with these 
chemicals. 

The alkaloids in the various tinctures need seldom be considered 
as possible factors in precipitation. 

Morphine or codeine may sometimes be desirable with the bro- 
mides. The hydrobromides of these are soluble ; so these mixtures 
seldom precipitate. 



406 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 

Cocaine is sometimes ordered with boric acid or borates. The 
presence of glycerin will prevent precipitation. 

Compound tincture of cinchona is prescribed with potassiomer- 
curic iodide. The alcohol present prevents the precipitation of the 
small amount of quinine. 

(c) Precipitation Due to Other Causes. — There are some in- 
stances of the precipitation of other than metallic and alkaloidal 
substances by chemical action, but they are seldom encountered in 
the regular course of prescription writing. Gelatinous precipi- 
tates will be treated elsewhere. 

The majority of the trouble coming in this division of the sub- 
ject results from adding to a solid in solution a liquid in which the 
solid is insoluble. 

Gums. — These are soluble in water, but insoluble in alcohol. 
A most common instance is adding an alcoholic liquid to acacia 
in aqueous solution. 

Resins. — These are soluble in alcohol, but insoluble in water. 
Common examples are adding aqueous liquids to tincture of 
asafetida, tincture of guaiac, tincture of myrrh, etc. 

A large per cent, of fluidextracts will precipitate either gums or 
resins when treated with a liquid of materially different alcoholic 
strength. 

Among the drugs soluble in alcohol and insoluble or sparingly soluble in 
water are : acetanilide, acetphenetidin, benzoic acid, betanaphthol, camphor, 
monobromated camphor, iodine, menthol, methyl salicylate, phenyl salicylate, 
terpin hydrate, thymol, alkaloids. 

Care should, therefore, be used in prescribing alcoholic solutions 
of these substances with aqueous liquids. 

Salts, both of metals and alkaloids, are usually much more solu- 
ble in water than in alcohol. 

Among those soluble in water and almost entirely insoluble in alcohol are : 
alum, tartar emetic, arsenic trioxide, double salts of iron, iron phosphate, 
iron sulphate, lithium citrate, magnesium sulphate, potassium bicarbonate, 
potassium carbonate, potassium chlorate, potassium citrate, potassium and 
sodium tartrate, sugar, milk sugar, sodium borate, sodium carbonate, sodium 
chloride, sodium citrate, sodium nitrite, sodium phosphate, sodium sulphate, 
zinc sulphate. 

It should be remembered that considerable water can usually be 
added to an alcoholic solution or alcohol to an aqueous solution with- 
out precipitation. 



INCOMPATIBILITY. 407 

II. Evolution of a Gas. 

The most common instances are the evolution of carbon dioxide 
when a carbonate or bicarbonate and an acid or acid salt are brought 
together in solution. This action is often desirable either to give the 
patient a freshly formed salt or to have the agents dispensed in a 
liquid charged with carbonic acid. 

Examples of intentional mixtures of this class are prescriptions 
for salicylic acid and sodium bicarbonate or the formulae for the 
preparation of the solution of potassium citrate, solution of am- 
monium acetate, solution of magnesium citrate, seidlitz powders, etc. 

A common example of the unintentional prescription of this class 
is ordering ammonium carbonate and syrup of squills. 

Gas may be liberated with explosive violence when strong oxidiz- 
ing and easily oxidizable substances are brought together. 

Potassium chlorate should not be prescribed with easily oxidizable 
substances if trituration is necessary. 

It should not be prescribed with sulphuric acid or with hydro- 
chloric acid or glycerin except in the presence of considerable water. 

Spirit of nitrous ether should not be prescribed with substances 
containing tannic acid, as undesirable nitric oxide gas is evolved. 

Nitric acid should not be prescribed with glycerin or other easily 
oxidizable substances. 

Sulphuric acid should not be prescribed with chlorates. 

Glycerin should not be rubbed with dry oxidizing agents, as 
potassium chlorate, potassium permanganate, etc. 

Iodine should not be prescribed with oil of turpentine in concen- 
tration. It should not be ordered with ammonia water (to make the 
so-called colorless tincture of iodine), as explosions may occur after 
evaporation of the liquid. 

Chromium trioxide is a strong, oxidizing agent. It is seldom used 
by the general practitioner. It should be used alone. 

III. Separation of an Immiscible Liquid. 

(a) The Result of Chemical Action. — The only common ex- 
ample of this is the separation of the oily chloral alcoholate when 
hydrated chloral is dissolved in a strongly alcoholic liquid. 

(b) Due to Physical Incompatibility. — Most oils are readily 
soluble in or miscible with alcohol, and only sparingly so with 
water. When, therefore, an alcoholic solution of an oil has water 



408 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 

added to it in sufficient quantity, more or less of the oil separates, 
producing, first, a cloudy or milky appearance, then collecting as 
a separate strata. 

Alcoholic solutions that are particularly liable to this action are aromatic 
spirit of ammonia, spirit of orange, spirit of lemon, spirit of peppermint, 
spirit of camphor, camphorated tincture of opium, etc. 

IV. Formation of a Gelatinous Mass. 

The most common examples are : ordering phenol with collodion 
or albumin, or an equeous solution of acacia with alcohol, ferric salts, 
or strong solutions of borates or lead subacetate. 

V. Incomplete Solutions. 

This constitutes one of the most common sources of trouble with 
which the pharmacist has to contend. 

A physician may prescribe insoluble or sparingly soluble sub- 
stances to be dissolved in liquid, as bismuth subnitrate in water. 

Sometimes a moderately soluble substance is prescribed in excess, 
as in ordering for a 2-f§ aqueous solution 1 5 of boric acid. 

Sometimes too small an amount of the solvent is used, as wishing 
to give 2 grains of quinine hydrobromide in solution at a dose, to 
prescribe it 2 grains to the teaspoonful. The solvent should be in- 
creased so as to represent the two grains to two teaspoonfuls. 

Often the wrong solvent is ordered, as prescribing alkaloidal or 
metallic salts in alcohol instead of aqueous liquids in which they are 
more soluble. 

VI. Immiscibility. 

The most common examples are prescribing oils with aqueous 
liquids. 

Incompatibility in Solids. 

I. Chemical Changes. — Dry medicinal agents are not so apt to 
undergo chemical 'changes and the possibility of such occurring 
need not often be a cause of apprehension. The following, how- 
ever, may well be remembered : 

Chemical changes may take place after the agents have been dis- 
solved in the fluids of the intestinal tract ; so drugs that in solution 
would form poisonous or inert compounds should not be prescribed 



INCOMPATIBILITY. 409 

together even in dry form. Examples are calomel and potassium 
bromide or silver nitrate and sodium chloride. 

Agents apt to explode when rubbed together should not be pre 
scribed, as potassium chlorate and tannic acid. 

Certain salts when mixed with certain other agents liberate water 
of crystallization. The most common example is iron sulphate with 
alkaline carbonates. 

II. Undesirable Pharmaceutical Mixtures. — Some drugs when 
mixed develop excessive moisture. The following should usually 
not be prescribed together in dry form : 

Camphor, menthol, thymol, hydrated chloral, citric acid, sodium 
phosphate. 

The above should not usually be prescribed in dry form with 
acetanilide, antipyrine, acetphenetidin, sodium salicylate, phenyl- 
salicylate, resorcin, betanaphthol, diuretin, sulphonal, trional. 

There are, of course, some minor exceptions in the foregoing. 

In ointments, aqueous liquids should not be ordered with oily or 
fatty bases, as tincture of opium- or solution of lead subacetate with 
petrolatum. 

Therapeutic Incompatibility. 

This is the condition resulting where agents are prescribed to- 
gether that have an antagonistic therapeutic effect. The considera- 
tion of this belongs to the realms of therapeutics. Therapeutic in- 
compatibility is not always undesirable. Where an agent affects 
several organs, another agent may be employed with it that modifies 
or counteracts its effect upon one or more of these parts and leaves 
its action on the others more or less uninfluenced. When an agent 
has two or more different actions, another agent may be employed 
with it that will modify or counteract one or more of these effects 
without materially interfering with its other action. 

Atropine is often ordered with morphine or opium with calomel. 

As general examples of therapeutic incompatibility might be men- 
tioned prescribing stimulants with depressants, purgatives with 
astringents, etc. 



410 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 

Table of Relative Value of Weights axd Measures. 1 



Weights, 


Metric 


Measures, 


Weights, 


Metric 


Measures, 


Old Form. 


Weight and 
Measure. 


Old Form. 


Old Form. 


Weight and 
Measure. 


Old Form. 






Fluidounces 






Fluidounces 


Grains. 


Gm. or Cc. 


and 


Grains. 


Gm. or Cc. 


and 






fractions. 






fractions. 


15432.4 


1000 


33.814 


6845.9 


443.606 


15 


14660.7 


950 


32.123 


6389.5 


414.032 


14 


14604.5 


946.358 


32 


6172.9 


400 


13.526 


14148.2 


916.875 


31 


5933.1 


384.458 


13 


13889.1 


900 


30.432 


5476.7 


354.884 


12 


13691.8 


887.211 


30 


5401.3 


350 


11.835 


13235.0 


857.637 


29 


5020.3 


325.311 


11 


13117.5 


850 


28.742 


4629.7 


300 


10.144 


12779.0 


828.064 


28 


4563.9 


295.737 


10 


12345.0 


800 


27.051 


4107.5 


266.163 


9 


12322.6 


798.490 


27 


3858.1 


250 


8.453 


11866.2 


768.916 


26 


3651.1 


236.590 


8 


11574.3 


750 


25.360 


3194.7 


207.016 


7 


11409.8 


739.343 


25 


3086.5 


200 


6.763 


10953.4 


709.769 


24 


2738.4 


177.442 


6 


10802.6 


700 


23.670 


2314.9 


150 


5.072 


10497.0 


680.195 


23 


2282.0 


147.869 


5 


10040.6 


650.621 


22 


1929.0 


125 


4.227 


9584.2 


621.048 


21 


1825.5 


118.285 


4 


9259.4 


600 


20.288 


1543.2 


100 


3.381 


9127.8 


591.474 


20 


1388.9 


90 


3.043 


8671.4 


561.900 


19 


1369.2 


88.721 


3 


8487.8 


550 


18.598 


1234.6 


80 


2.705 


8215.1 


532.327 


18 


1157.4 


75 


2.536 


7758.7 


502.753 


17 


1080.3 


70 


2.367 


7716.2 


500 


16.907 


925.9 


60 


2.029 


7302.3 


473.179 


16 


912.8 


59.147 


2 


7000.0 


453.592 


15.338 


771.6 


50 


1.691 


6944.6 


450 


15.216 


617.3 


40 


1.353 






Minims. 






Minims. 


480 


31.103 


504.8 


47.5 


3.081 


50 


463 


30 


486.9 


46.3 


3 


48.7 


456.392 


29.573 


480 


45 


2.916 


47.3 


447.5 


29 


470.7 


42.8 


2.773 


45 


432.1 


28 


454.5 


40 


2.592 


42.1 


420 


27.216 


441.7 


38.03 


2.464 


40 


416.7 


27 


438.2 


35 


2.268 


36.8 


401.2 


26 


422 


33.3 


2.156 


35 


400 


25.920 


420.7 


30.9 


2 


32.5 


399.3 


25.877 


420 


30 


1.944 


31.6 


385.8 


25 


405.8 


28.5 


1.848 


30 


370.4 


24 


389.5 


25 


1.620 


26.3 


360 


23.328 


378.6 


23.8 


1.540 


25 


354.9 


23 


373.3 


20 


1.296 


21.03 


342.3 


22.180 


360 


19.02 


1.232 


20 


339.5 


22 


357.1 


15.432 


1 


16.2 


324.1 


21 


340.8 


15.2 


0.986 


16 



1 Condensed from Remington's "Practice of Pharmacy. 



WEIGHTS AND MEASURES. 

Table of Relative Value of Weights and Measures. 



411 



Weights, 


Metric 


Measures, 


Weights, 


Metric 


Measures, 


Old Form. 


Weight and 
Measure. 


Old Form. 


Old Form. 


Weight and 
Measure. 


Old Form. 


Grains. 


Gin. or Cc. 


Minims. 


Grains. 


Gm. or Cc. 


Minims. 


308.6 


20 


324.6 


15 


0.972 


15.8 


300 


19.440 


315.5 


14.3 


0.924 


15 


293.2 


19 


308.4 


14 


0.907 


14.7 


285.2 


18.483 


300 


13.3 


0.863 


14 


277.8 


18 


292.2 


13 


0.842 


13.7 


262.4 


17 


275.9 


12.4 


0.801 


13 


246.9 


16 


259.7 


12 


0.778 


12.6 


240 


15.552 


252.4 


11.6 


0.75 


12.2 


231.5 


15 


243.4 


11.4 


0.739 


12 


228.2 


14.787 


240 


11 


0.713 


11.6 


216.1 


14 


227.2 


10.5 


0.678 


11 


200.6 


13 


211 


10 


0.648 


10.5 


185.2 


12 


194.8 


9.5 


0.616 


10 


180 


11.664 


189.3 


9 


0.583 


9.5 


171.1 


11.090 


180 


8.6 


0.555 


9 


169.8 


11 


178.5 


8 


0.518 


8.4 


154.3 


10 


162.3 


7.7 


0.5 


8.1 


138.9 


9 


146.1 


7.6 


0.493 


8 


123.5 


8 


129.8 


7 


0.454 


7.4 


120 


7.776 


126.2 


6.7 


0.431 


7 


114.1 


7.393 


120 


6 


0.389 


6.3 


108 


7 


113.6 


5.7 


0.370 


6 


100 


6.480 


105.2 


5 


0.324 


5.3 


92.6 


6 


97.4 


4.8 


0.308 


5 


90 


5.832 


94.7 


4 


0.259 


4.2 


80 


5.184 


84.1 


3.8 


0.246 


4 


77.2 


5 


ai.2 


3 


0.194 


3.2 


70 


4.536 


73.6 


2.9 


0.185 


3 


61.7 


4 


64.9 


2 


0.130 


2.1 


60 


3.888 


63.1 


1.9 


0.123 


2 


57 


3.697 


60 S 


1 


0.065 


1.0517 


50 


3.240 


52.6 


0.9508 


0.06161 


1 



Table of Abbreviations, Words, and Phrases. 1 



Word or Phrase. 


Abbrev 


iation. 


Meaning. 


Acerbus 






Sour 


Ad 


Ad 




To, up to 


Adde 


Add. 




Add 


Ad libitum 


Ad lib. 




At pleasure 


Admove 


Admov. 




Apply 


Agita 


Agit. 




Shake 


Albus 


Alb. 




White 


Alter 






The other 








Every other hour 









i Condensed from Remington's "Practice of Pharmacy.' 



412 



PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 
Table of Abbreviations, Words, and Phrases. 



Word or Phrase. 



Amplus 

Ana 

Ante 

Aqua bulliens 

Aqua communis 

Aqua fervens 

Aqua fluviatilis 

Aqua fontalis 

Aqua marina 

Aqua pluviatilis 

Bene 

Bibe 

Bis 

Bis in die 

Bolus 

Bonus 

Brevis 

Bulliat, bulliant 

Capiat 

Caute 

Charta 

Charta cerata 

Chartula 

Cibus 

Cochlear or cochleare 

Cochleare amplum 

Cochleare medium 

Cochleare parvum 

Coctio 

Cola 

Colentur 

Coletur 

Collutorium 

Collyrium 

Confectio 

Congius 

Contere 

Contra 

Coque 

Cortex 

Cras, Crastinus 

Cum 

Decanta 

Decern 

Decubitus 

Diebus alternis 

Diebus tertiis 

Dilue, Dilutus 

Dividatur in partes 

sequales 
Dividendus 
Dolor 
Donee 



Abbreviation. 



A., aa. 



Aq. bull. 
Aq. comm. 
Aq. ferv. 
Aq. fluv. 
Aq. font. 
Aq. mar. 
Aq. pluv. 



Bib. 



Bis in d. 
Bol. 



Bull. 
Cap. 



Chart. 
Chart, cerat. 



Coch. 

Coch. amp. 
Coch. med. 

Coch. parv. 

Coct. 

Col. 

Colent. 

Colet 

Collut. 

Collyr., Coll. 

Conf. 

Cong. 



Coq. 

Cort. 

Crast. 

C. 

Dec. 



Decub. 

Dieb. alt. 

Dieb. tert. 

DiL 

D. in p. seq. 



Meaning. 



Large 

Of each 

Before 

Boiling water 

Common water 

Hot water 

River-water 

Spring-water 

Sea- water 

Rain-water 

Well 

Drink 

Twice 

Twice a day 

A large pill 

Good 

Short 

Let boil 

Let him (or her) take 

Cautiously 

Paper 

Waxed oaper 

Small paper 

Food 

A spoonful 

A tablespoonful 

A dessertspoonful (about 2 

fluidrachms) 
A teaspoonful (about 1 flui- 

drachm) 
Boiling 
Strain 

Let them be strained 
Let it be strained 
A mouth-wash 
An eye-wash 
Confection 
A gallon 
Rub together 
Against 
Boil 

The bark 
Tomorrow 
With 
Pour off 
Ten 

Lying down 
Every other day 
Every third day 
Dilute (thou\ diluted 
Let it be divided into equal parts 



To be divided 
Pain 

Until 



ABBREVIATIONS, ETC. 
Table of Abbreviations, Words, and Phrases. 



413 



Word or Phrase. 

Electuarium 

Enema 

Et 

Extend 

Fac, fiat, fiant 

Febris 

Fiat cataplasma 

Fiat emulsio 

Fiat gargarisma 

Fiat massa 

Fiat mistura 

Fiat pulvis 

Fiat secundum artis 

regulas 
Fiat solutio 
Fiat suppositorium 
Fiat unguentum 
Filtra 
Flavus 
Folius 
Gargarisma 
Gratus 
Gutta 
Haustus 
Herba 
Hora 

Hora decubitus 
Hora somni 
Idem 
In dies 
Injectio 
Inter 

Involve gelatina 
Lac 

Mas-nus 
Mane 
Massa 
Minimum 
Misce 

Ne tradas sine nummo 
Non 

Non repetatur 
Numerus 
Octarius 
Omni hora 
Omni mane 
Omni nocte 
Ovum 
Pabulum 
Panis 

Pars, partis 
Partes sequales 
Parvus 
Pectus 
Pes 



Abbreviation. 



Elect. 



F., ft. 



Ft. cataplasm. 
Ft. emuls. 
Ft. garg. 
Ft. massa 
Ft. mist. 
Ft. pulv. 
F. s. a. r. 



Ft. solut. 
Ft. suppos. 
Ft. unsr. 



Flav. 

Fol. 

Gar-?. 



Gtt. 
Haust. 



H. 

H. d. 

H. s. or Hor. som. 



In d. 



Ma< 



M. or Min. 

M. 

Ne tr. s. num. 

Non. rep. 

No. 

O. 

Omn. Bora 



P. se. 



Meaning. 



An electuary 

An enema, a clvster 

And 

Spread 

Make 

Fever 

Make a poultice 

Make an emulsion 

Make a gargle 

Make a mass 

Make a mixture 

Make a powder 

Let it be made according to the 

rules of art. 
Make a solution 
Make a suppository 
Make an ointment 
Filter 
Yellow 
A leaf 
A gargle 
Pleasant 
A drop 
A draught 
A herd 
An hour 

At the hour of going to bed 
Just before going to sleep 
The same 

From day to day. Daily 
An injection 
Between 

Coat with gelatin 
Milk 
Large 

In the morning 
A mass 
A minim 
Mix 

Do not deliver unless paid 
Not 

Do not repeat 
Number 
A pint 
Every hour 
Every morning 
Every night 
An egg 

Food. Nourishment 
Bread 
A part 
Equal parts 
Little 

The breast 
The foot 



414 



PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 

Table of Abbreviations, Wofds, axd Phrases. 



Word or Phrase. 



Placebo 

Pondere 

Pone aurem 

Post cibo 

Potus 

Primus 

Pro re nata 

Pulvis. Pulverizatus 

Quantum sufficiat 

Quaque 

Quaque hora 

Quartus 

Quater 

Quinque 

Quintus 

Recipe 

Repetatur 

Repetantur 

Secundum artem 

Secundus 

Semis 

Septem 

Sex 

Sextus 

Siccus 

Signa 

Simul 

Sine 

Sit 

Solve 

Somnus 

Spissus 

Subinde 

Succus 

Supra 

Talis 

Ter 

Tere 

Ter in die, or Ter die 

Tertius 

Tres 

Tritnra 

Ubi 

Una 

Uncia 

Ungfuilla 

Ut dictum 

Veniculum 

Vel 

Verus 

Vitellus 



Abbreviation. 



P. r. n. 
Pulv. 
O. s. 
Q. q. 



3 

Rept. 
Rept. 
S. a. 



Ss. 



Sis. 



Ter. 

T. i. d., or T. d. 



Trit. 



Ut diet. 



Meaning. 



To please, satisfy 

By weight 

Behind the ear 

After eating 

Drink 

The first 

Occasionally 

A powder, powdered 

As much as is sufficient 

Each or every 

Each hour 

Fourth 

Four times 

Five 

The fifth 

Take 

Let it be repeated. Let then; be 

repeated 
According to art 
Second 
A half 
Seven 
Six 
Sixth 

Dry. Dried 
Mark thou 
Together 
Without 
Let it be 
Dissolve 
Sleep 

Dense, hard 
When the boiling is nearly 

finished. 
Juice, sap 
Above 

Such, like this 
Three times 
Rim 

Three times a day 
Third 
Three 
Triturate 
Where, whenever 
Together 
An ounce 
An ointment box 
As directed 
A vehicle 
Or 

True, genuine 
Yolk 



DROPS AND WEIGHT OF FLUIDRACHM. 



415 



Table Exhibiting the Number of Drops in a Fluidrachm of Different 
Liquids, with the Weight in Grains and Grammes. 1 



Name 



Acetum Opii 

Sanguinarise 

Scillas 

Aciduria Aceticuni .... 

Aceticuni Dilutum . 

Carbolicum 

Hydrochloricurn .... 

Hydrochlor. Diluturn 

Hydrocyanicum Dil. 

Lacticum 

Nitricum 

Nitricum Diluturn . . 

Nitrohydrochloricurn. 
• Phosphoricurn Dil... 

Sulphuricum 

Sulphuricurn Aroruat. 

Sulphuricum Dilutum 

Sulphurosum 

^Ether 

Alcohol 

Dilutum 

Aqua 

Ammonias Fortier . . 

Destillata 

Balsamum Peruvlanum 

Bromum 

Chloroformum 

Copaiba 

Creosotum 

Fluidextract. Belladon. 

Buchu 

Cimicifugas 

Cinchonas 

Colchici Radicis .... 

Colchici Seminis .... 

Conii 

Digitalis 

Ergotas 

Gelsemii 

Glycyrrhizas 

Hyoscyami 

Ipecacuanhas 

Pareiras 

Rhei 

Sarsaparilla? Comp... 

Senegas 

Serpentarias 

Uva? Ursi 

Valerianae 

Veratri Viridis 

Zingiberis 

Glycerinum 

Hydrargyrum 

Liquor Acidi Arsenosi. 

Ammonii Acetatis . . 

Arseni et Hydrargyri 
Iodidi 

Ferri Chloridi 

Citratis 

Nitratis 

Subsulphat's . 
Tersulphatis . 



Ferri 
Ferri 
Ferri 
Ferri 



1 


Weight of foj 


Drops 






in foj 










(60 m.) 


in gr. 


in Gm. 


90 


61 


3.95 


78 


55% 


3.59 


68 


57 


3.69 


108 


58 


3.75 


68 


55 


3.56 


111 


59 


3.82 


70 


65 


4.21 


60 


56 


3.62 


60 


54 


3.49 


111 


66 


4.27 


102 


77 


4.98 


60 


58 


3.62 


76 


66 


4.27 


59 


57 


3.69 


128 


101 


6.54 


146 


53 


3.43 


60 


58% 


3.79 


59 


55 


3.56 


176 


39 


2.52 


146 


44 


2.85 


137 


49 


3.17 


60 


55 


3.56 


66 


50 


3.24 


60 


53% 


3.46 


101 


60 


3.88 


250 


165 


10.69 


250 


80 


5.18 


110 


51 


3.30 


122 


56% 


3.66 


156 


57 


3.69 


150 


47% 


3.07 


147 


48 


3.11 


138 


58 


3.75 


160 


57 


3.69 


158 


55 


3.56 


137 


61 


3.95 


134 


62 


4.01 


133 


60 


3.88 


149 


49 


3.14 


133 


61 


3.95 


160 


59 


3.82 


120 


60 


3.88 


140 


57 


3.72 


158 


61 


3.95 


134 


60 


3.88 


137 


62 


4.01 


148 


47 


3.07 


137 


60 


3.88 


150 


49 


3.17 


150 


50 


3.24 


142 


48 


3.11 


67 


68 


4.40 


150 


760 


49.24 


75 


56 


3.62 


57 


55 


3.56 


58 


55 


3.56 


71 


72 


4.66 


71 


72 


4.66 


59 


59 


3.82 


73 


83 


5.37 


83 


72 


4.66 



Name 



Liquor Hydrarg. Nit.. 

Iodi Compositus .... 

Plumbi Subacetatis.. 

Potass. Hydroxidi . . 

Potassii Arsenitis . . . 

Sodas Chlorinatas . . 

Zinci Chloridi 

Oleoresina Aspidii ... 

Capsici 

Cubebas 

Oleum -^Ethereuni 

Amygdalas Amaras . . 

Amygdala? Expres. . 

Anisi 

Bergamottas 

Cari 

Caryophylli 

Cinnamomi 

Copaibas 

Cubebas 

Fosniculi 

Gaultherias 

Juniperi 

Lavandulae 

Limonis 

Menthas Piperitas . . . 

Ricini 

Rosas 

Rosmarini 

Sassafras 

Terebinthinas 

Tiglii 

Spiritus yEther. Comp. 

^Etheris Nitrosi 

Ammonias Aromat. . 

Camphoras 

Chloroformi 

Menthas Piperitas . . . 
Syrupus 

Acacias 

Ferri Iodidi 

Scillas 

Scillas Compositus . . 

Senegas 

Tinctura Aconiti 

Belladonna? Fol 

Benzoini Composita. 

Cantharidis 

Cinchonas Comp. ... 

Digitalis 

Ferri Chloridi 

Iodi 

Nucis Vomica? 

Opii 

Opii Camphorata . . . 

Opii Deodorati 

Valeriana? 

Veratri 

Zingiberis 

Vin. Colchici Radicis.. 

Colchici Seminis .... 

Opii 



Drops 
in f3j 
(60 m.) 



131 
63 
74 
62 
57 
63 
89 
130 
120 
123 
125 
115 
108 
119 
130 
132 
130 
126 
123 
125 
125 
125 
148 
138 
129 
129 
77 
132 
143 
133 
136 
104 
148 
146 
142 
143 
150 
142 
65 
44 
65 
75 
102 
106 
146 
137 
148 
131 
140 
128 
150 
148 
140 
130 
130 
110 
130 
145 
144 
107 
111 
100 



Weight of foj 



| 
in gr. in Gm. 



123 

59 

70 

58 

55 

62 

88 

52 

51 

52 

50 

55 

48% 

54 

46 

50 

57 

53% 

49% 

51 

53 

62 

49 

52 

47 

50 

51% 

47 

50 

58 

45% 

50 

45 

47 

48 

47 

48 

47 

72 

73 

77 

74 

70 

70 

46 

53 

48 

51 

49 

53 

53 

47 

44 

53 

52 

54 

52 

46 

46 

55 

54 

55 



7.97 
3.82 
4.53 
3.75 
3.56 
4.01 
5.70 
3.36 
3.30 
3.36 
3.24 



.24 

.69 

.46 

.20 

3.30 

3.43 

4.01 

3.17 

3.36 



2.94 
3.24 
2.91 



4.66 
4.73 
4.98 
4.79 
4.53 
4.53 
2.98 
3.43 
3.11 
3.33 
3.17 
3.43 
3.43 
3.04 
2.85 
3.43 
3.36 
3.49 
3.36 
2.98 
2.98 
3.56 
3.49 
3.56 



i Remington's "Practice of Pharmacy.' 



416 



PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 



Table of the Solubility of Official Substances 
ix Water and in Alcohol. 1 

Abbreviations: s. = soluble; ins. = insoluble; sp. = sparingly; v. s. = very soluble; 

aim. = almost; dec. = decomposed; r. s. = readily soluble; p. s. = partially soluble. 

One Part is Soluble In Water In Alcohol 

, _ A ^ _ A 

^77 2 ° 5 F C )" Boiling ^r° F C ) Boiling 

Parts Parts Parts Parts 

Acetanilidum 179 18 2.5 0.4 

Acetphenetidinum 925 70 12 2 

Acidum Benzoicum 281 15 1.8 1 

Boricum 18 3 15.3 4.3 

Camphoricum 125 10 r. s. — 

Citricum 0.54 0.4 1.55 1.43 

Gallicum 83.7 3 4.14 1 

Salicylicum 308 14 2 v. s. 

Stearicum ins. ins. 16.6 r. s. 

Tannicum 0.34 v. s. 0.23 v. s. 

Tartaricum 0.71 0.5 1.67 0.2 

Trichloraceticum v. s. dec. v. s. — 

Aconitina 3200 — 22 — 

Adeps ins. ins. v. sp. — 

/Ethylis Carbamas v. s. — 0.6 — 

Aloinum 65 — 10.75 — 

Alumen 9 0.3 ins. ins. 

Exsiccatum 17 1.4 ins. ins. 

Alumini Hydroxidum ins. ins. ins. ins. 

Sulphas 1 v. s. ins. ins. 

Ammonii Benzoas 10.5 1.2 25 7.6 

Bromidum 1.2 0.7 12.5 9 

Carbonas 4 dec. dec. dec. 

Chloridum 2 1 50 — 

Iodidum 0.6 0.43 9 3.7 

Salicylas 0.9 r. s. 2.3 1 

Valeras v. s. v. s. v. s. v. s. 

Antimonii et Potassii Tartras 15.5 3 ins. ins. 

Antipvrina v. s. — 1 — 

Apomorphinie Hydrochloridum .... 39.5 16(80°C.) 38.2 30(60° 

Argenti Cvanidnm ins. ins. ins. ins. 

Nitras 0.54 0.1 24 5 

Nitras Fusus 0.54 0.1 24 5 

Oxidum v. sp. v. sp. ins. ins. 

Arseni Iodidum 12 — 28 — 

Trioxidum 30-100 15 sp. — 

Atropine 450 86.7 (80° C.) 1.46 0.9(60° 

Atropine Sulphas 0.38 0.22 (80° C.) 3.7 1.9 (60° 

Benzinum ins. — 6 — 

Benzosulphinidum 250 24 25 — 

Betanaphthol 950 75 0.61 v. s. 

Bismuthi Citras ins. ins. ins. ins. 

et Ammonii Citras v. s. v. s. sp. sp. 

Subcarbonas ins. ins. ins. ins. 

Subgallas ins. ins. ins. ins. 

Subnitras aim. ins. aim. ins. ins. ins. 

Subsalicylas aim. ins. — — — 

Bromoformum v. sp. v. sp. v. s. v. s. 

Bromum 28 — — — 



C.) 



i Remington's "Practice of Pharmacy." 



SOLUBILITY OF OFFICIAL SUBSTANCES. 



417 



Solubility of Official Substances in Water and in Alcohol — Continued. 



One Part is Soluble 



Caffeina 

Calcii Bromidum 

Carbonas Praecipitatus 

Chloridum 

Hypophosphis 

Phosphas Praecipitatus 

Sulphas Exsiccatus 

Calx 

Camphora 

Monobromata 

Carbonei Disulphidum 

Cerii Oxalas 

Cetaceum 

Chloralformamidum 

Chloralum Hydratum 

Chromii Trioxidum 

Chrysarobinum 

Cinchonidinae Sulphas 

Cinchoninae Sulphas 

Cocaina 

Cocainae Hydrochloridum 

Codeina 

Codeinse Phosphas 

Sulphas 

Colchicina 

Creta Praeparata 

Cupri Sulphas 

Elaterinum 

Ferri Chloridum 

Citras 

et Ammonii Citras 

et Ammonii Sulphas 

et Ammonii Tartras 

et Potassii Tartras 

et Quininae Citras 

et Quininae Citras Solubilis .... 

et Strychninae Citras 

Hypophosphis 

Phosphas Solubilis 

Pyrophosphas Solubilis 

Sulphas 

Exsiccatus 

Granulatus 

Gelatinum 

Glycyrrhizinum Ammoniatum 

Guaiacol 

Guaiacolis Carbonas 

Hexamethylenamina 

Homatropinae Hydrobromidum .... 
Hydrargyri Chloridum Corrosivum. 

Chloridum Mite 

Iodidum Flavum 

Rubrum 

Oxidum Flavum 

Rubrum 



In 


Water 

A 


In 


Alcohol 


At 25° C. 
(77° F.) 


t 1 

Boiling 


At 25° C. 
(77° F.) 


Boiling 


Parts 


Parts 


Parts 


Parts 


45.6 


5.2 (80° C.) 


53.2 


17.1 (60° C.) 


0.5 


v. s. 


1 


v. s. 


aim. ins. 


aim. ins. 


ins. 


ins. 


1.3 


v. s. 


8 


1.5 


6.5 


6 


ins. 


ins. 


aim. ins. 


dec. 


ins. 


ins. 


378 


451 


ins. 


ins. 


760 


1600 


ins. 


ins. 


v. sp. 


v. sp. 


r. s. 


r. s. 


aim. ins. 


aim. ins. 


v. s. 


v. s. 


526 


— 


V. s. 


v. s. 


ms. 


ins. 


ins. 


ms. 


ins. 


ins. 


aim. ins 


50 


18.7 


— 


1.3 


— 


v. s. 


v. s. 


v. s. 


v. s. 


v. s. 


V. s. 


dec. 


dec. 


4812 


2170 (80° C.) 


308 


275 (60° C.) 


63 


21(80°C.) 


72 


32 (60° C.) 


58 


32(80°C.) 


10 


5.2 (60° C.) 


600 


260 (80° C.) 


5 


— 


0.4 


0.1 (80° C.) 


2.6 


1.4 (60° C.) 


88 


59(80°C.) 


1.6 


0.92 (60° C.) 


2.25 


0.46 (80° C.) 


261 


97(60°C.) 


30 


6.25 (80° C.) 


1035 


340 (60° C.) 


22 


20 (80° C.) 


v. s. 


v. s. 


aim. ins. 


aim. ins. 


ins. 


ins. 


2.2 


0.5 


400 


— 


ins. 


ins. 


262 


75 (60° C.) 


v. s. 


v. s. 


v. s. 


v. s. 


s. 


r. s. 


ins. 


ins. 


r. s. 


r. s. 


ins. 


ms. 


2.7 


0.8 


ins. 


ins. 


v. s. 


v. s. 


ms. 


ins. 


V. s. 


v. s. 


ins. 


ins. 


s. 


v. s. 


p. s. 


p. s. 


r. s. 


— 


p. s. 


— 


r. s. 


v. s. 


p. s. 


p. s. 


2300 


1200 






v. s. 


v. s. 


ins. 


ins. 


V. s. 


V. s. 


ms. 


ms. 


0.9 


0.3 


ins. 


ins. 


0.9 


0.3 


ins. 


ins. 


0.9 


0.3 


ins. 


ins. 


ms. 


s. 


ms. 


ms. 


r. s. 


r. s. 


r. s. 


r. s. 


53 


— 


v. s. 


v. s. 


ins. 


ins. 


48 


r. s. 


1.5 


1.5 


10 


8 


5.7 


— 


32.5 


8.7 (60° C.) 


13 


2 


3 


1.2 


ins. 


ins. 


ins. 


ms. 


aim. ins. 


aim. ins. 


ins. 


ins. 


aim. ins. 


aim. ins. 


116 


15 


aim. ins. 


aim. ins. 


ins. 


ins. 


aim. ins. 


aim. ins. 


ins. 


ins. 



27 



418 



PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 



Solubility of Official Substances in Water axd in Alcohol — Continued. 



One Part is Soluble 



Hydrargyrum Ammoniatum 

Hydrastina 

Hydrastininae Hydrochloridum . . 

Hyoscinse H\'drobromidum 

Hyoscyaminse Hydrobromidum . . 

Sulphas 

Iodoformum 

Iodolum 

Iodum 

Lithii Benzoas 

Bromidum 

Carbonas 

Citras 

Salicylas 

Magnesii Carbonas , 

Oxidum 

Ponderosum 

Sulphas 

Mangani Dioxidum Praecipitatum 

Hypophosphis 

Sulphas 

Menthol 

Methylis Salicylas 

Methylthioninae H\ r drochloridum 

Morphina 

Morphinae Acetas 

Hydrochloridum 

Sulphas 

Xaphthalenum 

Parafnnum 

Paraldehydum 

Pelletierinae Tannas 

Phenol 

Lique factum 

Phenylis Salicylas 

Phosphorus 

Physostigminae Salicylas 

Sulphas 

Pilocarpine Hydrochloridum 

Xitras 

Piperina 

Plumbi Acetas 

Iodidum 

Xitras 

Oxidum 

Potassii Acetas 

Bicarbonas 

Bitartras 

Bromidum 

Carbonas 

Chloras 

Citras 

Cyanidum 

Dichromas 

et Sodii Tartras 



In 


Water 


In Alcohol 




A 




A 


i 

At 25° C. 
(77° F.) 


1 

Boiling 


i 

At 25° C. 
(77° F.) 


1 

Boiling 


Parts 


Parts 


Parts 


Parts 


ins. 


ins. 


ins. 


ins. 


aim. ins 


. 4000 . 80° C.) 


135 


17 (60° C.) 


v. s. 


v. s. 


v. s. 


v. s. 


1.5 


— 


16 


1.3 (60° C.) 


V. s. 


V. s. 


2 


— 


V. s. 


V. s. 


6.4 


— 


9391 


— 


46.7 


12 


4900 


— 


9 


— 


5000 


— 


10 


— 


3 


2.5 


13 


10 


0.6 


0.3 


v. s. 


v. s. 


75 


140 


ins. 


ins. 


2 


15 


aim. ins. 


aim. ins. 


v. s. 


v. s. 


v. s. 


v. s. 


ins. 


ins. 


ins. 


ins. 


aim. ins. 


aim. ins. 


ins. 


ins. 


aim. ins. 


aim. ins. 


ins. 


ins. 


0.85 


0.13 


ins. 


ins. 


ins. 


ins. 


ins. 


ins. 


6.6 


6 


aim. ins. 


aim. ins. 


0.7 


0.53 


ins. 


ins. 


sp. s. 


— 


v. s. 


— 


sp. s. 


— 


v. s. 


— 


r. s. 


— 


s. 


— 


3330 


1040 (80° C.) 


168 


76 (60° C.) 


2.25 


2 (80° C.) 


21.6 


2.5 (60° C.) 


17.2 


0.5 (80° C.) 


42 


35.5 (60° C.) 


15.3 


0.6 (80° C.) 


465 


187 (60° C.) 


ins. 


— 


13 


v. s. 


ins. 


ins. 


ins. 


ins. 


8 


16.5 


— 


— 


235 


— 


12.6 


— 


19.6 


— 


v. s. 


— 


12 


— 


— 


— 


2333 


— 


5 


V. s. 


ins. 


ins. 


350 (15° C 


,) 240 


72.5 


15 (80° C.) 


12.7 


4 (60° C.) 


v. s. 


v. s. 


v. s. 


v. s. 


0.3 


— 


2.3 


1.1 (60° C.) 


4 


— 


60 


16 (60° C.) 


ins. 


ins. 


15 


4.4(60° C.) 


2 


0.5 


30 


1 


1300 


200 


v. sp. 


v. sp. 


1.85 


0.75 


aim. ins. 


aim. ins. 


aim. ins. 


aim. ins. 


ins. 


ins. 


0.4 


v. s. 


2 


v. s. 


3 


dec. 


aim. ins. 


aim. ins. 


200 


16.7 


v. sp. 


v. sp. 


1.5 


v. s. 


180 


16 


91 


0.65 


ins. 


ins. 


16 


1.7 


ins. 


ins. 


0.5 


V. s. 


sp. 


sp. 


2 


dec. 


sp. 


sp. 


9 


1.5 


ins. 


ins. 


1.2 


V. s. 


aim. ins. 


aim. ins. 



SOLUBILITY OF OFFICIAL SUBSTANCES. 



419 



One Part is Soluble 



Potassii Ferrocyanidum 

Hydroxidum 

Hypophosphis 

Iodidum 

Nitras 

Permanganas 

Sulphas 

Pyrogallol 

Quinina 

Quininoe Bisulphas 

Hydrobromidum 

Hydrochloridum 

Salicylas 

Sulphas 

Resorcinol 

Saccharum 

Lactis 

Salicinum 

Santoninum 

Sevum Praeparatum 

Sodii Acetas 

Arsenas 

Exsiccatus 

Benzoas 

Bicarbonas 

Bisulphis 

Boras 

Bromidum 

Carbonas Monohydratus 

Chloras 

Chloridum 

Citras 

Hydroxidum 

Hypophosphis 

Iodidum 

Nitras 

Nitris 

Phenolsulphonas 

Phosphas 

Pyrophosphas 

Salicylas 

Sulphas 2 

Sulphis 

Thiosulphas 

Sparteine Sulphas 

Strontii Bromidum 

Iodidum 

Salicylas 

Strychnina 

Strychninse Nitras 

Sulphas 

Sulphonethylmethanum 

Sulphonmethanum 

Sulphur Lotum 

Prsecipitatum 



JCES IN W 


ATER AND IN ALCOHOL 


Continued. 


In 


Water 


In 


Alcohol 


t 

At 25° C. 
(77° F.) 


Boiling 


At 25° C. 

(77° F.) 


Boiling 


Parts 


Parts 


Pa rts 


Parts 


4 


2 


ins. 


ins. 


04 


v. s. 


2 


v. s. 


0.5 


0.3 


7 


3.6 


0.7 


0.5 


12 


6 


3.6 


0.4 


v. sp. 


v. sp. 


15 


3 


dec. 


dec. 


9 


4 


ms. 


ins. 


1.6 


v. s. 


1 


v. s. 


1550 


775 (80° C.) 


0.6 


2 


8.5 


0.68 (80° C.) 


IS 


0.5 (60° C.) 


40 


3 (80° C.) 


0.67 


— 


18 


0.4 (80° C.) 


0.6 


v. s. 


77 


35 (80° C.) 


11 


11 (60° C.) 


720 


45 (80° C.) 


86 


9 (60° C.) 


0.5 


v. s. 


v. s. 


v. s. 


0.46 


0.2 


137.2 


28 


4.79 


1 


ins. 


ins. 


21 


3.3 (80° C.) 


71 


22 (60° C.) 


5300 


800 (80° C.) 


34 


5 (60° C.) 


ins. 


— 


— 


44 


1 


v. s. 


23 


v. s. 


1.2 


V. s. 


v. sp. 


aim. ins. 


3 


v. s. 


v. sp. 


aim. ins. 


1.6 


1.3 


43 


12 


12 


dec. 


ins. 


ms. 


3.5 


2 


70 


49 


20.4 


0.5 


ins. 


ins. 


1.7 


0.8 


12.5 


11 


2.9 


1.8 


ms. 


ms. 


1 


0.5 


100 


40 


2.8 


2.5 


aim. ins, 


aim. ins. 


1.1 


0.4 


sp. 


— 


1 


0.8 


v. s. 


v. s. 


1 


0.12 


25 


1 


0.5 


0.33 


3 


1.4 


1.1 


06 


100 


40 


1.4 


v. s. 


sp. 


sp. 


4.8 


0.7 


130 


10 


5.5 


— 


ms. 


ms. 


11.5 


1.1 


ms. 


ms. 


0.8 


v. s. 


5.5 


v. s. 


2.8 (15° C.) 0.47 


ms. 


ms. 


2 


1.4 


sp. 


sp. 


0.35 


dec. 


ms. 


ms. 


1.1 


— 


2.4 


— 


1 


0.4 


r. s. 


r. s. 


0.5 


0.27 


s. 


s. 


18 


3.5 


66 


10.5 


6400 


3000 (80° C.) 


110 


28 (60° C.) 


42 


8 (80° C.) 


120 


60 (60° C.) 


31 


6 (80° C.) 


65 


20 (60° C.) 


195 


r. s. 


r. s. 


— 


360 


15 


47 


2 


ins. 


ins. 


sp. 


sp. 


ins. 


ms. 


sp. 


sp. 



420 



PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 



Solubility of Official Substances in Water and in Alcohol — Concluded. 



One Part is Soluble 



Sulphur Sublimatum 

Sulphuris Iodidum 

Terebenum 

Terpini Hydras 

Thymol 

Thymolis Iodidum 

Vanillinum 

Veratrina 

Zinci Acetas 

Bromidum 

Carbonas Praecipitatus 

Chloridum 

Iodidum 

Oxidum 

Phenolsulphonas 

Stearas , 

Sulphas 

Valeras 



In 


Water 


In 


Alcohol 


r 

At 25° C. 
(77° F.) 


Boiling 


At 25° C. 
(77° F.) 


r i 
Boiling 


Parts 


Parts 


Parts 


Parts 


ins. 
aim. ins 


ins. 
dec. 


sp. 

dec. 


sp. 
dec. 


sp. 
200 


sp. 
32 


s. 
10 


s. 
2 


1100 


— 


v. s. 


v. s. 


ms. 

100 

1750 

2.5 


15 (80° C.) 
1300 (80° C.) 
1.5 


sp. 

r. s. 

2.2 

36 


0.6 


r. s. 


r. s. 


r. s. 


r. s. 


ins. 


ins. 


ins. 


ms. 


0.4 


— 


v. s. 


V. s. 


r. s. 


r. s. 


r. s. 


r. s. 


ms. 


ins. 


ms. 


ms. 


1.7 


0.3 


1.7 


0.56 


ins. 


ins. 


ms. 


ms. 


0.53 


0.2 


ins. 


ms. 


50 


— 


35 


— 



INTRODUCTION TO PART III. 



In the following pages, fifty prescriptions are given so ar- 
ranged as to illustrate the common errors of prescription writing. 
In each instance, also, the same prescription is shown, written 
just as it should be for delivery to the pharmacist. These pre- 
scriptions are selected from many thousands, and the intention 
is not only to point out pitfalls to the prescriber, but to give 
formulae of therapeutic merit ; to offer (with due apologies) 
a substantial formulary of stock prescriptions with the hope 
that the students in *his important field may daily build to this modest 
foundation, carefully working out every detail of each addition, until 
they are able to meet any emergency with all credit. 

It is earnestly urged that the student read each incorrect prescrip- 
tion with the criticisms and then try to write it correctly afterward, 
comparing his finished product with the correct copy given. 



(421) 



422 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 



Prescribed for a persistent cough with slight or no evident lesions. 
For jis^W^..-^^ 

* qX^L.(Qjuu, Co- 



«-*- T3'l 








General arrangement is imperfect. 

Tincture of opium compound is not the proper name for the remedy 
wanted. 

Spts. is not considered a good abbreviation for Spiritus. 

The camphor and oil of anise in the paregoric, and the chloroform in the 
spirit of chloroform, would be thrown out of solution. 

Final i is best made j in numerals. 



PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 423 






I _ P 









Xote the expression "when awake." Directions are usually understood to 
either mean during the day or during the entire twenty-four hours, regard- 
less. Many do not approve of waking patients for medicine except under 
pressing circumstances, but these directions instruct a dose to be given when 
the little patient is awakened by a paroxysm of coughing. 

Sodium bromide is often a good addition to this preparation. 



424 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 



For a "dry'' cough with some bronchial involvement and fever. 
For&Mo^. &M^J^>. (jl^p.) 



, 




Compare the appearance of the short abbreviations with more complete 
writing. 

Ether is not the correct writing of the official word. 

It is unnecessary to instruct the druggist to make a solution; he could 
not make anything else by mixing these ingredients. 

What would the patient think if the druggist carried out his orders and 
wrote the above directions on the label? 



PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 425 




7 / 

Qrt. 








'<(SLcj 



aaj&XLa, JLsuto^Lj (fn/u><- fvo-usvi. 




As this is an expectorant mixture it is not often indicated unless the 
child is old enough to expectorate. 

The spirit of nitrous ether is often omitted if there is no fever. 

Even a small dose of ipecac will frequently cause nausea ; so the pre- 
server should be on his guard. 



426 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 



Frequently used during the paroxysmal stage of whooping-cough 



For 






Margins should be observed. 

Antipyrine does not have the genitive ending i. It only comes in crystal- 
line form. 

The aromatic elixir would appear better written more completely, as the 
name above it is long. 

The character 3 calls for weight and not volume. 

The total quantity is too much for this class of remedy. 



PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 



427 



For 



[/Iawu^ t.Ql 



£ 




'Lea. 








As this is only to be used to control the paroxysms, a small amount 
should be ordered. 

Instructions are given that the prescription is not to be refilled, else the 
family may use it too long or in subsequent cases of cough when it would 
be inadvisable. 

Tincture of belladonna leaves is frequently added to the above. 

This should be given in water. 



428 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 



Prescribed for cough. 



For [DO** ^.J^.....^ 



- v r J 





VlX^L^L^*-^^^ 



^£-CXA-d 




Heroine is very sparingly soluble and not often stocked. The salt should 
be used. 

A carbonate is incompatible with the free acetic acid in syrup of ipecac. 

The abbreviation Ipecac, is too well understood by the laity, and nausea 
often occurs from the psychic effect of even a small dose. 

Periods should follow abbreviations. 



PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 429 



^yfou.jJ-Cl. /d**usru. 









Syrup of ipecac, contains free acetic acid; but in this instance the amount 
is small as compared with the carbonate. 

The carbonate can be used in this combination with the heroine and wild 
cherry alone, or apomorphine hydrochloride in about %0-grain doses. 

The full expectorant dose of the syrup of ipecac. (15 minims) is often 
not well tolerated. 



430 



PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 



Used in treating a "dry cough." 







\s 




vJl^i 



/ X^JL^LA-^-txjAeX 



-e<xJt^\xy Gu^yc 






I (JfLe^juL^fi 



Unusual proper names should be plainly written. 

The amount of the ingredient should be on a line with the name. 

The salt of apomorphine should be used, and the above dose will fre- 
quently produce nausea. 

If an error is made or a word erased for any reason, a new prescription 
should be written. 

A cough medicine is usually better administered at frequent intervals. 



PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 431 



For 




a,z.M 




~Zuj-o ~h.(KAAA., 



ft. 




When ordering expectorants, as apomorphine hydrochloride, ipecac, etc., 
even in small doses, it is well to advise the nurse as to the possibility of nau- 
sea, and to reduce the dose if necessary, otherwise they may not only pro- 
duce an undesired result, but it leads to a doubt as to the knowledge and 
judgment of the physician. 



432 



PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 



Prescribed for the headache, hiccough, etc., following acute alcoholism. 



For ...0^./3B& 



^ 4-S'T5Tnr 



% 




-£<l~*~\^u ^Cuj-6 



r~/^ -jt^xt^ 



The quantity is too large for an acute condition, as headache. 
Acetanilide does not take the ending <f. 
Citrated caffeine is not a salt. 

As a remedy of this type is only given until symptoms are relieved, it 
should be so specified. 

This should be taken in water. 



PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 433 




%. 

tuns %OMJ\A /aM^/JL /IUmu/juL< 




9u^./uA> 




OisiaA?. 



Attention is called to the rather unusual arrangement of the items in the 
inscription. 

To get a good solution the druggist must dissolve the acetanilide in the 
aromatic spirit of ammonia, and the other solids in the elixir and then mix 
the two solutions. 

The arrangement is to indicate that order. 



28 



434 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 



Used as a sedative in hysteria, convulsions, threatened abortion, etc 

For./k)£^(SkyM*£^^ 




*lrn ■— 



<i+jdt- 








The first item ordered is chloralum hydratum, the last word being an 
adjective and agreeing with the noun in case, etc. 

Hydrated chloral is incompatible with a strongly alcoholic solvent, as 
chloral alcoholate is formed. 

The vehicle should be Q. s. 

The directions are too long for the size label available. 



PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 435 



For filM.C Ml- 7%COi'^. 

j o-iLul, /\J/l frwvL, cUs , "P 77 



/\ 



/ILCuaJjuL, 

•OlrWtl 




Longer instructions than this for a 1-ounce bottle should be written on 
a separate sheet and left with patient or nurse. 

Aqua menthse piperita? or syrupus aurantii are pleasant vehicles for salts 
as the above. 

If it is undesirable to order as many as eight doses the quantity of the 
salts can be reduced by one-half, and two teaspoonfuls given at a dose. 



436 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 



Prescribed for the "mucous diarrhea" of childhood. 

For ...y^^Ar^. !feLi^i^fci=^-.L. J?^Z 



(&j . <^^^^l<^>a^^ / 




s 




c^-^ 





/^)jLu^^J^ 



Information as to age is incomplete. 

The sign " should never be used in prescription writing. 
A very short word is usually best not abbreviated. 

When one more letter will complete a word its omission indicates lack of 
information. 

The subscription is misplaced. 

The arrangement of the directions could be improved. 

Margins are not properly observed. 



PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 



437 






a, 



a 



AAsCU, 



-^A^ CLAs , 




clsvvwi> 



'.S • 







j^uaXtA/ ju/. 



^ r 



% 



c^my^ n,0~4sL / is / l 




PV^L/tl> 



This is frequently ordered to be taken after every action or every second 
action. 

Instructions should always be left as to just how much water must be 
used in diluting the dose. 

In the "acid intoxication" this is sometimes used with an increase in the 
amount of sodium bicarbonate, in which case more of the vehicle must be 
used or the vehicle made thicker and a shake label employed. 



438 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 



In a case of mucous diarrhea, after the intestinal tract had been cleansed 
by a purgative, the following was ordered. 



F 0r cltt^LlM^AidL 






AA^«JL. 




Oft. 




"Mrs. Bill" may not be considered respectful. 

The arrangement of the drugs is not good. 

Acidi is better not abbreviated. 

Magnesium ends in ii in the genitive. 

Peppermint is not the official name of the drug wanted. 

An i should be dotted and a t crossed. 



PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 439 



ForW?A,.Mf.,..^ 

lA^l^cbs <l/jjj^j\. L/surm,, J? TT 







^^^jjJL suJaMJ£-<L, 




friswk*- 



The tincture of opium is the most potent ingredient and may be listed 
first. The above is the order in which the drugs would be handled by the 
compounder. 

This formula is particularly useful where there is intestinal pain and 
tenderness. 



440 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 



Prescribed for ileocolitis. 



For..![L^d^r. /«2/V^L^ut^vv^ L3.^^..A 

% » 










It is usually best not to employ a nickname, particularly when it refers 
to a characteristic that may be shared by a parent. 

The vehicle in this mixture would be so thin that the powder would not 
remain suspended long enough to admit of a dose being poured out before 
it settled. 

A shake label should be ordered. 

Sufficient information as to prescriber is not given. 



PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 441 



luftxs,. Lskkv3*syy.. L.I.. 




For 





aAu, 






/a, 

Ctsvt/1\ . 




This seems to be one of the most satisfactory ways of administering 
bismuth subnitrate. 

A vehicle frequently employed is chalk mixture (Mistura Creta), which 
contains sufficient acacia and sugar for effecting a suspension. 

Astringent tinctures, as tincture of catechu, or gambir, or kino, are some- 
times used in the above. 



442 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 



For acute pharyngitis. 

For „lh±.*J!^^ 





The alkali metals, as well as calcium, strontium, magnesium, etc., have the 
genitive ending ii. 

The acid radicals in the salts of all the acids except the hydri acids and the 
lower oxy acids have the genitive atis, as sulphatis for sulphate. 

The word acid appears better when written with proper termination. The 
genitive of all acids ends in i. 



PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 



443 



For 




•....>..:.. .LlI.-. ^uO.0^^7^^..:.. 






It 







/) 




tu^Al 



Note the ending of sulphurous acid is underscored. It is not very fre- 
quently used, and might be misread as sulphuric acid. 

Patient may be instructed to take the dose with one or two tablespoon fuls 
of water, and to clean the teeth afterward, but not to remove the remedy 
from the throat, as by eating or drinking soon after a dose has been taken. 



444 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 



Prescribed for a case of acute "rheumatism." 

^tUJ^S^MsM^. 

JUuU (UJU*. <&"*• f^^ 

Ou*u* -rnuxk. Oil-}*- ffi 
Or). 



The arrangement on the sheet is open to criticism. 

In an acute condition, particularly if painful, energetic treatment is usually 
indicated. 

Vinum colchici is not the full name of the agent wanted. 
The disease should never be specified on the label. 



PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 445 



„( W Zif.,..i^4, 



fr^rrK* 



2 v ' 'I* 

~TTr r 





Ol^lAl, 



Instructions should be left as to reducing dosage upon relief of pain or 
development of unpleasant effects, as ringing in ears, etc. Some patients 
seem to tolerate the salicylates better if they are administered in cold milk. 

As an adjunct to this treatment many employ massage with a liniment 
containing oil of wintergreen or methyl salicylate. 



446 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 



Prescribed for the high fever incident to the early stages of certain acute 
diseases. 

For ....lh.M^. / hl. !!^.*J***f. J± 7$tez). 



CLjLc^^ 



/ Q^jCU^c^/i 



Spir. Nitris Dulcis is not the name of the agent wanted. 

Solution is not the official Latin term for the class of preparation wanted. 

The directions to druggist and patient are best treated as separate 
paragraphs. 

The quantity is too large and the dosage not sufficiently intense for an 
acute condition. 



PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 447 









f 




17 



'J- 






sims 



sVucJja, sOt/sOus trfuvU, nt>~usi^. 




OsviAl 



Lemonade is often a desirable diluent for a remedy of this type. 

In using a combination of this character the prescriber should have 
patient sufficiently under observation to enable him to discontinue the medi- 
cine at the proper time. 

The trend of the profession is toward the employment of water as the 
one great antipyretic. 



448 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 



First prescription for a patient with high blood-pressure and urine with 
low specific gravity. 



For ..'2??^^ 





The nitrate is not the salt desired. 

Large doses of sodium nitrite should never be used until the effect of 
smaller doses has been noted. 

A small bottle containing a smaller dose would be indicated to begin 
the treatment. 

Iodi is the genitive for iodine, but not for iodide. 



PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 



449 




£ CUf^2J^L..t 




For 

Or. 



<?vulAi> 




Note that the attention of the compounder is called to the word nitritis, 
which closely resembles nitratis. 

The direction "in a glass" is changed to "with a glass." The patient 
often can better take a dose with a small amount of the diluent ordered 
and use the rest to remove the taste from the mouth, in preference to 
drinking a whole glass of a disagreeable mixture. The dilution in the stomach 
is the same, of course. 

It is often more desirable to give a preparation of this type with water. 



29 



450 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 



Prescribed for a patient suffering from anemia, loss of appetite, general 
weakness, etc. 

For %^L^^^St^^=^A. 



%ii^A. ^jw^. @lJU^, 




/3jteucuff i 



In a prescription of this type it is better to list the ingredients in the 
order in which they should be mixed. Nux vomica added to tincture of 
ferric chloride would cause a precipitate of iron tannate. 

If the phosphoric acid is added to the iron first the reaction does not 
take place. 

Nux in the genitive changes to nucis. 

The directions would be better if transposed. 



PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 451 



For QhkJ^JdL^ka^^yiL 









Ow/t^ 




Attention is called to the instructions that the preparation be taken in 
water. Dilution lessens the action on the teeth, renders the taste less dis- 
agreeable, and aids the action as a bitter tonic. 

In ordering an iron solution the physician should always instruct that 
the preparation be taken through a tube and the teeth cleansed after each 
dose. 



452 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 



The following "Four Chlorides" tonic is often prescribed. 



For /./^k?.. :.\L^<^^rr. /^I^^^y^. 




i. G^JJ^G^**"^ few 

? 




.3 , yz* x * 



v 



S^-^7 ' /^Us~z)(^J) A^^/^^^^ 




"Mrs. Sam" may be objectionable. 

The mercuric salt being a solid, a potent drug and one of the principal 
ingredients, should be written first. 

The arsenic solution, as the most potent and probably important of 
the liquids, should be written before the others. 

There is no reason why this should not be concentrated to a 6-ounce 
solution with teaspoonful dose. 



PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 453 



For 




, o, Ct- /^(kaZwi, 



D J 

7 } A & 

fa 'V 



pwi/ft 



SYV\ 




It is particularly desirable in prescribing preparations as the above to 
give the patient written instructions as to the amount of water to use, the 
time of taking, the use of a glass tube, and the cleaning of the teeth after 
each dose. 



454 

For 



PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 



fh^KA^i l^L^^^.L 



csXi^^^^JU MiJ^+tAJ^' ~^ 



ss 




G^^ 



cL^<-*-^^&~~4/ 




Prescribed as an 
agreeable quinine prepa- 
ration for a child. 



The principle in pre- 
paring so-called "taste- 
less" quinine is to use 
a salt that will dissolve 
only to the smallest pos- 
sible extent so that it 
will not come into con- 
tact with the special 
nerve elements in such 
form as to be appre- 
ciated. 

The age of the pa- 
tient should be given. 

Liquorici is not the 
proper name of the drug 
wanted. 

The vehicle should be 
used in sufficient quan- 
tity to make up to 2 
fluidounces. 



The sulphate is prob- 
ably the best salt for 
"tasteless" quinine mix- 
tures. The tannate is 
the least bitter of the 
quinine salts, but has to 
be given in larger 
amounts and at least is 
slower and more uncer- 
tain in action. 

It is usually possible 
to ascertain the prefer- 
ence of the child as to 
flavor. Glycyrrhiza may 
be distinctly disagree- 
able to some, while 
syrup of chocolate would 
be very agreeable. 

Written instructions 
may be given as to 
shaking; the mixture. 



For 



% 



aam. Lsk^.^^y.^(:. LL...^ps.. 



..).. 






SS 



l / 7 
Oh-. 

St 





yV^wi 



I 



OU^UL^ jlX. , 



/isV-V~-y>. 




^i, 




C^ui/f^, 



PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 



455 



Used as a tonic par- 
ticularly in chronic ma- 
laria. 



Liquor Arseni Chlor- 
idi and Tinctura Ferri 
are not the proper 
names for the prepara- 
tions wanted. 

It is unnecessary to 
use distilled water in a 
preparation of this char- 
acter. 

ad may well be omit- 
ted. 

The directions are 
subject to improvement. 

Physician's name 
should be more care- 
fully written. 



^£7 7 



V 





fry/. 





^jEksLs^kk^X. 




^/l/VlsyW^fi-*~ 



//fuses!*, 7^6/vw (Ljuun,-, 

7 



QA 




Where the condition 
was not malarial the 
amount of quinine sul- 
phate would probably be 
reduced. 

Written instructions 
should be given patient 
as to amount of water, 
use of glass tube, clean- 
ing teeth, etc. 

It should be remem- 
bered that a quinine so- 
lution is always in- 
tensely bitter and that 
patients are apt to dis- 
continue the remedy. 



456 

For. 



PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 



,31.f, @l*^u 






Prescribed for indi- 
gestion. 



Pepsini here calls for 
the U. S. P. product, 
which is standardized at 
1 to 3000; so further 
specification is unneces- 
sary. 

Acldi Hyd. Dil. might 
mean the diluted hydro- 
chloric, hydrobromic, hy- 
drocyanic or others. 

The label should in- 
dicate that the prepara- 
tion is to be diluted for 
administration. 



It should be remem- 
bered that a preparation 
of this character without 
instructions as to diet, 
manner of eating, etc., is 
practically useless. 

It is probably best to 
discontinue the use of 
the pepsin preparation 
gradually. It may be 
first omitted after the 
lightest meal of the day, 
then used only after the 
principal meal, etc. 



For 



<hH.7A/8/.**. 



$ 



F 



I aaaAA . /Virtus* U prwcGtsL, 

7 

i / f 



• S 





PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 



457 



Has been prescribed 
for syphilis. 



The name of the pa- 
tient is usually best omit- 
ted in venereal diseases. 

The proper name is 
not used for the mer- 
curial salt. 

The content of a "sat- 
urated solution" often 
depends on the amount 
of effort put forth by the 
particular compounder. 

The quantity is rather 
large for the dose, as de- 
composition may occur 
to some extent before 
the amount would be 
used. 



For (thl*.. 




S^/. £-* 9i€u £U>- f^ttir 











%-A farL. 




Qy<Jq y jtM. (/o) sCurfa, -twice 

/ lot CvWfy. 



While convenience or 
economy may dictate this 
style of prescription, the 
physician should avail 
himself of an early op- 
portunity to test the 
dropper the patient is 
using or note the rapid- 
ity with which the liquid 
is disappearing. 

Written instructions 
should be given as to 
time of taking, diluting, 
etc. 

It is probably best to 
administer one hour be- 
fore or two hours after 
meals and to have the 
patient take the medicine 
diluted with one-fourth 
glass of water and fol- 
low with a glass of milk. 



458 

For 



PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 



fh^J^y™^. ^^^fir.L 






CLc^. 



6L~. 



-<^ClLAslAf 



f A-^t^o<__ 



/klAeuezsft 



Prescribed as a pur- 
gative for a child 2 
years old suffering from 
intestinal indigestion. 



The name and age of 
the patient should be 
given. 

Mite is not in the 
genitive case. 

A child cannot usu- 
ally take capsules till 8 
or 10 years of age. 

The inscription is a 
Latin sentence; so 
Roman numerals should 
be used. 



Attention is called to 
the advantage of using 
sugar of milk in admin- 
istering calomel to chil- 
dren. It has an agree- 
able taste and, of course, 
is therapeutically inert. 
In this quantity sufficient 
bulk is given to the pow- 
der to facilitate handling. 
In administering calomel 
to a child it is usually 
considered best to give in 
the early part of the day 
and follow in two or 
three hours by castor oil. 
The active purging is 
over before bedtime or 
may be checked by a 
warm colon irrigation. 



For 



'Tfyaty JkQfcfefe 1.1 



1/ 



ytyyi. . J 



j<Ut cUs^q- QAivx. "hdZu o^,t 

Oft-. A. dM^. Tio.VT- 



&C4, 



(P- 



'/VU, >ou 



•Lt/i 



Xty KcJJ 



0~Us\, 




cws/fy , 



PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 



459 



Ordered for a child 5 
years old when a diag- 
nosis of roundworms had 
been made. 

All glucosides, neu- 
tral principles, etc., have 
the genitive ending i. 

Santonin, although 

sometimes prescribed 
recklessly, is rather a 
potent drug, and this 
dose is too large. 

This should be pre- 
scribed with something 
to dilute and render 
more palatable. 

It is probably wise 
to instruct that the above 
is not to be triturated, as 
the crystals of santonin 
are more apt to reach 
the lower intestinal tract 
than the powdered drug. 



For ..^^f^^frr. V ?^*?^.....L 

Or) 4v .e*u ™*rnr. 



(&*V- 



For 



Si 



&&&&„Jz±/U&^ 



^u 



7 






s ? 



b. 



/VU, XV. 



T JIAAJ 



rlxH^UX^ . 



0W1/K. 




This should be fol- 
lowed by an active pur- 
gative, as a tablespoon- 
ful of castor oil. Many 
prefer to give the san- 
tonin and sugar of milk 
without the calomel and 
follow with a purgative 
later. 

Written instructions 
should be left with the 
family as to diet, etc. 
The best time for admin- 
istering the above is 
probably in the morning, 
so that it can be prop- 
erly followed by the 
castor oil and then by 
the colon irrigation. 



460 



PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 




For typhoid fever, 



etc. 



Salol is neither the 
official Latin nor the 
proper English name of 
the drug wanted. 

It is usually best to 
express a quantity by its 
largest denomination. 

It is probably inad- 
visable to prescribe salol 
alone in capsules. 

It is not often ad- 
visable to order more 
than 5 grains of a sub- 
stance to each capsule. 



As the drug is almost 
odorless and tasteless, 
there is no objection to 
giving in powders. The 
size of the dose and the 
tendency to form con- 
cretions would indicate 
against the use of cap- 
sules. If it is ordered in 
capsules it should be 
mixed with a small 
amount of some soluble 
powder, as milk sugar, to 
cause the disintegration 
of the lump resulting 
from packing in the cap- 
sules. 



For IJ^.^M^.S/ 


&k%I<mA Lbjdr&3?l4r. 


\J/VUvuj <U4 


cdst&j iaZvL , "57- 


-7 4 GAA. -7>z?. T7 


fJ/vu, 


<U/j^Uf f***^/* 


hs 0-<s<Sl/iL/ . 






f VJLouvi/tt. 



PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 



461 



Prescribed for Mr. 
Smith, who complained 
that he was "bilious." 




For 



fcjnsyy. (^.S^r^^c^^C 



It should be specified 
that John Smith is an 
adult. 

Hyoscyamus is not in 
the genitive case. 

This preparation 
would have a very dis- 
agreeable taste and would 
be best administered in 
capsules. If patient could 
not take capsules, other 
agents should be selected. 






vlc-y 



€u^ 



JtA*-X-si^f 



~~Ks4UCA>^ 



/^LZUt-^S^, 



. Yfpyn O^yvuZ^i 




J+y 0t*,aA,<? (z'foMn Tt^uZ^l, 



.V 

J 



These capsules are 
best given so that the 
last will be at bedtime 
and a saline adminis- 
tered early the following 
morning. 

It is claimed that the 
purgation from the above 
is accompanied by a 
minimum of discomfort. 

As a rule it is par- 
ticularly undesirable to 
give a mercurial purge in 
broken doses at long in- 
tervals during the day, 
as the patient may be un- 
necessarily given a day 
of considerable discom- 
fort. 



462 



PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 



Prescribed in the treatment of dropsy. 



For 







O-x^XY 




Squill is not the Latin name of the drug wanted. 

Pulv. is here the abbreviation of the Latin for the adjective, powdered; 
so it should follow the noun. 

The words pill and every in the directions are obviously unnecessary. 



PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 463 



For 



%fo.Ju/& OL*kA .. 



7U/dv^vq. &LLcn,. /puZL^, 



(ultcuu vsvUa/,, &,"&,. CU.Jjt 




77TT p. Qcul <yie XX~ 




This is certainly more desirable in capsules. 

Hyoscyamus is frequently omitted from this combination, but its use 
to limit intestinal discomfort, etc.. seems to be well founded. 

Even if it is desired to continue this treatment for some time, the first 
prescription should be for a small amount, as it is frequently not well 
tolerated. 



464 



PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 



Prescribed for a case of menorrhagia. 







(CL^l^ 






The abbreviation gr. stands for both the singular and the plural. 

In cases where there are two substances with the names so nearly alike, 
as Hydrastina and Hydrastinina, an abbreviation that might represent either 
is obviously incorrect. 

The indefinite ergotin is better replaced by the U. S. P. product. 

Preparations of this character are better prescribed in capsules. 



PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 465 




J>Lj&&^^ 



vf/Us dAwvw cuL (vutfsn-v CjA 55 



Tvcl-SsU, Ova v~L<vC; ty\*> X t- 



ioj- ^u, cufsO^ ^ca^L 



ryWLCLJ—* 



^itPtA^K. 



An important point here is the use of the concentrated products in cap- 
sules to replace the old custom of using the fluidextracts, which constituted 
such a disagreeable mixture, and frequently led to gastric disturbances. 
The same idea will often apply in prescribing. 

It is usually best in prescribing potent drugs to write out the names as 
completely as possible. 



30 



466 



PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 



Prescribed for a patient recovering from malaria. He was slightly anemic, 
had no appetite, was weak and generally "run down." 



For .../h\:..i^^ 



6-,*^ 4* 



L)t 






'yisO . XX)f 



(QsUL*- 



X. 





f? 



Adult is unnecessary, as Mr. conveys that information. 

The abbreviation for of each is not properly made. 

It is usually best to list the most potent drugs first. The druggist selects 
them first for several good reasons. 

The prescriber would not wish t. i. d. on the label, so should not instruct 
the druggist to put it there. 



PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 467 







{J/hu* cuf£tA* sCv-tA 



/U 



o<ia4i. 



The mass of ferrous carbonate is often used instead of the reduced iron. 

When a drug is given three times a day it is usually best to know 
whether it should be given before or after meals, and so specify. The pa- 
tient cannot be too forcibly impressed with the fact that the physician 
knows just what he wants. 



468 



PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 







'&ajL**^. 



Ordered for a case of 
hookworm. 

Drugs the nominative 
of which end in / usually 
have the genitive ending 
is. 

It is usually consid- 
ered best to dilute this 
agent. 

Thymol is best ad- 
ministered in capsules. 

Part of this label is 
unnecessary, as specific 
written instructions as to 
dose, etc., should be left 
with the patient. 

It is not often advis- 
able to tell a patient to 
"take a saline." Definite 
directions should be 
given as to what to take 
and how much. 



Note the number of 
capsules. It is not often 
that more than 5 or 6 
grains should be ordered 
to the capsule. 

Detailed instructions 
should be left with the 
patient as to the taking 
of the capsules, the diet, 
etc. 

Thymol may often be 
given to advantage, pow- 
dered and suspended in 
a thick liquid. 



1 Hn 


$urn^ t-irvt. 


$ 


t > 


/ /UfT^VV-^Asl \SsUL&S., 


Q icf- . 


Qt.fb. 


deof. n^c. w 






^*p£&srtS?l. 



PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 



469 



Prescribed for amebic 
dysentery. 



The inscription can 
be better written. 

It is impossible to put 
sufficient directions on 
the available label space ; 
so it is best to make out 
a special sheet of in- 
structions to be left with 
the patient. These writ- 
ten instructions should 
of course include diet, 
etc. 



For. 



R 







L 








zJd.lJL»mJZjkSAl&4* 






?*.+ 



lUl. &nZt*. -7** ^ 



h 



"/oA^L OA* <dvUM<Ld- 




These are best taken 
at bedtime. 

Patient or family 
should be warned as to 
the possibility of nausea 
and vomiting, and in- 
structed as to the use of 
the cold cloth to throat, 
etc. If the pills are too 
heavily coated they may 
pass through entire ; so 
patient should be in- 
structed to watch for 
them. 



470 



For 



PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 



# 



3..&w&±^ (../Z^k?A 






JL^O^Jf^ 




This is the so-called 
5-grain Blaud's Pill. It 
contains about 5 grains 
of the total mass or 
about 1 grain of ferrous 
carbonate. Unofficial pills 
may be ordered prepared 
of any size. The ready- 
prepared pills are on the 
market containing 2, 3, 
and 4 as well as 5 grains 
of the mass. If other 
than the official pill is 
wanted the size should 
be specified. 

It should be remem- 
bered that on the above 
prescription the phar- 
macist would dispense 
the ready-prepared pills, 
probably gelatin coated. 



This was for a young 
lady suffering from 
chlorosis. 



It would be better 
to indicate the age of 
the patient in a different 
way. 

B lauds Pills is not 
the official name. 

It is unnecessary to 
specify the size, as there 
is only one official. 

The condition for 
which the iron carbonate 
is used generally re- 
quires extended treat- 
ment and in that case it 
is cheaper for the pa- 
tient to purchase more 
at a time. 

The directions could 
be better expressed. 



For 



f/!^k&.i. zs^^^---<^ 



QU. yW <?**• *•• CL 



h 







*/a*j» (ij /aJ-Cov -la^C*. 



ryvu-aJ-- 




PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 



471 



Prescribed for a case 
of acute cystitis. 



A pet name should 
seldom be employed, a 
nickname never, partic- 
ularly if of a racial 
character. 

Extr actum Bella- 
donna is not the full 
name of the drug 
wanted. 

Cocoa Butter is not 
the official name of that 
drug and the quantity is 
best left to the discre- 
tion of the pharmacist. 

The directions are 
subject to improvement. 





£±.(££h. 



JskMS..: 









H 






fi^yu* 




CkU/K- 



In warm weather 
these should be kept in 
a cool place. 

The first can be 
quickly hardened by put- 
ting it in a spoon resting 
on cracked ice and salt. 

They may be dipped 
in cool olive oil to facili- 
tate introduction. 

In prescribing rectal 
suppositories for women 
the physician should 
make it definitely under- 
stood that they are not 
for vaginal use. 



472 

For 



PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 



£/22P...-.J....dr<r^C. ■£L*^ted&?...:. 



Ordered as a morn- 
ing laxative. 



There is a general 
disregard of margins and 
arrangement. 

Mrs. "Bill" might ap- 
preciate a more dignified 
title. 

The word teaspoonful 
is understood to mean 1 
teaspoonful. 

The degrees do not 
look modest. 



If the preparation is 
taken in hot water the 
effect is usually more 
pronounced. 

Hot lemonade is often 
the more desirable sol- 
vent. 

When the taste of the 
sodium sulphate is found 
too objectionable it may 
be omitted and the potas- 
sium bitartrate alone be 
administered in a glass 
of hot lemonade. 



For 



%M, M/&./3ewftA. 






V 



% 



/yvi 






I 



C^lA^ 



J 



PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 



473 



Ordered in the treat- 
ment of syphilis. 



The continued appli- 
cation of the above will 
frequently produce irri- 
tation. 

More than eight ap- 
plications in succession 
are usually indicated, so 
may well be ordered at 
once for several reasons. 

There is nothing to 
mix. 

It is better to specify 
waxed or oiled paper. 



For 



Oy*. 



n 



> 



^> 






4a^k_ 




Z 7 /7 









o-~y^<- 



^c^j^A 






dUf^x^JtxD , 




[■ 



Complete written in- 
structions should, of 
course, be left with pa- 
tient as to baths, site of 
applications, etc. 

The pharmacist will 
charge for putting this 
into doses ; so when econ- 
omy is a factor the 
ointment may be ordered 
in bulk and the direc- 
tions made to read : 
Apply a teaspoonful 
every night. 






474 



PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 



Prescribed- for a case of scabies. 
For ....^^<^^ 



CDfuty <*^ 






Sulphur, unless otherwise specified, means the sublimed or common, which 
is not the best to use here. 

Peru is not the full word wanted ; so should either be carried out or a 
period used. 

The quantity here would be too much for a 1-ounce jar and too little 
to look well in a 2-ounce jar. 



PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 



475 



For 



L$OL&/^^ (/JL&kSL) 




UyiutA/tA, [j/ZCLXJ2<J%., 2 T 



dfr 



\J ^L^yV^Ci 



■CCc, 



^..5 



? 



i. 







Written instructions should be left as to duration of treatment, bathing, 
change of clothes, etc. 

Note the fluid, balsam of Peru, is prescribed by weight. It adheres to the 
vessel to such an extent that in this quantity it is more conveniently weighed 
than measured. 



476 



PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 



This ointment was ordered for Mrs. Coleman to relieve an erythema 
resulting from the continued use of wet bichloride vulva pads. 



For 



.&-.^.. 












3-S 



9 s - 



d 




^^gX^€^C^ 




The name of the patient is misspelled. The correctness of patient's name 
is important. 

The name of the acid is misspelled. 

Each word in each name in the inscription should begin with a capital 
letter. 

It is hard to well incorporate zinc oxide in an extemporaneous ointment. 
It is better to order the ointment of zinc oxide. 



PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 477 




wskSSt. 



L/LC'Ls&t*-' OoIasCXS 'Ou^ ; ty" A 




1 (Uy.>cJ^ / o ;T 



7 



sCuj^>£^ 




CuWR. 



Phenol may be added to this if marked itching is a factor. 
Boric Acid is often used in the above formula. 

After the ointment has been thoroughly applied the area may be dusted 
with bismuth subnitrate for comfort and protection to clothing. 



478 



PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 



vr JjL^/\^^ 



For 



^CC^VL 



f 



& 






~jfcuyT*J~~ 





Prescribed for ec- 
zema, particularly of the 
scrotum. 



Camphor is not a 
gum. 

Petroleum Jelly is not 
the proper name of the 
agent wanted. 

It is unnecessary to 
instruct that an ointment 
be made, as nothing else 
could result from mixing 
the above ingredients. 

The ointment boxes 
used by the majority of 
druggists admit of only 
limited label space. 



Camphor and hy- 
drated chloral will liquefy 
when triturated together, 
and with the petrolatum 
should form a smooth 
ointment. 

Written instructions 
should be left as to man- 
ner and frequency of ap- 
plication, use of water, 
oil, etc. 

From 1 to 5 grains of 
cocaine hydrochloride 
are sometimes added, but 
is usually unnecessary. 



For $£.**&&. yJklaauuu^ 



fa 



Cl^U 



Ou^i^K- 



PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 



479 



This ointment is fre- 
quently ordered for sore 
eyelids. 

There is no advan- 
tage in specifying the 
color of the patient, but 
age should be indicated. 

Petroleum Jelly is not 
the official name of the 
agent wanted. 

The quantity of the 
ointment is too large for 
the purpose intended, as 
it might become contam- 
inated, and only a small 
amount is usually re- 
quired. 

An abbreviation 
should be followed by a 
period. 

The prescription 
should be signed. 






&*-4 



tc/Lflj&t* 



^ faone^r 



<?L /Ca^i 



For .ZZL.#d<K.. Js/<^^ 

J4u cU,cm,o. (Hy.iM. J*'*"', &"T 






w 



-frt- Ztsu. dusvu- 



^- (Zfyfilu yiCvLC 



mn^t 



£U 



ct 



T 




&wi/7Z 



Experience has taught 
that it requires a consid- 
erable effort to get the 
salt distributed through 
the vehicle in a sufficient 
degree of fineness. Par- 
ticles of any appreciable 
size are apt to be dis- 
tinctly irritating. It is 
well, therefore, to in- 
struct that the druggist 
"rub well." 



480 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 



Prescribed for acute mastitis. 



For 



%». OL>i% 






tn. v 



(fax O^fA*******- 

fa, 







When a small quantity of an oil is wanted for flavoring it is better to 
prescribe drops, as 5 minims are not easily measured. 

Cold Cream is not the official name of the preparation wanted. 

The quantity of the ointment is entirely too small for the purpose 
intended. 

The abbreviation a.a. is both improperly made and placed. 



PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 481 



For JllZkL^ddJ^ 







sOOvaAA, g~ tC 






oi^i/rt 



This formula is frequently employed for such conditions as orchitis, 
infected hands and feet, etc. 

Ammoniated mercury is frequently added when an active antiseptic is 
desired. 

The area is often painted with tincture of iodine before applying oint- 
ment. If iodine is used mercury must be omitted. 

Camphor and phenol are frequently employed additions to the above. 



31 



482 



PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 



This has been used for prickly heat. 










tyh 






The manner of giving the name of patient might be improved upon. 

Boracic Acid is not the name of the drug wanted. 

It would be well to emphasize the fact that the ingredients should be 
rubbed well. 

If the directions for applying are too long to put on a label it would be 
well to remind patient that there is a special method of employment. 



PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 



483 



For &.#dtf_jfaA..^ 






r 



a 



^ 



C^sLl. / \sO^\st~-e~<— i 



9 









// 



lShon^> Z*,, 



S. 



V 



^OC^L Z~Cs/ic Qsuvn ->c<JC i 



J*^a . 




Oa. / c&yictUtA^ 




etsvi/tt 



If there are too many children to specify, it would be better to write as 
Mr. Jones's Children. The ages are unimportant here, but it is a good habit 
to always specify, if possible. 

Written instructions may be given the nurse, as 'Tut the powder in a 
cloth bag and apply three times daily by gently patting the affected parts 
after bathing." Frequency of bath would depend on the weather, condition 
of patient, etc. 



484 



PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 



The following has been ordered as a spray in the treatment of rhinitis, 
nasal catarrh, etc. : 



For 




A 




?-•'> 



OL, #~" 



(hi,. 7k£^u ff*4b 



Lu^- 



rjy^. / 






/yjZjLtts^. 



As 2 minims cannot well be measured in the average pharmacy, it would 
probably be well to prescribe drops. 

Atomizers are usually so constructed that a larger amount of the liquid 
would be necessary for the best results if the treatment was many times 
repeated. 

It would be well to indicate in the directions the use of the preparation. 



PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 485 







'stsyv<<~ 




ZZ.lV 



for 







This character of remedy is usually employed to follow an aqueous 
cleansing spray. 

The tendency of the profession seems to be to make their oil solution 
rather irritating by ordering too much of the volatile oils. 

Particular attention is called to the use of the official liquid petrolatum 
as a vehicle to replace less ethical products. 



486 



PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 



Ordered for the use of the physician as a local application in the treat- 
ment of follicular tonsillitis. 



\^>K^*^Cla~ 




It is preferable for many reasons for the prescriber to specify the actual 
amount of each ingredient. 

This, of course, would be too dangerous a preparation for the layman 
to use, and when having the patient purchase for the physician's use it 
is better to so specify. 

It would be well to order the bottle labeled "Poison" or "Not to be taken." 



PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 



487 



Far C Wfl/lt&UL. 



\*£ (/fi^fi*'} 




isua-OvU^ /^CvcU^, <flXLV 



/ 0C&,'tes£LJ- 



JL4J*v fl-S 








/Vl/ a*~ Cirfovvl *<sC*-C * 



0VVl/%. 




This method of writing for a percentage solution prevents the possibility 
of trouble through mathematical error on the part of some incompetent clerk. 
It enables the prescriber to specify distilled water. 

A Poison or Not to be taken label is certainly desirable. 

In some instances the physician, in having the patient get medicine for 
his own use, can to advantage order the formula for a label, as : Sig. — 
Formula. 



488 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 



For a case of acute bronchitis. 

For ^...<£cZ^_ ^^^J^^J 







Sis*-*. 



^IVA. 




Creosotum does not have the genitive ending a. 

B. W., standing for beechwood, is now useless and unnecessary. 

It is unnecessary to specify that solution be made. 

The directions are too long. 



PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 489 



For 




dZtuL. LsCtctcsvu ( d~ 




/LLc^l aZ^L-j 



JA^vd4:. /<yi^^3 ruvut Co. 

I 




w-'f. fate y<i 



<0 (X^L^p Crzrrt 





rcLiAJLUoiL • 




frsTsl/ft. 



Written instructions as to the use of this should be left with the family. 
It is usually employed by the patient holding the head over pitcher or 
by making a tent to cover both. An open newspaper answers very well. 
It must be prepared fresh for each inhalation. 
It may be administered to small children during sleep. 



490 



PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 



Prescribed as an inhalation in rhinitis with involvement of the accessory 
sinuses. 



For 











^KAJL^^^ 




^ ' f^Ui^u^ 



The name of the patient should be given. 

The proper termination is not used for the genitive of menthol. 
Spiritus Rectificatus is not the proper name of the drug desired. 
When a liquid is not to be taken internally the first word of the direc- 
tions should so indicate. 

The directions are too long for the size of the label available. 



PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 491 




For 







/j 



7 



to ^sUk^JLA* <rf n^t 



This should not be used for a young child on account of the effect of 
menthol on the eyes. Patients should be instructed to keep the eyes tightly 
closed while using. 

Written instructions should be left with patient as to frequency and 
duration of inhalation. Usually for about five minutes two to four times 
a day. 

This is frequently employed in certain forms of asthma. 



492 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 

Prescribed as a wet dressing for an infected hand. 



For . Sk^/K^^ - 

ft 


/^&^vfC£*~&us / - 


^(tUJU^.&^UU^-^A^ . J^lf* 


Or) 


/- V 


^7 lu* 


-£^ /VK- ftX/t/ ^ 







Information as to the age of the patient should be given. 
The quantity of the salt can be better expressed. 

A soluble salt of mercury should never be ordered in ordinary water. 
A solution of this character should usually be prescribed in a more 
economical form. 

A poison label should be ordered. 



PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 



493 



For Jj$lJ£^^ 



■, &Un. ' 



/ 







£ 



"-?.. 






XAsTSiSL 



/■ 



J^ct^t^. 



As did the other prescription, this gives a solution of about 1 to 5000. 

The economy of the above is self-evident, as the druggist usually con- 
siders bulk an important factor in determining price. 

The value of the addition of tartaric acid hardly needs discussion. 

Written instructions should be given the family as to changing the dress- 
ing to prevent too great concentration by evaporation, also as to frequency 
of use, etc. 



494 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 



For 

ft 



$??z?...(?^^ 










/*£<_ ^ 



Zfau^cM 



The full name of the patient may well be omitted. 

The salt is only partially soluble in the amount of vehicle ordered. 

Distilled water should be used. 

The word douche may be omitted as the "gallon of hot water" would 
prevent other use of the remedy, and more complete instructions should 
be left with the patient, anyway. 



PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 495 




iCcfA^^c AJ^cstA., #.*■ Y^Yl'ij 




/* 




More complete written instructions should, of course, be left with patient. 
These may include the position of patient, elevation of reservoir, temperature 
of the water, etc. 

It will be noted that the above gives a solution of about 1 to 5000. 

It is a convenient method of prescribing the drug. 



496 



PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 



For Ql^k^.^ 



y 



€£si*srue. 







Prescribed for ear- 
ache in a child 5 years 
old. 

The prescription 
should be better placed 
on the sheet. 

Carbolic Acid is not 
the official name of the 
drug wanted. 

Carbolic Acid is a 
solid ; so should not be 
prescribed by minims. 

Glycerin is the Eng- 
lish name of the drug. 

If 1 fluidounce of the 
mixture is wanted the 
glycerin should be q. s. 

More definite direc- 
tions should be used, 
particularly as this is a 
poison for local use. 



Phenol is a crystalline 
solid ; so should be pre- 
scribed in grains. 

Liquefied phenol is a 
liquid obtained by melt- 
ing phenol and adding 10 
per cent, of water so that 
it will not recrystallize. 

While 1 ounce is far 
in excess of the needs of 
the patient it is not usu- 
ally advisable to order 
less of a fluid, as there 
is no saving in price, and 
the ounce bottle is more 
convenient for label, 
handling, etc. 



For Jj[l/BiCk^.......^^.^./^l. L^^. 



& 



t 7" 



U^lt^vt^ruLA cL^, 



STri.XXV 



C/ ' sOU dC^UYlA, , ft. 5. 

9fr 



<1^.<? /a^uO fl) stOvfTksZ 




} 



7 



>/u*i 



n^y\ ^ayi Asor%L*i /VLLbUsiasus. 



n^i/7% 




PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 



497 



Ordered as an ex- 
ternal application for 
tonsillitis, enlarged cer- 
vical glands, etc. 



Even in the case of 
children it is best to em- 
ploy the correct name. 
The surname should also 
be given. 

The quantity is too 
large for the purpose 
desired. 

Tr. is not the best ab- 
breviation for tincture. 

Iodidi is not the geni- 
tive for the Latin name 
of Iodine. 

Margins should be 
better observed. 




/^*^K^t^ 

5. "0<~ 



For.. 



r.V.£^..^Adl. (gfeAj., 

tf\ /-> — _ * _ J 








Ou^W?? 



"Paint the neck" was 
probably not sufficiently 
definite, as only a com- 
paratively small part is 
usually to be covered. It 
is best, when possible, 
for the physician to 
make the first applica- 
tion to show family the 
method of applying and 
the area to be covered. 

An application will 
sometimes be kept up in- 
definitely unless instruc- 
tions are given as to 
when to discontinue. 

This constitutes the 
well-known "Iodine and 
Aconite" of the dentist. 
It is used by them for 
toothache, etc. 



32 



498 



PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 



& 






<*H, 




££<£y (JUiAJLA^- 





Used with massage 
on a patient suffering 
from soreness following 
violent exercise. 



Chloroform does not 
have the genitive ending 
is. 

A prescriber should 
have some definite term 
for each purpose, and 
q. s. seems more desir- 
able than ad, though the 
latter is entirely correct. 

The quantity is too 
small for the purpose in- 
tended. 

The directions may 
be improved upon. 



This is probably best 
used following a hot 
bath. 

It may be made to 
act as a better rubefa- 
cient by covering for a 
short time with the 
hands or a woollen cloth. 

Camphor is some- 
times added to the above. 

The use of a liniment 
of this type is frequently 
preceded by the applica- 
tions of hot turpentine 
steeps. 



For 



J... ld.u./l€Z..<^... 



0?l £av(A^C<sz , 



r . 

0\ wi 




P^~l/YW<s , 



'is&i^w. , -S . TB ///i 



/ /. 




%-. 



UA, 



i 



/ 




su«y 



>ti/l 



0y\ exsw, a** *> <£^^*' /pLa^lu 



ft. 






0lsvl/?% '. 



PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 



499 



Prescribed as a local 
application in orchitis 
complicating" mumps. 



The arrangement on 
the sheet is not good. 

Guaiacol is usually a 
liquid ; so it is unneces- 
sary to specify. 

The majority of pre- 
scriptions are for in- 
ternal use. Such is un- 
derstood where specifi- 
cations are not to the 
contrary. 

If a preparation is 
not to be administered 
by mouth the directions 
should, with rare excep- 
tions, indicate the fact. 












a 



For . 



%&A 



'7 



vQ ry\ 






w 



a, Jscasisfift™ 



J 




y(x> (*Usj sUZ^vt M^si^L**- 



^^i/y 



Cwi/ft. 



This is frequently 
used during the febrile 
stage. 

As this usually lasts 
only about four days or 
less, a fluidounce is all 
that is necessary. 

In prescriptions for 
local use it is better to 
have the first word of 
the directions call atten- 
tion to the fact that it 
is not to be taken. 



500 PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 



Prescribed for a small superficial burn. 



For 




Ou^A^ '3#>^e-y (&%»:). 









f^-LA^i 



K. 



It would be better to order the ingredients by their official titles. 
Such a small quantity as a fluidrachm of a thick, tenacious liquid is best 
ordered by weight. 

A shake label should be used. 

The total quantity should be made to suit containers in common use. 



PRESCRIPTION WRITING. 501 




For \(M/t. Z^kufW. (J>.. 



% 




if 

u^2 ■ A^fec 



■UsJAs':'vLu ~ZLu ^u~ otct^u . 



Owi/ft . 




This does not make a clear solution, so should be shaken before used. 

A larger per cent, of the balsam is frequently employed, but may irritate 
if long applied. 

Two fluidounces of a preparation of this character will usually be dis- 
pensed at the same price as the above. 



CLINICAL INDEX. 



Abscess. page 

Balsam of Peru 78 

Hydrogen Peroxide 67 

Iodine ($) 201 

Quinine 126 

Abortion, Threatened. 

Facsimile Prescription 435 

Bromides (B) 95 

Hydrated Chloral ($) 119 

Opium ($) 246-251 

Viburnum Opulus (B) 326 

Viburnum Prunifolium (B).. 327 

Acidosis. 

Calomel (3) 186 

Sodium Bicarbonate (B) 299 

Acne. 

Cascara Sagrada (B) 282 

Sodium Benzoate (B) 87 

Adenitis. 

Facsimile Prescritions, 481,497,499 

Aconite (B) 43 

Belladonna (3) 83 

Camphor 106 

Cataplasm of Kaolin 209 

Guaiacol 178 

Ichthyol ($) 198 

Iodine ($) 201 

Alcoholism. 

Facsimile Prescription 433 

Acetanilide 13 

Ammonia (R) 56 

Belladonna (3) 84 

Bromides 96 

Calomel 185 

Capsicum Ill 

Digitalis 147 

Hops 182 

Hyoscine 195 

Hyoscyamus 196 

Paraldehyde (3) 295 

Scopola 295 

Trional 310 



Alkalinuria. page 

Acid, Boric 16 

Sodium Benzoate (f£) 87 

Alopecia. 

Alcohol ($) 51 

Bay Rum ($) 306 

Cantharides Ill 

Potassium Carbonate 222 

Quinine (R) 132 

Resorcinol ($) 279,280,306 

Amebic Dysentery. See Dysen- 
tery. 

Amenorrhea. 

Aloes (B) 54 

Cimicifuga 125 

Cotton-root Bark 176 

Hedeoma 180 

Iron (3) 160 

Manganese 218 

Viburnum Opulus ( I£ ) 326 

Viburnum Prunifolium (I£)... 327 

Anasarca. See Dropsy. 

Anemia. 
Facsimile Prescriptions, 451, 453, 

455, 467, 470 

Acid, Hydrochloric ($) 24 

Arsenic (B) 71,72 

Ferric Chloride ( R ) 163 

Ferrous Sulphate (B) 160 

Ferrous Carbonate (Ifc) 160 

Ferrum Reductum (Ifc) 161 

Manganese 218 

Angina Pectoris. 

Amyl Nitrite 61 

Iodides (3) 205 

Morphine 245 

Nitroglycerin 175 

Sodium Nitrite (3) 303 

Anorexia. 

Facsimile Prescriptions, 451, 453, 

455, 467 
Acid, Phosphoric 29 

(503) 



W 



CLINICAL INDEX. 



Anorexia (continued). page 

Cardamom 113 

Malt 182,218 

Nux Vomica ($) 230 

Quassia 277 

Serpentaria 297 

Appendicitis. 

Belladonna (U) 83 

Opium ($) 252 

Apoplexy. 

Croton Oil (5) 242 

Elaterin 149 

Iodides (3) 204 

Jalap (U) 268 

Ascites. See Dropsy. 

Argyria. 

Hexamethylenamine 181 

Arteriosclerosis. 

Iodides 205 

Arthritis. 

Facsimile Prescriptions . . . 445, 481 

Guaiacol ($) 178 

Guaiacol Carbonate (B) 178 

Hexamethylenamine ( 3 ) 181 

Iodine (B) 201 

Salicylates (B) 33,34 

Asphyxia. 

Ammonia 56 

Asthma. 

Adrenalin 171 

Calcium 101 

Conium 140 

Cubeb 145 

Gelsemium 169 

Grindelia 177 

Iodides (3) 204 

Lobelia 214 

Nitroglycerin 175 

Oil of Juniper 237 

Sabal 286 

Squill 294 

Stramonium ( R ) 308 

Bed-sores. 

Alcohol 51 

(See also Ulcers.) 

Blepharitis. 

Facsimile Prescription 479 

Bromidrosis. 

Alum (B) 55 



Bromidrosis (continued). page 

Bismuth Subnitrate (IJ) 93 

Bronchitis. 
Facsimile Prescriptions, 425, 485, 

489, 491 

Acacia (B) 10 

Acetphenetidin 14 

Aconite 42 

Alcohol 51 

Ammonium Salts ( B ) 58, 59 

Benzoates 86 

Benzoin (B) 85 

Brandy (3) 52 

Calcium Chloride 101 

Camphor (B) 106,107 

Chloroform (I*) 121 

Citrates (B) 21,22 

Codliver Oil 238 

Codeine (3) 247 

Creosote ($) 142,143 

Cubeb 145 

Eucalyptol 154 

Glycyrrhiza 175 

Grindelia 177 

Heroine (B) 250 

Hexamethylenamine ( B ) 181 

Hypophosphites ( B ) 27 

Iodides (3) 204 

Iodine 200 

Ipecac (U) 207 

Lobelia 214 

Menthol (3) 223 

Mustard 298 

Opium 247,250,251 

Senega 296 

Spirit of Nitrous Ether 49 

Squill 294 

Styrax 309 

Tar 266 

Tartar Emetic 63 

Terebene ( B ) 316 

Terpin Hydrate (3) 317 

Burns. 

Facsimile Prescription 501 

Arnica 70 

Balsam of Peru ($) 78 

Camphor (3) 108 

Castor Oil ($) 240 

Lime Liniment ( R ) 103 



CLINICAL INDEX. 



505 



Burns (continued). page 

Linseed Oil 213 

Picric Acid (3) 29 

Calculi. 

Belladonna 81 

Citrates 20 

Glycerin 173 

Hexamethylenamine (B) 181 

Spirit of Nitrous Ether (B).. 49 

Cancer. 

Arsenic • 71 

Potassium Hydroxide 274 

Zinc Chloride 329 

Catarrh, Nasal. See Nasal Ca- 
tarrh. 

Chancroids. 

Acid, Nitric 27 

Silver Nitrate 68 

Chapped Skin. 

Glycerin (B) 174 

Petrolatum 256 

Rose Water (3) 285 

Chlorosis. 

Facsimile Prescription 470 

Arsenic 71 

Ferrous Carbonate, Mass (B). 160 
Ferrous Carbonate, Pills (B). 159 
Ferrous Sulphate ( fy ) 160 

Chorea. 

Arsenic -. 71 

Cimicifuga 125 

Gelsemium 169 

Salicylates 32 

Cirrhosis, Hepatic. 

Acid, Nitrohydrochloric 28 

Iodides 203 

Clavus. 

Acid, Salicylic (U) 30 

Collodion ($) 138 

Indian Cannabis (fy) 110 

Colic. See Indigestion. 

Cold. See Coryza. 

Comedo. 

Acetanilide (B) 13 

Acid Sulphuric (B) 33 

Magnesium Sulphate (R.) 217 

Conjunctivitis. 

Facsimile Prescription 479 

Acid, Boric 16 



Conjunctivitis (continued). page 

Argyrol ($) 69 

Castor Oil (B) 240 

Cocaine (f£) 135 

Yellow Mercuric Oxide ( R ) . . 193 

Constipation. 

Facsimile Prescription 422 

Aloes (3) 53,54 

Belladonna (3) 83 

Cascara Sagrada (B) 281,282 

Castor Oil (3) 240 

Colocynth (R) 139 

Euonymus ..." 154 

Glycerin 173 

Glycyrrhiza 175 

Honey 220 

Leptandra 211 

Liquid Petrolatum (B) 257 

Malt 218 

Mercury Salts and Prepara- 
tions (B) 185-188 

Nux Vomica ( $ ) 230-233 

Olive Oil 239 

Potassium Bitartrate 275 

Podophyllum (B) 269 

Prune 275 

Rhubarb 283 

Senna 297 

Soap 290 

Sodium Phosphate (3)... 303,304 

Sodium Sulphate (3) 304 

Sulphur 311 

Taraxacum 315 

Convulsions. 

Facsimile Prescription 463 

Amyl Nitrite 61 

Bromides (3) 96 

Hydrated Chloral (B) 119 

Coryza. 

Acetphenetidin ( Ifc ) 14 

Acetanilide (B) 12 

Acid, Acetylsalicylic (I£) 37 

Ammonium Carbonate (B)... 58 

Belladonna (B) 83 

Caffeine (U) 98 

Camphor (B) 106,107 

Citrates (3) 20 

Eupatorium (B) 155 

Hyoscyamus 196 



506 



CLIXICAL INDEX. 



Coryza {continued) . page 

Phenyl Salicylate ( ft ) 36 

Powder of Ipecac and Opium 

(ft) 250, 251 

Quinine (ft) 128, 129 

Cough. 
Facsimile Prescriptions, 423, 425, 
427, 429, 431, 489, 491 

Acid, Hydrocyanic 24 

Ammonium ( ft ) 58, 59 

Antipyrine (ft) 65 

Apomorphine ( ft ) 247 

Benzoin (ft) 85 

Benzoates 86 

Citrates (ft) 21 

Bitter Almond 60 

Chloroform (ft) 122 

Codeine (ft) 247 

Creosote (ft) 142,143 

Glycyrrhiza 175 

Heroine (ft) 247 

Honey 220 

Hyoscyamus ( ft ) 197 

Ipecac' (ft) 207 

Lemon (ft) 212 

Marrubium 219 

Sanguinaria 289 

Spirit of Nitrous Ether (ft).. 49 

Tar 266 

Tartar Emetic 63 

Tolu (ft) 79,80 

Wild Cherry (ft) 276 

Cretinism. 
Thyroid Gland 172 

Croup. 

Aconite (ft) 43 

Ammonium Bromide (ft)... 96,97 

Belladonna (ft) 82 

Conium 140 

Hydrated Chloral (ft) 119 

Ipecac (ft) 207,208 

Paregoric (ft) 248 

Potassium Bromide (ft) 96 

Cystitis. 

Facsimile Prescription 471 

Acid, Boric 16 

Argyrol 69 

Belladonna (ft) 82 

Benzoates ( ft ) 86 



Cystitis (continued). page 

Citrates (ft) 21 

Copaiba 141 

Cubeb 145 

Elm 322 

Hexamethylenamine ( ft ) 181 

Hyoscyamus (ft) 197 

Opium (ft) 251 

Phenyl Salicylate 34 

Protargol 69 

Quinine 126 

Saw Palmetto 286 

Spirit of Nitrous Ether (ft).. 49 

Triticum 321 

Uva Ursi 325 

Zea 328 

Cystocele. 
Alum 55 

Dandruff. See Alopecia. 

Dermatitis (Drug, Poison Ivy, 
etc.). 

Facsimile Prescription 477 

Acid, Boric 16 

Salicylic (ft) 31 

Bismuth (ft) 93 

Camphor (ft) 108 

Hydrous Wool-fat (ft) 46 

Thymol (ft) 319 

Diabetes. 

Arsenic . . . . 71 

Codeine 245 

Iodol 199 

Saccharin 87 

Diarrhea. 

Facsimile Prescriptions, 437, 439, 441 

Acacia (ft) 10 

Acid, Nitrohydrochloric 28 

Sulphuric (ft) 39 

Betanaphthol (ft) 88 

Bismuth Salts (ft) 91,92 

Brandy 51 

Camphor 106 

Catechu 115 

Cerium 1 16 

Chloroform 120 

Chondrus 123 

Gambir 168 

Geranium 171 

Guarana 179 



CLINICAL INDEX. 



507 



Diarrhea (continued) . page 

Hematoxylon 179 

Kino (B) 210 

Lead Acetate 268 

Magnesium Sulphate (R) 216 

Naphthalene (B) 228 

Opium (U) 248,249 

Phenol ($) 260 

Phenolsulphonates 261 

Phenyl Salicylate (3) 35 

Rubus 286 

Sulphur (B) 91 

Sulphur 311 

Witchhazel 180 

Diphtheria. 

Acid, Lactic 27 

Sulphurous ( R ) 39 

Aconite ($) 43 

Corrosive Mercuric Chloride 

(B) 191 

Digitalis 147 

Hydrogen Peroxide 67 

Lime Water 101 

Nitroglycerin 174 

Potassium Chlorate ( R ) 273 

Silver Nitrate 68 

Strychnine 231 

Tincture of Ferric Chloride 
(B) 164 

Dropsy. 

Facsimile Prescription 463 

Apocynum 65 

Caffeine 98 

Digitalis (R) 148 

Jalap (B) 208 

Potassium Acetate (B) 270 

Potassium Bitartrate (B) 272 

Spirit of Nitrous Ether (B) . . 49 

Squill 294 

Uva Ursi 323 

Dysentery. 

Facsimile Prescriptions, 437, 439, 441 

Acid, Tannic ( Ifc ) 41 

Bismuth Subnitrate ( Ifc ) 91 

Brandy 51 

Chalk, Prepared (3) 102 

Chalk Mixture (3) 102,103 

Chloroform 120 

Chondrus 123 



Dysentery (continued). page 

Elm 322 

Geranium 171 

Ipecac 207 

Krameria 201 

Opium ($) 248,249 

Phenolsulphonates 261 

Phenyl Salicylate ( 3 ) 36 

Silver Nitrate 68 

Sulphur ($) 91 

Sulphur 311 

Dysmenorrhea. 

Belladonna 81 

Bromides (3) 95,96 

Cimicifuga 125 

Gelsemium 169 

Ginger 332 

Viburnum Opulus ( ty ) 327 

Viburnum Pruni folium (B)... 328 

Dysentery, Amebic. 

Facsimile Prescription 469 

Ipecac ( Ifc ) 36 

Phenyl Salicylate ($) 36 

Quinine ($) 131 

Dyspepsia. See Indigestion. 

Ecchymoses. 

Ammonium Chloride 60 

Eclampsia. 

Bromides 94 

Calomel 185 

Elaterin 149 

Physostigmine 263 

Veratrum 326 

Ecthyma. 

Acid, Boric (U) 18 

Resorcinol ( B ) 280 

Tar ($) 267 

Eczema. 

Facsimile Prescription 478 

Acid, Salicylic 30 

Arsenic 71 

Calamine 99 

Calomel (R) 192 

Camphor (I*) 108 

Codliver Oil 238 

Hydrated Chloral (B) 119 

Hydrous Wool-fat ( B ) 4.6 

Oil of Cade (3) 236 

Phenol (B) 261 



508 



CLINICAL INDEX. 



Eczema (continued). page 

Sodium Thiosulphate 305 

Starch 62 

Talcum 315 

Tar (3) 266 

Zinc Oxide 329 

Edema. See Dropsy. 

Endocarditis. 

Salicylates (3) 34 

Endometritis. 

Iodine (3) 202 

Phenol 258 

Silver Nitrate 68 

Eneuresis. 

Belladonna 80 

Bromides 94 

Valerian (3) 324 

Enterocolitis. 
Facsimile Prescriptions ... 437,441 

Acid, Sulphuric 39 

Bismuth Subnitrate (5).... 91,92 

Brandy (U) 52 

Catechu 115 

Chalk Mixture (3) 102,103 

Chloroform 120 

Kino (3) 210 

Magnesium Sulphate 268 

Paregoric (3) 249 

Phenol 260 

Phenyl Salicylate 35 

Tincture of Deodorized Opium 

(3) 249 

Sulphur (3) 91 

Epididymitis. 

Aconite (3) 44 

Guaiacol (3) 178 

Lead Subacetate ( $ ) 268 

Opium (3) ... 251 

Epilepsy. 

Amyl Nitrite 61 

Arsenic 71 

Bromides (3) 95 

Epistaxis. 

Adrenalin 171 

Gambir 168 

Iron 159 

Erysipelas. 

Ichthyol 198 

Iodine 201 



Erysipelas (continued) . page 

Iron (3) 162 

Lead Acetate 268 

Potassium Permanganate 274 

Quinine 126 

Strychnine 228 

Erythema (Venenatum, Scarla- 
tiniforme, etc.) 

Facsimile Prescription 477 

Acetanilide (3)... 12,13 

Acid, Boric (3) 18 

Adrenalin (3) 172 

Bismuth (3) 93 

Chalk (3) 104 

Cocaine (3) 135 

Magnesium (3) 217 

Morphine (3) 252 

Felons. 
Alcohol 51 

Fever Blisters. 

Bismuth (3) 93 

Calomel (3) 191 

Camphor 105 

Cold Cream 284 

Fissure. 

Cocaine 134 

Collodion 138 

Silver Nitrate 68 

Flatulence. 

Acid, Sulphurous 39 

Asafetida (3) 74 

Caraway 114 

Cardamom 113 

Compound Spirit of Ether (3) 48 

Eserine 263 

Fel Bovis 155 

Ginger (3) 332 

Hedeoma 180 

Hops 182 

Lavender, Compound Tincture 

(3) 237 

Nutmeg 227 

Peppermint (3) 221 

Physostigma 263 

Sodium Bicarbonate (3) 300 

Sumbul 312 

Freckles. 

Acid, Salicylic 30 

Alcohol (3) 52 



CLINICAL INDEX. 



509 



Freckles (continued). page 

Corrosive Mercuric Chloride .. 184 

Furunculosis. 

Facsimile Prescription 481 

Acid, Nitrohydrochloric 28 

Aconite (B) 43 

Alcohol ($) 51 

Belladonna (3) 83 

Cataplasm of Kaolin 209 

Ichthyol ($) 198 

Iodine (I*) 201 

Linseed 213 

Lead Plaster (B) 268 

Gall-stones. 

Belladonna 81 

Olive Oil 239 

Opium 245 

Gastric Ulcer. 

Adrenalin 171 

Belladonna 81 

Bismuth Subnitrate 101 

Iron 156 

Magnesium Carbonate 101 

Magnesium Oxide (R. ) 217 

Olive Oil 239 

Silver Nitrate 68 

Sodium Bicarbonate 299 

Goiter. 

Acid, Acetylsalicylic 37 

Arsenic 71 

Digitalis (3) 146 

Ergot (3) 151 

Iodine (3) 201 

Iron Arsenite ( f£ ) 161 

Quinine 126 

Salicylates 32 

Thyroid Gland 172 

Gonorrhea. 

Facsimile Prescription 495 

Acid, Boric (B) 17 

Argyrol ($) 69 

Belladonna ($) 82 

Catechu (B) 115 

Copaiba 141 

Cubeb 145 

Hexamethylenamine (B) 181 

Hydrastine (B) 195 

Lead Acetate (3) 268 

Lithium Benzoate ( B ) 86 



Gonorrhea (continued). page 

Mercury, Corrosive Chloride 

(3) 191 

Methylene Blue 225 

Opium (3) 252 

Phenol (B) 260 

Phenyl Salicylate 34 

Potassium Bromide (B) 96 

Potassium Citrate (B) 21 

Potassium Permanganate (R). 274 

Protargol 69 

Quinine .....*. 126 

Silver Nitrate 68 

Sodium Bromide (Ifc) 96 

Terpin Hydrate 317 

Uva Ursi 323 

Zea 328 

Gout. 

Acid, Acetylsalicylic 37 

Citrates 20 

Colchicum ($) 137 

Hexamethylenamine (B) 181 

Salicylates (B) 34 

Grip. See Influenza. 

Hay Fever. 

Belladonna 81 

Cubeb 145 

Eucalyptol ( B ) 154 

Quinine 126 

Headache. 

Facsimile Prescription 433 

Acetanilide (3) 11,12 

Acetphenetidin 14 

Acid, Acetylsalicylic 37 

Ammonia, Aromatic Spirit (Ifc) 56 

Ammonium Bromide (I$>) 96 

Antipyrine 64 

Caffeine (B) 98 

Camphor, Monobromated (Ifc). 109 

Cannabis Indica 109 

Gelsemium 169 

Heart Disease. 

Caffeine (B) 99 

Convallaria 140 

Digitalis ($) 147-149 

Potassium Acetate (B) 270 

Bromides 94 

Musk 226 

Sparteine (B) 295 



510 



CLINICAL INDEX. 



Heakt Disease (continued). page 

Squill (ft) 294 

Strophanthus 303 

Strychnine (ft) 232 

Valerian (ft) 324 

Hemorrhage. 

Acid, Tannic 40 

Adrenalin 171 

Alum 55 

Calcium Lactate 101 

Calcium Chloride (ft) 102 

Cotton-root Bark 176 

Ergot (ft) 152 

Krameria 210 

Quinine (ft) 128 

Hemorrhoids. 

Acid, Tannic ( ft ) 41 

Adrenalin 171 

Cocaine 135 

Gambir 168 

Hematoxylon 179 

Witchhazel 180 

Herpes. 

Alum (ft) 55 

Arsenic 71 

Bismuth (ft) 93 

Calamine (ft) 99 

Cocaine ( ft ) 136 

Menthol (ft) 224 

Xux Vomica (ft) 233 

Quinine 126 

Hiccough. 

Facsimile Prescription 433 

Acetanilide 12 

Bromides (ft) 96 

Musk 226 

Hookworm. 

Facsimile Prescription 468 

Thymol 319 

Hvpekchlorhvdria. 

Bismuth Subnitrate ( ft ) 92 

Calcium Carbonate (ft) 103 

Magnesium Oxide (ft) 217 

Olive Oil 239 

Sodium Bicarbonate 299 

(See also Gastric Ulcer.) 

Hyperidrosis. 

Acid, Boric (ft) 18 

Camphoric 106 



Hyperidrosis (continued) . page 

Acid, Salicylic (ft) 31 

Alcohol 51 

Alum 55 

Belladonna 81 

Hypertension. 

Facsimile Prescription 449 

Aconite ( ft ) 43 

Amyl Nitrite 61 

Iodides (ft) 205 

Potassium Bitartrate (ft) 272 

Sodium Nitrite (ft) 303 

Veratrum 326 

(See also Apoplexy, Nephritis, 
Uremia, etc.) 

Hysteria. 

Facsimile Prescription 435 

Ammonia ( ft ) 55 

Arsenic ( ft ) 72 

Asafetida (ft) 74 

Camphor, Monobromated 106 

Cypripedium 146 

Ether, Compound Spirit (ft) 47,48 

Ginger (ft) 332 

Glycerophosphates 26 

Hops 182 

Hyoscyamus 196 

Hypophosphites 26 

Lactucarium 211 

Musk 226 

Paraldehyde (ft) 253 

Peppermint 221 

Sumbul (ft) 312,313 

Valerates (ft) 325 

Valerian (ft) 324 

]leocolitis. See Enterocolitis. 

J MrETIGO. 

Bismuth (ft) 93 

Ichthyol 198 

Mercury (ft) 191 

Phenol 258 

Sulphur 311 

Indigestion. 

Facsimile Prescription 456 

Acid, Hydrochloric 23, 24 

Acid, Nitrohydrochloric 28 

Acid, Phosphoric 29 

Belladonna 81 

Betanaphthol 88 



CLINICAL IXDEX. 



511 



Indigestion {continued) . page 

Bismuth (3) 92 

Capsicum Ill 

Charcoal 112 

Chloroform (U) 121 

Euonymus 154 

Hops" 182 

Ipecac (R) 207 

Nux Vomica ( $ ) 231-233 

Oxgall 156 

Pepsin (3) 255,256 

Quassia 277 

Serpentaria 297 

Strychnine (B) 232 

Indigestion, Acute. 

Ammonia ( B ) 56, 57 

Belladonna 81 

Chloroform (3) 122 

Ether (3) 47 

Ipecac (B) 207 

Opium (B) . 249 

Peppermint ( Ifc ) 221 

Valerian (3) 324 

Indolent Ulcers.- See Ulcers. 

Infections, Local. 

Facsimile Prescription 493 

Belladonna ($) 83 

Cresol 144 

Ichthyol (3) 198 

Iodine (B) 201 

Mercury (B) 190 

Potassium Permanganate 274 

Inflammation. See Infections, 
Local. 

Influenza. 

Acetphenetidin ( J£ ) 14 

Acid, Acetylsalicylic (B) 37 

Ammonium ( 3 ) 59 

Belladonna (3) 84 

Caffeine (B) 98 

Camphor (3) 106,107 

Citrates 20 

Codeine (B) 247 

Creosote (3) 143 

Eupatorium 155 

Hyoscyamus (3) 196 

Opium (B) 251 

Phenyl Salicylate ( 3 ) 35 

Quinine (B) 129 



Influenza (continued). page 

Strychnine 228 

Insect Bites. 

Hedeoma 180 

Iodine (3) 201 

Witchhazel 180 

Insomnia. 

Chloralformamide 117 

Hydrated Chloral 118 

Paraldehyde (B) 253 

Sulphonethylmethane ( R ) 309 

Sulphonmethane (B ) 310 

Intestinal Pabasites. See Hook- 
worm, Pinworm, Roundworm, 
Dysentery, etc. 

Itch. See Scabies. 

Jaundice. 

Acid, Xitrohydrochloric 28 

Hexamethylenamine 181 

Mercury 184 

Olive Oil 239 

Sodium Phosphate (3) 303 

(See also Calculi, Malaria, etc.) 

La Grippe. See Influenza. 

Laryngitis. 

Acid, Lactic 27 

Benzoin (3) 85 

Camphor (3) 107 

Creosote (B) 143 

Menthol ($) 223 

(See also Bronchitis, Cough, 
Influenza, etc.) 

Leucorrhea. 

Facsimile Prescription 495 

Boroglyceride ( B ) 18 

Ichthyol (3) 198 

Iodine (B) 202 

Potassium Permanganate (3). 274 
(See also Endometritis, Gonor- 
rhea, etc.) 

Lymphadenitis. 
Facsimile Prescriptions, 479, 481,499 

Belladonna (3) 83 

Ichthyol (3) 198 

Iodine (3) 201 

Guaiacol (B) 178 

Cataplasm of Kaolin 209 

Lymphangitis. See Lymphadenitis. 



512 



CLINICAL INDEX. 



Malaria. page 

Facsimile Prescriptions, 454, 455, 467 

Acid, Sulphuric 39 

Arsenic (3) 71 

Iron ($) 160,161,163 

Methylene Blue 225 

Quinine (3) 128-130 

Mastitis. 

Facsimile Prescription 481 

Aconite ( fy ) 43 

Belladonna (3) 83 

Cataplasm of Kaolin 209 

Ichthyol (3) 198 

Iodine (3) 201 

Menorrhagia. 

Facsimile Prescription 465 

Cotton-root Bark 176 

Ergot (3) 152 

Hydrastis (3) 194 

Quinine (3) 128 

Strychnine (3) 132 

(See also Endometritis, Subin- 
volution, etc.) 

Metrorrhagia. See Menorrhagia. 

Measles. See Bronchitis, Coryza, 
Cough, etc. 

Migraine. See Headache. 

Miliaria. See Prickly Heat. 

Myalgia. 

Facsimile Prescription 498 

Chloroform (3) 123 

Menthol (3) 224 

Soap Liniment 290 

(See also Rheumatism.) 

Nasal Catarrh. 

Facsimile Prescription 485 

Acid, Boric 16 

Eucalyptol (3) 154 

Petrolatum, Liquid (3) 257 

Sodium Bicarbonate (3) 301 

Thymol 318 

Nausea. 

Acid, Hydrocyanic 24 

Adrenalin 171 

Bismuth 92 

Cerium Oxalate (3) 116,117 

Cocaine ( 3 ) 134 

Phenol 258 



Nephritis. page 

Facsimile Prescription 463 

Ammonium Acetate 57 

Calomel 184 

Digitalis (3) 148 

Iodides (3) 205 

Jalap (3) 208 

Oil of Juniper 237 

Oil of Turpentine 316 

Potassium Acetate (3) . . . 270, 271 

Potassium Bitartrate (3) 272 

Squill (3) 294 

Zea 328 

(See also Dropsy, Uremia, etc.) 

Nervousness. See Hysteria, Neu- 
rasthenia, etc. 

Neuralgia. 

Aconite ( 3 ) 44 

Antipyrine 64 

Caffeine (3) 98 

Cannabis Indica 109 

Cantharides Ill 

Chloroform (3) 123 

Colchicum 137 

Gelsemium 169 

Hydrated Chloral 120 

Menthol 223 

Salicylates 32 

(See also Headache and Rheu- 
matism.) 

Neurasthenia. 

Arsenic (3) 72 

Asafetida (3) 74 

Cypripedium 146 

Glycerophosphates 26 

Gold and Sodium Chloride — 78 

Hypophosphites 26 

Lactucarium 211 

Musk 226 

Phosphorus (3) 262 

Sumbul (3) 312,313 

Valerates (3) 325 

Valerian (3) 324 

New Growths. 

Acid, Glacial Acetic 15 

Acid, Nitric 27 

Acid, Trichloracetic 42 

Arsenic 71 

Chromium Trioxide 123 



CLINICAL INDEX. 



513 



New Growths (continued). page 
Potassium Hydroxide 274 

Orchitis. 
Facsimile Prescriptions . . 481, 499 

Belladonna ($) 83 

Gnaiacol (U) 178 

Ichthyol (B) 198 

Lead 268 

Opium (B) 251 

Otitis Media. 

Facsimile Prescription 496 

Alcohol 51 

Phenol (B) 259 

Palpitation. 

Bromides (B) 95 

Hyoscyamus (R.) 196 

Strychnine (U) 232 

Sumbul (U) 312 

Valerates (B) 325 

(See also Hysteria and Neu- 
rasthenia.) 

Pharyngitis. 

Facsimile Prescription 443 

Acid, Sulphurous ( R ) 39 

Acid. Tannic ($) 41 

Antiseptic Solution 16 

Argyrol 69 

Ferric Chloride, Tincture (B). 164 

Potassium Chlorate (ty) 273 

Rhus Glabra 284 

Thymol 318 

Phthisis. See Tuberculosis. 

Pi x worms. 

Castor Oil 239 

Quassia (B) 277 

Quinine (3) 133 

Santonin (B) 290 

Pleurisy. 

Cataplasm of Kaolin 209 

Iodine (U) 201 

Mustard 298 

(See also Bronchitis, Cough, 
and Influenza.) 

Pneumonia. 

Aconite 42 

Alcohol 51 

Ammonium 57 

Camphor 106 

Cataplasm of Kaolin 209 



Pneumonia (continued). page 

Citrates (R) 21 

Codeine 242 

Creosote (3) 142,143 

Ipecac ($) 207 

Mustard 298 

Squill 294 

Strychnine 228 

(See also Bronchitis, Cough, 
and Influenza.) 

Prickly Heat. 

Facsimile Prescription 483 

Acid, Boric (B) 17 

Salicylic (B) 31 

Starch (B) 62 

Zinc Oxide ($) 330 

Pruritus. 

Facsimile Prescription 478 

Acid. Hydrocyanic 24 

Acid. Salicylic 30 

Argyrol 69 

Camphor (3) 108 

Cocaine ( Ifc ) 136 

Hydrated Chloral (3) 119 

Menthol (3) 260.261 

Phenol ($) 260,261 

Starch 62 

Sulphur (I*) 312 

Psoriasis. 

Acid, Salicylic (3) 31 

Chrysarobin ( 3 ) 124 

Collodion (B) 138 

Ether (B) 48 

Purpura. 

Calcium Chloride (3) 102 

Calcium Lactate 101 

Ergot (3) 152 

Pyelitis. 

Citrates 20 

Hexamethylenamine (Ifc) 181 

Methylene Blue 225 

Pareira 253 

Uva Ursi 323 

Renal Colic See Calculi. 

Retention of Urine. See Cal- 
culi and Nephritis. 

Rheumatism. 
Facsimile Prescriptions . . . 445, 498 
Acid, Acetylsalicylic 37 



33 



514 



CLINICAL INDEX. 



Rheumatism (continued). page 

Acid, Salicylic . 30 

Arnica 70 

Belladonna (I*)- 83 

Chloroform (ft) 122 

Citrates 20 

Colchicum (ft) 137 

Guaiac 179 

Guaiacol Carbonate (ft) 178 

Iodides (ft) 204 

Lithium (ft) 20,34 

Mezereum 225 

Oil of Turpentine 316 

Phenyl Salicylate 34 

Salicin 288 

Stillingia 307 

Xanthroxylon 328 

(See also Arthritis.) 

Rhinitis. 

Facsimile Prescriptions ... 485-491 

Acid, Boric 16 

Adrenalin 171 

Antipyrine (ft) 64 

Argy rol 69 

Eucalyptol (ft) 154 

(See also Coryza and Influ- 
enza.) 

Ringworm. See Tinea. 

Roundworms. 

Calomel 185 

Castor Oil 239 

Oil of Turpentine 316 

Phenyl Salicylate (ft) 35 

Santonin (ft) 290 

Spigelia 305 

Thymol 318 

Salivation. 

Acid, Tannic (ft) 40 

Belladonna (ft) 84 

Honey of Rose ( ft ) 285 

Myrrh 227 

Scabies. 

Facsimile Prescription 475 

Betanaphthol (ft) 89 

Chalk (ft) 104 

Lard (ft) 45 

Naphthalene 228 

Oil of Cade (ft) 236 

Resorcinol (ft) 280 



Scabies (continued). page 

Sodium Thiosulphate (ft) 305 

Soft Soap (ft) 290 

Staphisagria 307 

Sulphur (ft) 311 

Seborrhea. 

Betanaphthol (ft) 88,89 

Castor Oil (ft) 240 

Resorcinol (ft) 280 

Spirit of Myrcia (ft) 306 

Sinusitis. 

Facsimile Prescription 491 

Adrenalin 171 

Antipyrine 64 

Benzoin (ft) 85 

Camphor (ft). 107 

Menthol (ft) 223 

(See also Coryza, Influenza, 
Headache, etc.) 

Spasmodic Laryngitis. See Croup. 

Sprain. 

Arnica 70 

Cataplasm of Kaolin 209 

Chloroform (ft) 122 

Lead Acetate 268 

Menthol (ft) 224 

Oil of Turpentine 310 

Opium (ft) 251 

Stomatitis. 

Facsimile Prescription 443 

Acacia (ft) 9 

Acid, Boric 16 

Sulphurous (ft) 39 

Borax 301 

Ferric Chloride, Tincture (ft). 163 

Hydrogen Peroxide 67 

Myrrh (ft) 227 

Potassium Chlorate ( ft ) 273 

Rhus Glabra 284 

Subinvolution. 

Boroglyceride ( ft ) 18 

Ergot (ft) 152 

Glycerin 173 

Hydrastis (ft) 194 

Ichthyol (ft) 198 

Iodine (ft) 202 

Potassium Permanganate (ft). 174 

Quinine (ft) 128 

Strychnine (ft)... 232 



CLINICAL INDEX. 



515 



Syphilis. page 

Facsimile Prescriptions ... 457,473 

Acid, Nitric 27 

Arsenic 71 

Berberis 88 

Iodides (3) 204,205 

Iodoform 199 

Iodol 199 

Mercury, Ammoniated ( R ) . 192, 193 
Mercury, Corrosive Chloride 

($) 187,188,189,191 

Mercury, Mass ( 3 ) 186, 187 

Mercury, Ointment (3) . . 189, 190 
Mercury,Mild Chloride ( $ ) . 186,187 

Mercury, Red Iodide (#) 187 

Mercury, Yellow Iodide ($) . 187,188 
Mercury with Chalk (U).. 186,187 

Sarsaparilla ( B ) 192 

Stillingia 307 

Xanthroxylon 328 

Tapeworm. 

Aspidium ( IJ ) 75 

Chloroform (B) 122 

Croton Oil 241 

Cusso 145 

Granatum 176 

Pelletierine 176 

Pumpkin Seed 253 

Threatened Abortion. See Abor- 
tion, Threatened. 

Tinea. 

Facsimile Prescription 475 

Betanaphthol (B) 89 

Chrysarobin ( Ifc ) 124 

Hydrous Wool- fat ( U ) 46 

Naphthalene 228 

Oil of Cade (B) 235 

Resorcinol 280 

Soft Soap (U) 291 

Sulphur (3) 311 

Tinea Versicolor. 
Corrosive Mercuric Chloride 
(3) 190 

Sodium Thiosulphate ( R ) . . . . 305 
(See also Tinea.) 

Tonsillitis. 
Facsimile Prescriptions, 443, 487, 497 
Acetphenetidin 14 



Tonsillitis (continued). page 

Acid, Acetylsalicylic 37 

Acid, Sulphurous (B) 39 

Acid, Tannic (R) 41 

Aconite (B) 43 

Argyrol (3) 69 

Ferric Chloride, Tincture (R) . 164 

Guaiac 179 

Hydrogen Peroxide 67 

Iodine (B) 201 

Myrrh 227 

Phenyl Salicylate 34 

Phenol (3) 259 

Potassium Chlorate (ffc) 273 

Protargol 69 

Rhus Glabra 284 

Rubus 286 

Salicylates (B) 34 

Silver Nitrate ( $ ) 68 

Toothache. 

Facsimile Prescription 497 

Aconite (B) 43 

Cocaine 134 

Creosote 142 

Iodine (5) 201 

Oil of Cloves 114 

Tuberculosis. 

Acid, Camphoric 100 

Acid, Lactic 27 

Bismuth Paste 90 

Codliver Oil 238 

Codliver Oil (B) 27 

Creosote (B) 142,143 

Creosote Carbonate (B) 142 

Glycerophosphates 26 

Guaiacol 177 

Hypophosphites (R-) 27 

Ichthyol 198 

Iodoform 199 

Olive Oil 239 

Terpin Hydrate 317 

(See also Anorexia, Cough, 
etc.) 

Turgescent Rhinitis. See Rhi- 
nitis, Turgescent. 

Tympanites. 

Asafetida (3) • 74 

Bismuth (U) 91 



516 



CLINICAL INDEX. 



Tympanites (continued). page 

Eserine 263 

Oil of Turpentine (ft) 316 

Oxgall 156 

Phenyl Salicylate (ft) 35 

Typhoid Fever. 

Facsimile Prescription 460 

Asafetida (ft) 74 

Betanaphthol (ft) 88 

Bismuth (ft) 91,92 

Brandy 51 

Calomel (ft) 185 

Citrates 20 

Hexamethylenamine ( ft ) 181 

Glycerophosphates 26 

Hypophosphites 26 

Iodine 200 

Menthol 223 

Naphthalene 228 

Phenyl Salicylate (ft) 35 

Phenolsulphonates 261 

Oil of Turpentine 316 

(See also Diarrhea, Tympani- 
tes, etc.) 

Ulcers. 

Acid, Glacial Acetic 15 

Acid, Nitric 27 

Acid, Trichloracetic 42 

Balsam of Peru (ft) 78 

Calamine 99 

Eucalyptol 154 

Hydrogen Peroxide 67 

Iodine (ft) 201 

Iodol 199 

Mercury (ft) 193 

Protargol 69 

Quinine 126 

Silver Nitrate 68 

Zinc Chloride 329 

Zinc Oxide (ft) 330 

(See also Syphilis, etc.) 

Uremia. 

Calomel 185 

Croton Oil (ft) 242 

Digitalis (ft) 149 

Elaterin 149 

Jalap (ft) 208 

Morphine 245 

Pilocarpine (ft) 264 



Uremia (continued). page 

Sparteine (ft) 295 

Veratrum 326 

(See also Hypertension, Ne- 
phritis, etc.) 

Urethritis. See Cystitis and 
Gonorrhea. 

Vaginitis. 

Facsimile Prescription 495 

Alum 55 

Argyrol (ft) 69 

Boroglyceride (ft) 16 

Iodine (ft) 202 

Lead Acetate 268 

Potassium Permanganate (ft). 274 

Silver Nitrate 68 

Zinc Sulphate 331 

(See also Gonorrhea, Pruritus, 
etc.) 

Vomiting. 

Acetanilide (ft) 11 

Acid, Sulphurous 39 

Amy] Nitrite 61 

Arsenic ( ft ) 73 

Bismuth 90 

Cerium Oxalate (ft) 116 

Cocaine (ft) 134 

Iodine 200 

Peppermint ( ft ) 222 

Phenol 258 

(See also Nausea.) 

Vulvitis. 

Argyrol (ft) 69 

Acid, Salicylic ( ft ) 30 

Cocaine (ft) 136 

Hydrated Chloral (ft) 119 

Phenol (ft) 261 

(See also Leucorrhea, Pruritus, 
Vaginitis, etc.) 

Whooping-cough. 

Facsimile Prescription 427 

Antipyrine ( ft ) 65 

Asafetida 74 

Belladonna (ft) 82 

Benzoin (ft) 85 

Conium 140 

Creosote (ft) 142,143 

Gelsemium . . .- 169 

Hyoscyamus (ft) 197 



CLINICAL INDEX. 



517 



Whooping-cough (continued), page 

Lactucarium ( R. ) 211 

Quinine 126 

Terpin Hydrate 317 

(See also Bronchitis, Cough, 
Laryngitis, etc.) 
Worms. See Hookworms, Pin- 
worms, Roundworms, Tape- 
worms, etc. 
Wounds. 
Alcohol 51 



Wounds (continued) . page 

Cresol 144 

Hydrogen Peroxide ( B ) 67 

Iodine ($) 201 

Iodoform 199 

Iodol 199 

Mercury ( U ) 190 

Potassium Permanganate 274 

Oil of Turpentine 316 

Witchhazel 180 

(See also Infections, Local.) 



GENERAL INDEX. 



PAGE 

Abbreviations 350 

Abortifacient 2 

Absolute Alcohol 50 

Absorbent Cotton 176 

Acacia 9 

Acetanilide 10 

Acetanilidum 10 

Acetic Acid 15 

Acetic Ether 48 

Acetone 13 

Acetonum 13 

Acetphenetidin 13 

Acetphenetidinum 13 

Acetum 13 

Opii 242 

Scillae 294 

Acetylsalicylic Acid 37 

Acid, Acetic 15 

Acetic, Diluted 15 

Acetic, Glacial 15 

Acetylsalicylic 37 

Arsenous 70 

Benzoic 85 

Boracic 15 

Boric 15 

Camphoric 106 

Carbolic 257 

Citric 18 

Chromic 123 

Gallic 22 

Hydriodic, Diluted 202 

Hydrobromic, Diluted 22 

Hydrochloric 22 

Hydrochloric, Diluted 23 

Hydrocyanic, Diluted 24 

Hypophosphorous 24 

Hypophosphorous, Diluted 25 

Lactic 27 

Muriatic 22 

Nitric 27 

Nitric, Diluted 27 



PAGE 

Acid, Nitrohydrochloric 28 

Nitrohydrochloric, Diluted .... 28 

Nitromuriatic 28 

Oleic 28 

Phosphoric 28 

Phosphoric, Diluted . . . 28 

Prussic, Diluted 24 

Salicylic 29 

Stearic 37 

Sulphuric 38 

Sulphuric, Aromatic 38 

Sulphuric, Diluted 38 

Sulphurous 39 

Tannic 40 

Tartaric 41 

Trichloracetic 42 

Acids 5 

Acidum Aceticum 15 

Aceticum Dilutum 15 

Aceticum Glaciale 15 

A cetylsalicylicum 37 

Benzoicum . . . 85 

Boricum 15 

Camphoricum 106 

Citricum 18 

Gallicum 22 

Hydriodicum Dilutum 202 

Hydrobromicum Dilutum 22 

Hydrochloricum 22 

Hydrochloricum Dilutum 23 

Hydrocyanicum Dilutum 24 

Hypophosphorosum 24 

Hypophosphorosum Dilutum .. 25 

Lacticum 27 

Nitricum 27 

Nitricum Dilutum 27 

Nitrohydrochloricum 28 

Nitrohydrochloricum Dilutum. 28 

Oleicum 28 

Phosphoricum 28 

Phosphoricum Dilutum 28 

(519) 



520 



GENERAL INDEX. 



PAGE 

Acidum Picricum 29 

Salicylicum 29 

Stearicum 37 

Sulphuricum 38 

Sulphuricum Aromaticum 3& 

Sulphuricum Dilutum 38 

Sulphurosum 39 

Tannicum 40 

Tartaricum 41 

Trichloraceticum 42 

Aconite 42 

Fluidextract 42 

Tincture 42 

Aconitina 42 

Aconitine 42 

Aconitum 42 

Adeps 44 

Benzoinatus 44 

Lanae 45 

Lanae Hydrosus 45 

Adhesive Plaster 268 

Adjuvant 359 

Elixir 175 

Adrenalin 171,172 

iEther 46 

Aceticus 48 

^Ethylis Carbamas 50 

Chloridum 50 

Alcohol 5, 50 

Absolute 50 

Absolutum 50 

Diluted 50 

Dilutum 50 

Ethyl 50 

Aldehyde 5 

Alkali 6 

Alkaloid 5 

Allspice 265 

Almond, Bitter 60 

Sweet 60 

Aloe 52 

Purificata 53 

Aloes 52 

Aloin 53 

Aloinum 53 

Alterative 2 

Althaea 54 

Alum 54 



PAGE 

Alum, Burnt 54 

Dried 54 

Exsiccated 54 

Alumen 54 

Exsiccatum 54 

Alumini Hydroxidum 55 

Sulphas 55 

Aluminum Hydroxide 55 

Sulphate 55 

American Hellebore 325 

Ammonia Liniment 57 

Water 55 

Water, Stronger 56 

Ammoniated Glycyrrhizin 175 

Mercury 182 

Mercury, Ointment of 183 

Tincture of Guaiac 179 

Tincture of Valerian 323 

Ammonii Benzoas 86 

Bromidum 94 

Carbonas 57 

Chloridum 58 

Iodidum 202 

Salicylas 32 

Valeras 324 

Ammonio-ferric Alum 157 

Ammonium 55 

Benzoate 86 

Bromide 94 

Carbonate 57 

Chloride 58 

Iodide 202 

Muriate 58 

Salicylate 32 

Valerate 324 

Amygdala Amara 60 

Dulcis 60 

Amyl Nitrite 61 

Amylis Nitris 61 

Amylum 61 

Anesthetic 4 

Anaphrodisiac 5 

Animal Charcoal 112 

Charcoal, Purified 112 

Anise 62 

Oil 62 

Spirit 62 

Water 62 



GENERAL INDEX. 



521 



PAGE 

Anisum 62 

Anodyne 4 

Antacid 4 

Anthelmintic 1 

Anthemis 63 

Antidiphtheric Serum 297 

Antiemetic 4 

Antifebrin 10 

Antigalactagogue 2 

Antilithic 2 

Antimalarial 4 

Antimonii et Potassii Tartras ... 63 
Antimony and Potassium Tar- 
trate 63 

Antiphlogistic 2 

Antipyretic 2 

Antipyrina 64 

Antipyrine 64 

Antirheumatic 4 

Antiscorbutic 4 

Antiseptic 1 

Solution 16 

Antisialagogue 2 

Antisialic 2 

Antispasmodic 4 

Antisyphilitic 4 

Antitoxin, Diphtheria 297 

Antizymotic 4 

Aperient 1 

Aphrodisiac 5 

Apocynum 65 

Fluidextract 65 

Apomorphinae Hydrochloridum .. 244 

Apomorphine Hydrochloride .... 244 

Apothecaries' Measures 338 

Weights 338 

Approximate Measures 339 

Aqua 66 

Ammonise 55 

Ammoniae Fortior 56 

Amygdalae Amarae 60 

Anisi 62 

Aurantii Florum 76 

Aurantii Florum Fortior 76 

Camphorse 105 

Chlorof ormi 120 

Cinnamomi 132 

Creosoti 142 



page 

Aqua Destillata 66 

Fceniculi 167 

Fortis 27 

Hamamelidis 180 

Hydrogenii Dioxidi 67 

Menthse Piperitae 220 

Regia 28 

Rosae 284 

Rosas Fortior 284 

Aquae 65 

Argentum 67 

Argenti Cyanidum 67 

Nitras 67 

Nitras Fusus 68 

Nitras Mitigatus 68 

Oxidum 68 

Argyrol 69 

Arnica 69 

Tincture 70 

Aromatic Elixir 76 

Elixir of Eriodictyon 153 

Fluidextract 132 

Fluidextract of Cascara Sa- 

grada 281 

Powder 132 

Solution of Pepsin 254 

Spirit of Ammonia 56 

Syrup of Eriodictyon 153 

Sulphuric Acid 38 

Syrup of Rhubarb 283 

Tincture of Rhubarb 283 

Arrangement of Prescriptions . . 392 

Arseni Iodidum 70 

Trioxidum 70 

Arsenic 70 

Antidote 158 

Trioxide 70 

White 70 

Arsenous Acid 70 

Iodide 70 

Arsenum 70 

Asaf etida 73 

Emulsion 73 

Pills 73 

Tincture 73 

Asafcetida 73 

Astringent 4 

Aspidium 74 



522 



GENERAL INDEX. 



PAGE 

Aspidium Oleoresin 74 

Aspirin 37 

Atrophia 81 

Atropinse Sulphas 81 

Atropine 81 

Sulphate 81 

Attar of Rose 284 

Aurantii Amari Cortex 75 

Dulcis Cortex 75 

Auri et Sodii Chloridum 78 

Avoirdupois Weights 337 

Balsam of Copaiba 140 

of Peru 78 

of Tolu 79 

Balsams 5 

Balsamum Peruvianum 78 

Tolutanum 79 

Bark 6 

Base .' 6 

Bashanrs Mixture 158 

Basic Substance 6 

Basis 359 

Bay Rum 306 

Bearberry 323 

Belladonna 80 

Leaves SO 

Leaves, Extract of 80 

Leaves, Tincture of 80 

Liniment 81 

Plaster 80 

Root 80 

Root, Fluidextract of 81 

Belladonna? Folia 80 

Radix 80 

Benzaldehyde 84 

Benzaldehydum 84 

Benzin 84 

Purified 84 

Benzinum 84 

Purificatum 84 

Benzoates 86 

Benzoic Acid 85 

Benzoin 84 

Tincture 85 

Tincture. Compound 85 

Benzoinated Lard 44 

Benzoinum 84 



page 

Benzosulphinide 87 

Benzosulphinidum 87 

Berberis 87 

Fluidextract 87 

Betanaphthol 88 

Bichloride of Mercury 183 

Biniodide of Mercury 183 

Bismuth 90 

Citrate 90 

and Ammonium Citrate 90 

Subcarbonate 90 

Subgallate 90 

Subnitrate 90 

Subsalicylate 90 

Bismuthi Citras 90 

et Ammonii Citras 90 

Subcarbonas 90 

Subgallas 90 

Subnitras 90 

Subsalicylas 90 

Bitter Almond 60 

Apple 138 

Orange Peel 73 

Orange Peel, Fluidextract .... 75 

Orange Peel, Tincture 75 

Wine of Iron 157 

Blackberry 286 

Black Cohosh 124 

Drop 242 

Haw 327 

Mustard 298 

Pepper 265 

Snake-root 124 

Blaud's Pills 157 

Bloodroot 288 

Blue Mass 182 

Ointment 182 

Stone 145 

Vitriol 145 

Boneblack 112 

Boneset 154 

Boracic Acid 15 

Borax 300 

Boric Acid 15 

Boroglyceride, Solution 16 

Brandy 50 

Bromides 94 

Bromine 94 



GENERAL INDEX. 



523 



PAGE 

Bromof orm 94 

Bromof ormum 94 

Bromum 94 

Broom 294 

Brown Mixture 175 

Buchu 97 

Fluidextract 97 

Buckthorn 167 

Bulb 6 

Burdock 211 

Burnt Alum : 54 

Cacao Butter 241 

Caffeina 97 

Citrata 98 

Citrata Effervescens 98 

Caffeine 97 

Citrated 98 

Citrated, Effervescent 98 

Calabar Bean 262 

Calamina Prseparata 99 

Calamine, Prepared 99 

Calamus 100 

Fluidextract 100 

Calcii Bromidum 94 

Carbonas Praecipitatus 100 

Chloridum 100 

Glycerophosphas 26 

Hypophosphis 25 

Lactas 101 

Phosphas Praecipitatus 100 

Sulphas Exsiccatus 100 

Calcined Magnesia 215 

Calcium 100 

Bromide 94 

Carbonate Precipitated 100 

Chloride 100 

Glycerophosphate 26 

Hypophosphite 25 

Lactate 101 

Phosphate, Precipitated 100 

Sulphate, Exsiccated 100 

Calculating- Amounts on Pre- 
scriptions 368 

Calendula 104 

Tincture 104 

Calomel 183 

Calumba 104 



page 

Calumba, Fluidextract 104 

Tincture 104 

Calx 100 

Chlorinata 100 

Sulphurata 100 

Cambogia 105 

Camphor 105 

Cerate 105 

Liniment 105 

Monobromated 106 

Spirit 105 

Water 105 

Camphora 105 

Monobromata 106 

Camphorated Tincture of Opium. 243 

Camphoric Acid 106 

Canadian Hemp 65 

Cannabis Indica 109 

Cantharidal Collodion Ill 

Cantharides 110 

Cerate 110 

Collodion Ill 

Tincture Ill 

Cantharis 110 

Capsicum Ill 

Fluidextract Ill 

Oleoresin Ill 

Plaster Ill 

Tincture Ill 

Caraway 1 14 

Oil 114 

Carbo Animalis 112 

Animalis Purificatus 112 

Ligni 112 

Carbolic Acid 257 

Carbon Copies- of Prescriptions.. 389 

Disulphide 1 12 

Carbonei Disulphidum 112 

Cardamom 112 

Tincture 113 

Tincture, Compound 113 

Cardamomum 112 

Care as to Writing Prescriptions. 391 
of Carbon Copies of Prescrip- 
tions 390 

Carminative 2 

Carolina Jasmine 169 

Carron Oil 101 



>24 



GENERAL INDEX. 



PAGE 

Carum 1 14 

Caryophrllus 114 

Cascara Sagrada 280 

Extract 280 

Fluidextract 281 

Fluidextract, Aromatic 281 

Cassia Fistula 114 

Castile Soap 290 

Castor Oil 239 

Cataplasma Kaolini 209 

Cataplasm of Kaolin 209 • 

Catechu 115 

Tincture, Compound 115 

Cathartic 1 

Caustic 68 

Potash 273 

Soda 302 

Caustics 3 

Cayenne Pepper Ill 

Cera Alba 116 

Flava 115 

Cerate 116 

Camphor 105 

Cantharides 110 

of Lead Subacetate 267 

Cerates 115 

Ceratum 115 

Camphorae 105 

Cantharidis 110 

Plumbi Subacetatis 267 

Cerii Oxalas 116 

Cerium Oxalate 116 

Cetaceum 117 

Ceylon Cinnamon 132 

Chalk Mixture 101 

Chalybeate Pills 157 

Chamomile, German 219 

Roman 63 

Charcoal, Animal 112 

Animal, Purified 112 

Wood : 112 

Charta 117 

Sinapis 298 

Chili Saltpetre 302 

Chimaphila 117 

Chirata 117 

Fluidextract „ 117 

Chloral 118 



PAGE 

Chloralformamide 117 

Chloralformamidum 117 

Chloralum Hydratum 118 

Chlorinated Lime 100 

Chloroform 120 

Emulsion 120 

Liniment 120 

Spirit 120 

Water 120 

Chlorof ormum 120 

Choice of Vehicles for Prescrip- 
tions 371 

Cholagogues 2 

Chondrus 123 

Chromii Trioxidum 123 

Chromium Trioxide 123 

Chrysarobin 123 

Ointment 123 

Chrysarobinum 123 

Cimicifuga 124 

Extract 124 

Fluidextract 124 

Tincture 124 

Cinchona 125 

Fluidextract 125 

Rubra 125 

Tincture 125 

Tincture, Compound 125 

Cinchonidinae Sulphas 126 

Cinchonidine Sulphate 126 

Cinchonina? Sulphas 126 

Cinchonine Sulphate 126 

Cinnaldehydum 133 

Cinnamic Aldehyde 133 

Cinnamomum Saigonicum 132 

Zeylanicum 132 

Cinnamon, Ceylon 132 

Saigon 132 

Spirit 132 

Tincture 132 

Water 132 

Citrated Caffeine 98 

Citrates 19 

Citric Acid 18 

Citrine Ointment 184 

Clarified Honey 220 

Cloves 114 

Oil 114 



GENERAL INDEX. 



52' 



PAGE 

Coated Tablets 314 

Coca 133 

Fluidextract 133 

Wine 133 

Cocaina 133 

Cocainae Hydrochloridum 134 

Cocaine 133 

Hydrochloride 134 

Oleate 134 

Coccus 136 

Cochineal 136 

Cocoa Butter 241 

Codeina 244 

Codeinse Phosphas 244 

Sulphas 244 

Codeine 244 

Phosphate 244 

Sulphate 244 

Codliver Oil 238 

Emulsion 238 

Emulsion with Hypophosphites. 238 

Colchici Cormus 136 

Semen 137 

Colchicina 137 

Colchicine 137 

Colchicum Corm 136 

Extract 136 

Fluidextract 137 

Seed 137 

Tincture 137 

Wine 137 

Cold Cream 284 

Collodion 138 

Cantharidal Ill 

Flexible 138 

Styptic 40 

Collodions 137 

Collodium 138 

Cantharidatum Ill 

Flexile 138 

Colocynth 138 

Extract 139 

Extract, Compound 139 

Colocynthis 138 

Columbo 104 

Comparative Dosage of Prepa- 
rations 383 

Compound Acetanilide Powder .. 10 



page 

Compound Cathartic Pills 139 

Chalk Powder 101 

Digestive Elixir 254 

Effervescing Powder 275 

Ethers 5 

Extract of Colocynth 139 

Fluidextract of Sarsaparilla . . 292 

Infusion of Senna 296 

I ron Mixture 156 

Laxative Pills 53 

Mixture of Glycyrrhiza 175 

Morphine Powder 244 

Pills of Rhubarb 283 

Powder of Glycyrrhiza 175 

Powder of Jalap 208 

Powder of Rhubarb 283 

Solution of Cresol 144 

Solution of Iodine 200 

Solution of Sodium Phosphate. 303 

Spirit of Ether 47 

Spirit of Juniper 236 

Spirit of Orange 76 

Syrup of Glycerophosphates . . 158 

Syrup of Hypophosphites 26 

Syrup of Sarsaparilla '. 292 

Syrup of Squill 294 

Tincture of Benzoin 85 

Tincture of Cardamom 113 

Tincture of Cinchona 125 

Tincture of Gambir 168 

Tincture of Gentian 170 

Tincture of Lavender 237 

Compressed Tablets 394 

Concentrated Mixtures 378 

Confectio 139 

Rosas 284 

Sennas 296 

Confection of Rose 284 

of Senna 296 

Confections 139 

Conium 140 

Fluidextract 140 

Convailaria 140 

Fluidextract 140 

Cooking Soda 299 

Copaiba 140 

Oil 140 



526 



GENERAL INDEX. 



PAGE 

Copies of Prescriptions to Suc- 
cessor 391 

Copper Sulphate 145 

Copperas 158 

Coriander 141 

Oil 141 

Coriandrum 141 

Corms 6 

Corn Silk 328 

Corrective 359 

Corrosive Mercuric Chloride . . . 183 

Sublimate 183 

Cotton, Absorbent 176 

-root Bark 176 

Couch-grass 321 

Counterirritant 3 

Cramp-bark 326 

Cranesbill 171 

Cream of Tartar 271 

Creosotal 142 

Creosote 141 

Carbonate 142 

Water 142 

Creosotum 141 

Cresol 144 

Compound Solution 144 

Creta Pra?perata 101 

Croton Oil 241 

Cubeb 144 

Fluidextract 145 

Oil 145 

Oleoresin 145 

Troches 145 

Cubeba 144 

Cubic Centimeter 342 

Culver's Root 211 

Cupri Sulphas 145 

Cusso 145 

Cypripedium 145 

Dandelion 315 

Deadly Night-shade 80 

Decoctions 146 

Decoctum 146 

Definitions 1 

Deliriant 3 

Delirifacient 3 

Demulcent 3 



page 

Deodorant 1 

Deodorized Opium 242 

Depressant 3 

Desiccated Suprarenal Glands . . 171 

Thyroid Glands 172 

Diachylon Ointment 268 

Plaster 268 

Diaphoretic 4 

Digestant 4 

Digitalin 146 

Digitalinum 146 

Digitalis 146 

Extract 146 

Fluidextract 146 

Infusion 146 

Tincture 146 

Diluted Acetic Acid 15 

Alcohol 50 

Hydriodic Acid 202 

Hydrochloric Acid 23 

Hydrocyanic Acid 24 

Hypophosphorous Acid 25 

Lunar Caustic 68 

Muriatic Acid 23 

Nitric Acid 27 

Nitrohydrochloric Acid 28 

Nitromuriatic Acid 28 

Phosphoric Acid 28 

Prussic Acid 24 

Solution of Lead Subacetate . . 267 

Sulphuric Acid 38 

Diphtheria Antitoxin 297 

Disinfectant 1 

Dispensatory 384 

Dispensing Tablets 314 

Distilled Water 66 

Diuretic 2 

Dog Button 228 

Domestic Measures 398 

Donovan's Solution 70 

Dover's Powder 243 

Drastics 1 

Dried Alum 54 

Ecbolics 2 

Effervescent Citrated Caffeine . . 98 

Magnesium Sulphate _ 215 

Potassium Citrate 19 



GENERAL INDEX. 



527 



PAGE 

Effervescent Sodium Phosphate. 303 

Elastica 149 

Elaterin 149 

Trituration 149 

Elaterinum 149 

Elixir Adjuvant 175 

Aromatic 76 

Aromaticum 76 

Digestive Compound 254 

Digestivum Compositum 254 

Eriodictyi Aromaticum 153 

Ferri, Quininae et Strychninae 

Phosphatum 157 

of Iron, Quinine and Strych- 
nine Phosphates 157 

of Lactated Pepsin 254 

of Orange 76 

of Paraldehyde 253 

of Vitriol 33 

Elixirs 150 

Elm 322 

Mucilage 322 

Emetics 4 

Emmenagogues 2 

Emollients 3 

Emplastrum 150 

Adhesivum 268 

Belladonnas 80 

Capsici Ill 

Hydrargyri 182 

Opii 243 

Plumbi 268 

Saponis 290 

Emulsion of Almond 60 

of Asafetida 73 

of Chloroform 120 

of Codliver Oil 238 

of Codliver Oil with Hypo- 
phosphite 238 

of Oil of Turpentine 316 

Emulsions 150 

Emulsum 150 

Amygdalae 60 

Asaf cetidse 73 

Chloroformi 120 

Olei Morrruas 238 

Olei Morrhuas cum Hypophos- 

phitibus 238 



PAGE 

Emulsum Olei Terebinthinae .... 316 

Epinephrin 171 

Epinephrina 171 

Epispastics 3 

Epsom Salts 215 

Ergot 150 

Extract 151 

Fluidextract 151 

Wine 151 

Ergota 150 

Eriodictyon 152 

Elixir, Aromatic 153 

Fluidextract 152 

Syrup, Aromatic 153 

Errhine 4 

Errors in Prescribing 397 

Erythroxylon 133 

Escharotic 3 

Eserine Salicylate 262 

Sulphate 263 

Essence of Peppermint 220 

Esters 5 

Ether 46 

Ethers 5 

Ethyl Carbamate 50 

Chloride 50 

Ether 46 

Eucalyptol 153 

Eucalyptus 153 

Fluidextract 153 

Oil 153 

Eugenol 114 

Euonymus 154 

Extract 154 

Fluidextract 154 

Eupatorium 154 

Fluidextract 154 

Examining the Medicine after 

Prescribing 398 

Excitants 3 

Expectorants 2 

Expressed Oil of Almond 60 

Exsiccated Alum 54 

Calcium Sulphate 100 

Ferrous Sulphate 158 

Sodium Arsenate 70 

Sodium Phosphate 303 

Extract of Aloes 52 



528 



GENERAL INDEX. 



PAGE 

Extract of Belladonna Leaves . . 80 

of Cascara Sagrada 280 

of Cimicif uga 124 

of Colchicum Corm 136 

of Colocynth 139 

of Colocynth, Compound 139 

of Digitalis 146 

of Ergot 151 

of Euonymus 154 

of Gentian 169 

of Glycyrrhiza 175 

of Glycyrrhiza, Pure 175 

of Hematoxylon 179 

of Hyoscyamus 195 

of Indian Cannabis 109 

of Krameria 210 

of Leptandra 211 

of Malt 217 

of Nux Vomica 228 

of Opium 243 

of Physostigma 262 

of Quassia 277 

of Rhamnus Purshiana 280 

of Rhubarb 282 

of Scopola 295 

of Stramonium 307 

of Sumbul 312 

of Taraxacum 315 

Extracts 155 

Extractum 155 

Aloes 52 

Belladonnas Foliorum 80 

Cannabis Indicae 109 

Cimicif ugas 124 

Colchici Cormi 136 

Colocynthidis 139 

Colocynthidis Compositum .... 139 

Digitalis 146 

Ergots 151 

Euonymi 154 

Gentians 169 

Glycyrrhizae 175 

Glycyrrhizae Purum 175 

Haematoxyli 179 

Hyoscyami 195 

Krameriae 210 

Leptandrae 211 

Malti 217 



PAGE 

Extractum Nucis Vomicae 228 

Opii , 243 

Quassiae 277 

Rhamni Purshianae 280 

Rhei 282 

Physostigmatis 262 

Scopolae 295 

Stramonii 307 

Sumbul 312 

Taraxaci 315 

Febrifuges 2 

Fel Boris 155 

Inspissatus 156 

Purificatum 156 

Fennel 167 

Oil 167 

Water 167 

Ferri Carbonas Saccharatus .... 156 

Chloridum 157 

Citras 157 

et Ammonii Citras 157 

et Ammonii Sulphas 157 

et Ammonii Tartras 157 

et Potassii Tartras 157 

et Quininae Citras 157 

et Quininae Citras Solubilis .... 157 

et Strychninae Citras 157 

Hydroxidum 158 

Hydroxidum cum Magnesii 

Oxido 158 

Hypophosphis 158 

Phosphas Solubilis 157 

Pyrophosphas Solubilis 158 

Sulphas 158 

Sulphas Exsiccatus 158 

Sulphas Granulatus 158 

Ferric Alum 157 

Ammonium Sulphate 157 

Chloride 157 

Citrate 157 

Hydroxide 158 

Hydroxide with Magnesium 

Oxide 158 

Hypophosphite 25 

Phosphate, Soluble 157 

Pyrophosphate, Soluble 158 

Ferrous Sulphate 158 



GENERAL INDEX. 



529 



PAGE 

Ferrous Sulphate. Exsiccated . . 158 

Sulphate, Granulated 158 

Ferruginous Pills 157 

Ferrum 156 

Reductum 156 

Ficus 164 

Fig 164 

Flaxseed 213 

Flexible Collodion 138 

Flowers 6 

of Sulphur 310 

Fluidextract of Aconite 42 

of Apocynum 65 

of Belladonna Root 81 

of Berberis 87 

of Bitter Orange Peel ........ 75 

of Buchu 97 

of Calamus 100 

of Calumba 104 

of Capsicum Ill 

of Cascara Sagrada 281 

of Cascara Sagrada, Aromatic. 281 

of Chimaphila 117 

of Chirata 117 

of Cimicifuga 124 

of Cinchona 125 

of Coca 133 

of Colchicum Seed 137 

of Conium 140 

of Convallaria 140 

of Cubeb 145 

of Cypripedium 145 

of Digitalis 146 

of Ergot 151 

of Eriodictyon 153 

of Eucalyptus 153 

of Euonymus 154 

of Eupatorium 154 

of Frangula 168 

of Gelsemium 169 

of Gentian 169 

of Geranium 171 

of Ginger 332 

of Glycyrrhiza 175 

of Grindelia 177 

of Guarana 179 

of Hamamelis Leaves 180 

of Hydrastis 193 



PAGE 

Fluidextract of Hoscyamus .... 195 

of Indian Cannabis 109 

of Ipecac 206 

of Krameria 210 

of Lappa 211 

of Leptandra 211 

of Lobelia 214 

of Lupulin 181 

of Matico 219 

of Mezereum 225 

of Xux Vomica 228 

of Pareira 253 

of Phytolacca 263 

of Pilocarpus 263 

of Podophyllum 269 

of Pomegranate 176 

of Quassia 277 

of Quercus 278 

of Quillaja 278 

of Rhamnus Purshiana 281 

of Rhamnus Purshiana, Aro- 
matic 281 

of Rhubarb 282 

of Rhus Glabra 284 

of Rose 284 

of Rubus 286 

of Sabal 286 

of Sanguinaria 288 

of Sarsaparilla 292 

of Sarsaparilla, Compound .... 292 

of Scopola 295 

of Scutellaria 296 

of Senega 296 

of Senna 295 

of Serpentaria 297 

of Spigelia 305 

of Squill 294 

of Staphisagria 307 

of Stillingia 307 

of Stramonium 307 

of Sumbul 312 

of Taraxacum 315 

of Triticum 321 

of Uva Ursi 323 

of Valerian 323 

of Veratrum 325 

of Viburnum Opulus 326 

of Viburnum Prunifolium 327 



34 



530 



GENERAL INDEX. 



PAGE 

Fluiclextract of Wild Cherry . . 275 

of Xanthoxylum 328 

Fluidextracts 165 

Fluidextractum 165 

Aconiti 42 

Apocyni 65 

Aromaticum 132 

Aurantii Amari 75 

Belladonnas Radicis 81 

Berberis 87 

Buchu 97 

Calami 100 

Calumbas 104 

Cannabis Indicae 109 

Capsici Ill 

Cimicifugas 124 

Cinchonae 125 

Cocas 133 

Colchici Seminis 137 

Conii 140 

Convallariae 140 

Cubebae 145 

Digitalis 146 

Ergotae 151 

Eriodictyi 152 

Eucalypti 153 

Euonymi 154 

Eupatorii 154 

Frangulae 168 

Gelsemii 169 

Gentianae 169 

Geranii 171 

Glycyrrhizae 175 

Granati 176 

Grindeliae 177 

Guaranae 179 

Hamamelidis Foliorum 180 

Hydrastis 193 

Hyoscyami 195 

Ipecacuanhas 206 

Krameriae 210 

Lappas 211 

Leptandras 211 

Lobelias 214 

Lupulini 181 

Matico 219 

Mezerei 225 

Nucis Vomicae 228 



page 

Fluidextractum Fareiras 253 

Phytolacca? 263 

Pilocarpi 263 

Podophylli 269 

Pruni Virginianas 275 

Quassias 277 

Quercus 278 

Quillajas 278 

Rhamni Purshianas 281 

Rhamni Purshianas Aromati- 
cum 281 

Rhei 282 

Rhois Glabrae 284 

Rosae 284 

Rubi 286 

Sabal 286 

Sanguinarias 288 

Sarsaparillas 292 

Sarsaparillas Compositum 292 

Scillae 294 

Scopolas 295 

Scutellariae 296 

Senegas 296 

Sennas 296 

Serpentarias 297 

Spigelias 305 

Staphisagrias 307 

Stillingias 307 

Stramonii 307 

Sumbul 312 

Taraxaci 315 

Tritici 321 

Uvae Ursi 323 

Valerianae 323 

Veratri 325 

Viburni Opuli 326 

Viburni Prunifolii 327 

Xanthoxyli 328 

Zingiberis 332 

Fceniculum 167 

Formaldehyde 167 

Solution 167 

Troches 167 

Formaldehydum 167 

Formalin 167 

Forms of Administration 380 

Fowler's Solution 70 

Foxglove 146 



GENERAL INDEX. 



531 



PAGE 

Frangula 167 

Fluidextract 168 

Fruit 6 

Galactagogue 2 

Galla 168 

Gallic Acid 22 

Gambir 168 

Tincture, Compound 168 

Troches 168 

Gamboge 105 

Gelatin 169 

Glycerinated 169 

Gelatinum 169 

Glycerinatum 169 

Gelsemium 169 

Fluidextract 169 

Tincture 169 

Gentian 169 

Extract 169 

Fluidextract 169 

Tincture, Compound 170 

Gentiana 169 

Geranium 171 

Fluidextract 171 

German Chamomile 219 

Germicides 1 

Ginger 332 

Fluidextract 332 

Oleoresin 332 

Syrup 332 

Tincture 332 

Glacial Acetic Acid 15 

Glandulse Syprarenales Siccse . . . 171 

Thyroideae Siccse 172 

Glauber's Salt 304 

Glucosides 5 

Glycerin 172 

Suppositories 172 

Glycerinated Gelatin 169 

Glycerinum 172 

Glycerite of Borogylcerin 16 

of Hydrastis 193 

of Iron, Quinine and Strych- 
nine Phosphates 157 

of Phenol 258 

of Starch 61 

of Tannic Acid 40 



page 

Glycerites 174 

Glyceritum 174 

Acidi Tannici 40 

Amyli 61 

Boroglycerini 16 

Ferri, Quininae et Strychnines 

Phosphatum 157 

Hydrastis 193 

Phenolis 258 

Glycerophosphates 26 

Glycyrrhiza 175 

Extract 175 

Extract, Pure 175 

Fluidextract 175 

Mixture 175 

Powder, Compound 175 

Troches, with Opium 175 

Glycyrrhizinum Ammoniatum ... 175 

Glyceryl Trinitrate 174 

Glycerylis Nitras 174 

Gold and Sodium Chloride 78 

Golden Seal 193 

Gossypii Cortex 176 

Gossypium Purificatum 175 

Goulard's Cerate 267 

Extract 267 

Gramme 341 

Granatum 176 

Granulated Ferrous Sulphate . . . 159 

Opium 242 

Sugar 287 

Green Iodide of Mercury 183 

Soap 291 

Soap, Tincture 291 

Vitriol 158 

Griffith's Mixture 156 

Grindelia 177 

Fluidextract 177 

Guaiac 178 

Tincture 179 

Tincture, Ammoniated 179 

Guaiacol 177 

Carbonate 177 

Guaiacolis Carbonas 177 

Guaiacum 178 

Guarana 179 

Fluidextract 179 

Gum Aloes 52 



532 



GENERAL INDEX. 



PAGE 

Gum Arabic 9 

Benzoin 84 

Camphor 105 

-resins 5 

Gums 5 

Guncotton 277 

Hsematinics 5 

Hsematoxylon 179 

Extract . . 179 

Haemostatics 4 

Hamamelidis Cortex 180 

Folia 180 

Hamamelis 179 

Bark 180 

Leaves 180 

Leaves, Fluidextract 180 

Water 180 

Hard Soap 290 

Hartshorn 55 

Heavy Magnesium Oxide 215 

Hedeoma . . 180 

Oil 180 

Hellebore 325 

Hemlock 140 

Hemp, Canadian 65 

Henbane 195 

Herbs 6 

Heroina 245 

Heroinse Hydrochloridum 245 

Heroine Hydrochloride 245 

Hexamethylenamina 180 

Hexamethylenamine 180 

Hive Syrup 294 

Hoffman's Anodyne 47 

Honey 220 

Clarified 220 

of Rose 284 

Hops 181 

Horehound 218 

Humulus 181 

Hydragogues 1 

Hydrargyri Chloridum Corrosi- 

vum 183 

Chloridum Mite 183 

Iodidum Flavum 183 

Iodidum Rubrum 183 

Oxidum Flavum 183 



page 

Hydrargyri Oxidum Rubrum . . 183 

Hydrargyrum 182 

Ammoniatum 182 

cum Creta 182 

Hydrastin 194 

Hydrastina 193 

Hydrastinse Hydrochloridum . . . 193 

Hydrastine 193 

Hydrastinine Hydrochloride 193 

Hydrastinum 194 

Hydrastis 193 

Fluidextract 193 

Glycerite 193 

Tincture 193 

Hydrated Chloral 118 

Hydrochloric Acid 22 

Hydrous Wool-fat 45 

Hyoscinae Hydrobromidum 195 

Hyoscine Hydrobromide 195 

Hyoscyaminse Hydrobromidum . 195 

Sulphas 195 

Hyoscyamine Hydrobromide . . . 195 

Sulphate 195 

Hyoscyamus 195 

Extract 195 

Fluidextract 195 

Tincture 195 

Hypnotics 3 

Hypo 304 

Hypodermic Administration .... 383 

Tablets 314 

Hypophosphites 25 

Hypophosphorous Acid 24 

Ichthyol 197 

Incompatibility 401 

Indian Cannabis 109 

Extract 109 

Fluidextract 109 

Tincture 109 

Infusion of Digitalis 146 

of Senna, Compound 296 

of Wild Cherry 276 

Infusions 199 

Infusum 199 

Digitalis 146 

Pruni Virginianae 276 

Sennae Compositum 296 



XERAL IXDEX. 



; ,V> 



PAGE 

Inhalations 

Inscription 359 

Iodides 202 

Iodine 200 

Ointment 200 

Solution. Compound 200 

Tincture 200 

Iodoform 159 

Ointment 199 

Iodof ormum 199 

Iodol 199 

Iodolum 199 

Iodum 200 

Ipecac 206 

Fluidextract 206 

Powder, with Opium 243 

Syrup 206 

Tincture, with Opium 243 

Wine 206 

Ipecacuanha 206 

Irish Moss 123 

Iron 156 

and Ammonium Citrate 157 

and Ammonium Tartrate 157 

and Potassium Tartrate 157 

and Quinine Citrate 157 

and Quinine Citrate. Soluble . . 157 

and Strychnine Citrate 157 

by Hydrogen 156 

Irritants 2 

Jaborandi 263 

Jalap 203 

Powder. Compound 208 

Resin 208 

Jalapa 208 

Jamestown Weed 307 

Kaolin 209 

Cataplasm 209 

Kaolinum 209 

Kilo 341 

Kino 209 

Tincture 209 

Kousso 145 

Krameria 210 

Extract 210 

Fluidextract 210 



PAGE 

Krameria Syrup 210 

Tincture 210 

Troches 210 

Lactic Acid 27 

Lactose 

Lactucarium 210 

Syrup 210 

Tincture 211 

Lady's Slipper 145 

Lappa 211 

Fluidextract 211 

Lard 44 

Benzoinated 44 

Laudanum 243 

Laxatives 1 

Lead 267 

Acetate 267 

Iodide 267 

Nitrate 267 

Oxide 267 

Plaster 268 

Subacetate, Cerate 267 

Subacetate Solution 267 

Subacetate Solution. Diluted .. 267 

Water 267 

Leaflets 6 

Leaves 6 

Lemon 211 

Juice 212 

Oil 212 

Peel 211 

Syrup 212 

Leopard's Bane 69 

Leptandra 211 

Extract 211 

Fluidextract 211 

Lettuce 210 

Levant Wormseed 289 

Licorice 175 

Lily of the Valley 140 

Lime 100 

Chlorinated 100 

Liniment 101 

Sulphurated 100 

Syrup 101 

Water 101 

Limon 211 



534 



GENERAL INDEX. 



PAGE 

Limonis Cortex 211 

Succus 212 

Liniment, Ammonia 57 

Belladonna 81 

Camphor 105 

Chloroform 120 

Lime 101 

Soap 290 

Soft-soap 291 

Turpentine . 316 

Liniments 213 

Linimentum 213 

Ammonise 57 

Belladonna? 81 

Calcis 101 

Camphorse 105 

Chloroformi 120 

Saponis 290 

Saponis Mollis 291 

Terebinthinse 316 

Linseed 213 

Oil 213 

Linum . . . . 213 

Liquefied Phenol 258 

Liquid Petrolatum 256 

Liquor 213 

Acidi Arsenosi 70 

Ammonii Acetatis 57 

Antisepticu's 16 

Arseni et Hydrargyri Iodidi .. 70 

Calcis " 101 

Cresolis Compositus 144 

Ferri Chloridi 157 

Ferri et Ammonii Acetatis . . . 158 
Ferri Peptonati cum Mangano. 159 

Ferri Subsulphatis 158 

Ferri Tersulphatis 158 

Formaldehydi 167 

Hydrargyri Xitratis 184 

Iodi Compositus 200 

Magnesii Citratis 215 

Pepsini 254 

Pepsini Aromaticus 254 

Plumbi Subacetatis 267 

Plumbi Subacetatis Dilutus . . . 267 

Potassii Arsenitis 70 

Potassii Citratis 19 

Potassii Hydroxidi 274 



page 

Liquor Sodii Arsenatis 70 

Sodii Flydroxidi 302 

Sodii Phosphatis Compositus . 303 

Zinci Chloridi 329 

Liter 341 

Litharge 267 

Lithii Benzoas 86 

Bromidum 94 

Carbonas 214 

Citras 19 

Salicylas 32 

Lithium 214 

Benzoate 86 

Bromide 94 

Carbonate 214 

Citrate 19 

Salicylate 32 

Lithontriptics 2 

Lobelia 214 

Fluidextract 214 

Tincture 214 

Local Peculiarities in Prescribing. 395 

Logwood 179 

Lugol's Solution 200 

Lunar Caustic 68 

Diluted 68 

Lupulin 181 

Fluidextract 181 

Oleoresin 181 

Lupulinum 181 

Lycopodium 215 

Magnesii Carbonas 215 

Oxidum 215 

Oxidum Ponderosum 215 

Sulphas 215 

Sulphas Effervescens 215 

Magnesium 215 

Carbonate 215 

Oxide 215 

Oxide, Heavy 215 

Sulphate 215 

Male Fern 74 

Malt 217 

Extract 217 

Maltum 217 

Mandrake 269 

Manganese 218 



GENERAL INDEX. 



D6D 



PAGE 

Manganese Dioxide, Precipitated 218 

Hypophosphite 25 

Sulphate 218 

Mangani Dioxidum Praecipita- 

tum 218 

Hypophosphis 25 

Sulphas 218 

Manganum 218 

Manna 218 

Marigold 104 

Marrubium 218 

Mass, Blue 182 

of Ferrous Carbonate 156 

of Mercury 182 

Vallet's 156 

Massa 219 

Ferri Carbonatis 156 

Hydrargyri 182 

Masses 219 

Mastic 219 

Mastiche 219 

Matico 219 

Fluidextract 219 

Matricaria 219 

May Apple 269 

Medical Latin 344 

Mel 220 

Depuratum 220 

Rosae 284 

Mentha Piperita 220 

Viridis 222 

Menthol 222 

Mercurial Ointment 182 

Ointment, Diluted 182 

Plaster 182 

Mercury 182 

Mass 182 

Ointment 182 

Plaster 182 

with Chalk 182 

Methyl Salicylate 36 

Methylene Blue 224 

Methylis Salicylas 36 

Methylthioninae Hydrochloridum. 224 

Methylthionine Hydrochloride . . 224 

Meter 341 

Metric System 340 

Metrology 337 



PAGE 

Mezereon 225 

Mezereum 225 

Fluidextract 225 

Mild Mercurous Chloride 183 

Milk Sugar 287 

Mistura 225 

Cretae 101 

Ferri Composita 156 

Glycyrrhizae Composita 175 

Rhei et Sodae 283 

Mixture, Basham's 158 

of Glycyrrhiza, Compound .... 175 

Griffith's 156 

of Iron, Compound 156 

of Rhubarb and Soda 283 

Mixtures 225 

Monkshood 42 

Monobromated Camphor 106 

Monohydrated Sodium Carbo- 
nate 301 

Monsel's Solution 158 

Morphina 243 

Morphinae Acetas 243 

Hydrochloridum 244 

Sulphas 244 

Morphine 243 

Acetate 243 

Hydrochloride 244 

Sulphate 244 

Moschus 226 

Mouth Administration 381 

Mucilage of Acacia 9 

of Elm 322 

of Sassafras Pith 293 

Mucilages 226 

Mucilago 226 

Acaciae 9 

Sassafras Medullas 293 

Ulmi 322 

Muriatic Acid 22 

Musk 226 

Root 312 

Tincture 226 

Mustard, Black 298 

Oil, Volatile 298 

Paper 298 

White 298 

Mydriatic 4 



536 



GENERAL INDEX. 



PAGE 

Myotics 4 

Myristica 226 

Oil 226 

Myrrh 227 

Pills, with Aloes 227 

Tincture 227 

Tincture, with Aloes 227 

Myrrha 227 

Name of Patient on Prescrip- 
tions 355 

Naming a Price of Prescrip- 
tions 394 

Naphthalene 227 

Naphthalenum 227 

Naphthol 88 

Narcotics 4 

National Formulary 384 

Neutral Principles 6 

Nitric Acid 27 

Nitroglycerin 174 

Spirit 174 

Nitrohydrochloric Acid 28 

Diluted 28 

Nitromuriatic Acid 28 

Diluted 28 

Nutgall 168 

Ointment 168 

Tincture 168 

Nutmeg 226 

Oil 226 

Nutrients 4 

Nux Vomica 228 

Extract 228 

Fluidextract 228 

Tincture 228 

Official Drugs 385 

Names 349 

Oil 5 

of Almond, Expressed , 60 

of Anise 62 

of Betula 37 

of Bitter Almond 60 

of Cade 235 

of Cajuput 234 

of Caraway 1 14 

of Cassia 132 



page 

Oil. Castor 239 

of Cinnamon 132 

of Cloves 114 

Codliver 238 

of Copaiba 141 

of Coriander 141 

Cotton-seed 235 

Croton 241 

of Cubeb 145 

of Erigeron 234 

of Eucalyptus 153 

of Fennel 167 

of Gaultheria 36 

of Hedeoma 180 

of Juniper 236 

of Lavender Flowers 237 

of Lemon 212 

Linseed 213 

of Mustard. Volatile 298 

of Myristica 226 

of Nutmeg 226 

Olive 238 

of Orange Peel 76 

of Pennyroyal 180 

of Peppermint 220 

of Pimenta 265 

of Rose 284 

of Rosemary 235 

of Santal . .' 235 

of Sassafras 293 

of Savin 287 

of Spearmint 222 

Sweet 238 

of Sweet Birch 37 

of Tar 266 

of Theobroma 241 

of Turpentine 315 

of Turpentine, Rectified 315 

of Vitriol 38 

of Wintergreen 35 

of Wintergreen, Synthetic .... 36 

Oils ' 234 

Ointment of Ammoniated Mer- 
cury 183 

Belladonna 81 

Blue 182 

of Boric Acid 16 

Chrysarobin 123 



GENERAL INDEX. 



;37 



PAGE 

Ointment, Citrine 184 

Diachylon 268 

Iodine 200 

Iodoform 199 

Mercurial 182 

of Mercuric Nitrate 184 

of Mercury 182 

of Mercury. Diluted 182 

Nutgall 168 

of Phenol 258 

of Potassium Iodide 202 

of Red Mercuric Oxide 183 

of Rose Water 284 

Stramonium 307 

Sulphur 310 

of Tannic Acid 40 

Tar 266 

Veratrine 326 

of Yellow Mercuric Oxide .... 183 

of Zinc Oxide 329 

of Zinc Stearate 331 

Ointments 322 

Oleate of Atropine 81 

of Cocaine 134 

of Mercury 183 

of Quinine 125 

of Veratrine 326 

Oleates 233 

Oleatum 233 

Atrophia?. 81 

Cocaina? 134 

Hydrargyri 183 

Quininae 125 

Veratrine 326 

Oleic Acid 28 

Oleoresin 5 

of Aspidium 74 

of Capsicum Ill 

of Cubeb 145 

of Ginger 332 

of Lupulin 181 

of Pepper 265 

Oleoresina 234 

Aspidii 74 

Capsici Ill 

Cubebse 145 

Lupulini 181 

Piperis 265 



PAGE 

Oleoresina Zingiberis 332 

Oleoresins 234 

Oleum 234 

Adipis 234 

Amygdalae Amara? 60 

Amygdalae Expressum 60 

Anisi 62 

Aurantii Corticis 76 

Betula? 37 

Cadinum 235 

Cajuput 234 

Cari 114 

Carophylli 114 

Chenopodii 234 

Cinnamomi 132 

Copaiba? 141 

Coriandri 141 

Cubebse 145 

Erigerontis 234 

Eucalypti 153 

Fceniculi 167 

Gaultheria? 35 

Hedeoma? 180 

Juniperi 236 

Lavandulae Florum 237 

Limonis 212 

Lini . . 213 

Menthae Piperita? 220 

Mentha? Viridis 222 

Morrhua? 233 

Myristica? 226 

Oliva? 233 

Picis Liquida? 266 

Pimentae 265 

Ricini 239 

Rosa? 284 

Sabina? 287 

Santali 235 

Sassafras 293 

Sinapis Volatile 298 

Terebinthinae 315 

Terebinthinae Rectilicatum .... 315 

Theobromatis 241 

Thymi 235 

Tiglii 241 

Olive Oil 233 

Opii Pulvis 242 

Opium 242 



538 



GENERAL INDEX. 



PAGE 

Opium, Camphorated Tincture of 243 

Deodoratum 242 

Deodorized 242 

Extract 243 

Granulated 243 

Granulatum 243 

Pills 243 

Plaster 243 

Powdered 242 

Powder, with Ipecac 243 

Tincture 243 

Tincture, Camphorated 243 

Tincture of, Deodorized 243 

Tincture, with Ipecac 243 

Troches, with Glycyrrhiza .... 243 

Vinegar 243 

Wine 243 

Opodeldoc 290 

Orange Flower Water 76 

Flower Water, Stronger 76 

Peel, Bitter 75 

Peel. Sweet 75 

Order of Writing Prescriptions.. 392 

Orthophosphoric Acid 28 

Ownership of a Prescription .... 399 

Oxgall 155 

Purified 156 

Oxytocics 2 

Pancreatin 252 

Pancreatinum 252 

Papers 117 

Paraffin 252 

Paraffinum 252 

Paraldehyde 252 

Elixir 253 

Paraldehydum 252 

Parasiticides 1 

Pareira 253 

Brava 253 

Fluidextract 253 

Patent Medicines 385 

Pelletierime Tannas 176 

Pelletierine Tannate 176 

Pellitory 276 

Pen vs. Pencil in Prescription 

Writing 392 

Pennyroyal 180 



page 

Pepo 253 

Pepper 265 

Black 265 

Cayenne Ill 

Oleoresin 265 

Red Ill 

Peppermint 220 

Oil 220 

Spirit 220 

Water 220 

Pepsin 254 

Saccharated 254 

Solution 254 

Solution, Aromatic 254 

Pepsinum 254 

Saccharatum 254 

Percentage Solutions 379 

Peroxide of Hydrogen 67 

Peruvian Bark 125 

Petrolatum 256 

Album 256 

Liquidum 256 

Petroleum Benzin 84 

Benzin, Purified 84 

Jelly 256 

Pharmacopoeia 384 

Phenacetin 13 

Phenol 257 

Glycerite 258 

Liquef actum 257 

Ointment 258 

Phenolsulphonates 261 

Phenyl Salicylate 34 

Phenylis Salicylas 34 

Phosphoric Acid 28 

Phosphorus 262 

Pills 262 

Physostigma 262 

Extract 262 

Tincture 262 

Physostigminje Salicylas 262 

Sulphas 263 

Physostigmine Salicylate 262 

Sulphate 263 

Phytolacca 263 

Fluidextract 263 

Picric Acid 29 

Pills 264 



GENERAL INDEX. 



539 



PAGE 

Pills of Aloes 52 

of Aloes and Iron 52 

of Aloes and Mastic 52 

of Aloes and Myrrh 53 

of Aloin, Strychnine, Bella- 
donna and Ipecac 53 

of Asafetida 73 

of Ferrous Carbonate 157 

of Ferrous Iodide 158 

of Opium 243 

of Phosphorus 262 

of Rhubarb, Compound 283 

Pilocarpine Hydrochloridum . . . 263 

Nitras 264 

Pilocarpine Hydrochloride 263 

Nitrate 264 

Pilocarpus 263 

Fluidextract 263 

Pilule 264 

Aloes 52 

Aloes et Ferri 52 

Aloes et Mastiches 52 

Aloes et Myrrhe 53 

Asafcetide 73 

Ferri Carbonatis 157 

Ferri Iodidi 158 

Laxative Composite 53 

Opii 243 

Phosphori 262 

Rhei Composite 283 

Pimenta 255 

Oil 265 

Pink Root 305 

Piper 265 

Piperina 265 

Piperine 265 

Pix Liquida 266 

Flaster, Adhesive 268 

Belladonna 80 

Capsicum Ill 

Diachylon 268 

Lead 268 

Mercurial 182 

Opium 243 

of Paris 100 

Soap 290 

Plasters 150 

Plumbi Acetas 267 



page 

Plumbi Iodidum 267 

Nitras 267 

Oxidum 267 

Plumbum 267 

Podophyllin 269 

Podophyllum 269 

Fluidextract 269 

Resin 269 

Poison Nut 228 

Pokeroot 263 

Pomegranate 176 

Fluidextract 176 

Potassii Acetas 270 

Bicarbonas 271 

Bitartras 271 

Bromidum 94 

Carbonas 272 

Chioras 272 

Citras 19 

Citras Effervescens 19 

Cyanidum 24 

Dichromas 273 

Ferrocyanidum 273 

Glycerophosphas 26 

Hydroxidum 273 

Hypophosphis ' . . . 25 

Iodidum 200 

Nitras 274 

Permanganas 274 

Sulphas 275 

et Sodii Tartras 275 

Potassium 270 

Acetate 270 

Bicarbonate 271 

Bitartrate 271 

Bromide 94 

Carbonate 272 

Chlorate 272 

Citrate 19 

Cyanide 24 

Dichromate , 273 

Ferrocyanide 273 

Glvcerophosphate 26 

Hydroxide 273 

Hvpophosphite 25 

Iodide 200 

Nitrate 274 

Fermanganate 274 



540 



GENERAL INDEX. 



PAGE 

Potassium Sulphate 275 

and Sodium Tartrate 275 

Powder, Acetanilide, Compound . 10 

Aromatic 132 

Compound Chalk 101 

Dover's 243 

Effervescing, Compound 275 

of Glycyrrhiza, Compound .... 175 

of Ipecac and Opium 243 

of Jalap, Compound 208 

of Morphine, Compound 244 

of Opium 242 

of Rhubarb, Compound 283 

Powders 276 

Precipitated Calcium Carbonate . 100 

Calcium Phosphate 100 

Manganese Dioxide 218 

Sulphur 310 

Zinc Carbonate 329 

Prepared Calamine 99 

Chalk 101 

Suet 297 

Preserver's Name on Prescrip- 
tion 368 

Prescription, Adjuvant 359 

Arrangement of 350 

Basis of 359 

Blanks 3^7 

Corrective of 359 

Date on 355 

Definition of 353 

Plistory of 354 

Inscription of 359 

Parts of 355 

Name of Patient on 355 

Preserver's Name on 358 

Signatura of 353 

Subscription of 361 

Superscription of 359 

Vehicle of 359 

Prickly Ash Bark 328 

Proof Spirit 50 

Proportioning Dosage 374 

Proprietary Medicines 385 

Protargol 69 

Protectives 3 

Protiodide of Mercury 183 

Prune 275 



page 

Prunum 275 

Primus Virginiana 275 

Prussic Acid, Diluted 24 

Pulver 276 

Pulvis Acetanilidi Compositus . . 10 

Aromaticus 132 

Cretse Compositus 101 

Efferves'cens Compositus 275 

Glycerrhizae Compositus 175 

Ipecacuanhas et Opii 243 

Jalapae Compositus 208 

Morphinae Compositus 244 

Rhei Compositus 283 

Pumpkin Seed 253 

Pure Extract of Glycyrrhiza .... 175 

Purgatives 1 

Purging Cassia 114 

Purified Aloes 53 

Animal Charcoal 112 

Cotton 176 

Oxgall 155 

Petroleum Benzin 84 

Talc 314 

Pustulants 3 

Pyrethrum 276 

Tincture 276 

Pyroxylin 277 

Pyroxylinum 277 

Quaker Button 228 

Quantity of a Prescription 373 

Quassia 277 

Extract 277 

Fluidextract 277 

Tincture 277 

Queen's Root 307 

Quercus 278 

Fluidextract 278 

Quillaja 278 

Fluidextract 278 

Tincture 278 

Quinina 125 

Quininae Bisulphas 126 

Hydrobromidum 126 

Hydrochloridum 126 

Salicylas 126 

Sulphas 126 

et Ureae Hydrochloridum 126 



GENERAL INDEX. 



541 



PAGE 

Quinine 125 

Bisulphate 126 

Hyclrobromide 126 

Hydrochloride 126 

Oleate 125 

Salicylate 126 

Sulphate 126 

and Urea Hydrochloride 126 

Recommending Credit 393 

Re constituent Tonics 3 

Rectal Administration 382 

Rectified Oil of Turpentine 315 

Spirit 50 

Red Cinchona 125 

Mercuric Iodide 183 

Mercuric Oxide 183 

Mercuric Oxide Ointment .... 183 

Precipitate 183 

Rose 284 

Saunders 289 

Wine 50 

Reduced Iron 156 

Refilling and Giving Copies of 

Prescriptions 396 

Refrigerants 2 

Rereading Prescriptions 393 

Resin 5 

of Jalap 208 

of Podophyllum 269 

of Scammony 293 

Resina 279 

Jalapas 208 

Podophylli 269 

Scammonii 293 

Resins 279 

Resorbents 2 

Resorcin 279 

Resorcinol 279 

Restoratives 2 

Rhamnus Purshiana 280 

Rhatany 210 

Rheum 282 

Rhizomes 6 

Rhubarb 282 

Extract , 282 

Fluidextract 282 

Mixture, with Soda 283 



PAGE 

Rhubarb Pills, Compound 283 

Powder, Compound 283 

Syrup 283 

Syrup, Aromatic 283 

Tincture 283 

Tincture, Aromatic 283 

Rhus Glabra 283 

Fluidextract 284 

Rochelle Salt 275 

Roman Chamomile 63 

Roots 6 

Rosa Gallica 284 

Rose 284 

Confection 284 

Fluidextract 284 

Honey 284 

Oil 284 

Ointment, of Water 284 

Syrup 284 

Water 284 

W^ater, Stronger 284 

Rosin 315 

Rubber 149 

Rubefacients 3 

Rubus 286 

Fluidextract 286 

Syrup 286 

Sabal 286 

Fluidextract 286 

Sabina 287 

Saccharated Ferrous Carbonate . 156 

Pepsin 254 

Saccharin 87 

Saccharum 287 

Lactis 287 

Safrol 293 

Safrolum 293 

Sage 288 

Saigon Cinnamon 132 

Sal Rochelle 275 

Tartar 272 

Salicin 288 

Salicinum 288 

Salicylates 32 

Salicylic Acid 29 

Salines 1 

Salol 34 



542 



GENERAL INDEX. 



PAGE 

Salt 301 

of Tartar ' 272 

Saltpetre 274 

Salts 215 

Salvia 288 

Sanguinaria 288 

Fluidextract 288 

Tincture 288 

Santalum^ Rubrum 289 

Santonica 289 

Santonin 289 

Troches 289 

Santoninum 289 

Sapo 290 

Mollis 291 

Sarsaparilla 292 

Fluidextract 292 

Fluidextract, Compound 292 

Syrup, Compound 292 

Sassafras 292 

Oil 293 

Medulla 293 

Pith 293 

Pith, Mucilage 293 

Saturated Solutions 379 

Savin 287 

Oil 287 

Saw Palmetto 286 

Scammonium 293 

Scammony 293 

Resin 293 

Scilla 293 

Scoparius 294 

Scopola 295 

Extract 295 

Fluidextract 295 

Scopolamine Hydrobromidum . . 295 
Scopolamine Hydrobromide .... 295 

Scutellaria 295 

Fluidextract 296 

Sedatives 3 

Seed 6 

Seidlitz Powder 275 

Senega 296 

Fluidextract 296 

Snakeroot 296 

Syrup 296 

Senna 296 



page 

Senna, Confection 296 

Fluidextract 296 

Infusion, Compound 296 

Syrup 296 

Serpentaria 297 

Fluidextract 297 

Tincture 297 

Serum Antidiphthericum 297 

Sevum Prseparatum 297 

Sumach 283 

Sialagogues 2 

Signatura 363 

Silver 67 

Cyanide 67 

Nitrate 67 

Nitrate, Molded 68 

Nitrate, Mitigated 68 

Oxide 68 

Vitellin 69 

Simple Syrup 287 

Sinapis Alba 298 

Nigra 298 

Skullcap 295 

Slippery Elm Bark 322 

Soap 290 

Bark 278 

Castile 290 

Green 291 

Hard 290 

Liniment 290 

Plaster 290 

Soft 290 

Soft, Liniment 291 

Tincture 291 

Soda 299 

Sodii Acetas 298 

Arsenas 70 

Arsenas Exsiccatus 70 

Benzoas 86 

Bicarbonas 299 

Bisulphis 300 

Boras 300 

Bromidum 94 

Carbonas Monohydratus 301 

Chloras 301 

Chloridum 301 

Citras 19 

Hydroxidum 302 



GENERAL INDEX. 



543 



PAGE 

Sodii Hypophosphis 25 

Iodidum 202 

Nitras 302 

Nitris 302 

Phenolsulphonas 261 

Phosphas 303 

Phosphas Effervescens 303 

Phosphas Exsiccatus 303 

Pyrophosphas 304 

Salicylas 32 

Sulphas 304 

Sulphis . 304 

Thiosulphas 304 

Sodium 298 

Acetate 298 

Arsenate 70 

Arsenate, Exsiccated 70 

Benzoate 86 

Bicarbonate 299 

Bisulphite 300 

Borate 300 

Bromide 94 

Carbonate, Monohydrated .... 301 

Chloride 301 

Citrate 19 

Hydroxide 302 

Hypophosphite 25 

Hyposulphite 304 

Iodide 202 

Nitrate 302 

Nitrite 302 

Phenolsulphonate 261 

Phosphate 303 

Phosphate, Effervescent 303 

Phosphate, Exsiccated 303 

Pyrophosphate 304 

Salicylate 32 

Sulphate 304 

Sulphite 304 

Sulphocarbolate 261 

Thiosulphate 304 

Soft Soap 291 

Soluble Ferric Phosphate 157 

Ferric Pyrophosphate 158 

Iron and Quinine Citrate 157 

Solution of Ammonium Acetate . 57 
of Arsenous Acid 70 



PAGE 

Solution of Arsenous and Mer- 
curic Iodides 70 

of Boroglyceride 16 

of Cresol, Compound 144 

Donovan's 70 

of Ferric Chloride 157 

of Ferric Subsulphate 158 

of Ferric Sulphate 158 

of Formaldehyde 167 

Fowler's 70 

of Hydrogen Dioxide 67 

of Iodine, Compound 200 

of Iron and Ammonium Ace- 
tate 158 

of Lead Subacetate 267 

of Lead Subacetate, Diluted . . 267 

of Lime 101 

Lugol's 200 

of Magnesium Citrate 215 

of Mercuric Nitrate 184 

of Pepsin 254 

of Pepsin, Aromatic 254 

of Peptonate of Iron with 

Manganese 159 

of Potassium Arsenite 70 

of Potassium Citrate 19 

of Potassium Hydroxide 274 

of Sodium Arsenate 70 

of Sodium Hydroxide 302 

of Sodium Phosphate, Com- 
pound 303 

of Zinc Chloride 329 

Solutions 213 

Sparteinse Sulphas 294 

Sparteine Sulphate 294 

Spearmint 222 

Oil 222 

Spirit 222 

Water 222 

Specifying Manufacturers in 

Prescribing 386 

Spermaceti 117 

Spice 265 

Spigelia 305 

Fluidextract 305 

Spirit of Ammonia 56 

of Ammonia, Aromatic 56 

of Anise 62 



544 



GENERAL INDEX. 



PAGE 

Spirit of Bitter Almond 60 

of Camphor 105 

of Chloroform 120 

of Cinnamon 132 

of Ether 47 

of Ether, Compound 47 

of Gaultheria 37 

of Glonoin 174 

of Glyceryl Trinitrate 174 

of Juniper 236 

of Juniper, Compound 236 

of Lavender 237 

of Myrcia 306 

of Nitrous Ether 48 

of Orange, Compound 76 

of Peppermint 220 

of Spearmint 222 

Spirits 305 

Spiritus 305 

yEtheris Compositus 47 

^Etheris Nitrosi 48 

Ammonia? 56 

Ammonias Aromaticus 56 

Amygdalae Amarse 60 

Anisi 62 

Aurantii Compositus 76 

Camphorae 105 

Chloroformi 120 

Cinnamomi 132 

Frumenti 50 

Gaultheriae 37 

Glycerylis Nitratis 174 

Juniperi 236 

Junipcri Compositus 236 

Lavandulae 237 

Menthae Piperitae 220 

Menthae Viridis 222 

Myrciae 306 

Rectificatus 50 

Vini Gallici 50 

Vini Rectificatus 50 

Squill 293 

Fluidextract 294 

Syrup 294 

Syrup Compound 294 

Tincture 294 

Vinegar 294 

Staphisagria 307 



page 

Staphisagria, Fluidextract 307 

Starch 61 

Stavesacre 307 

Stearic Acid 37 

Stearoptens 5 

Sternutatory 4 

Stillingia 307 

Fluidextract 307 

Stimulants 3 

Stock Prescriptions 400 

Storax 309 

Stramonium 307 

Extract 307 

Fluidextract 307 

Ointment 307 

Tincture 307 

Stronger Ammonia Water 56 

Orange Flower Water 76 

Rose Water 284 

Strontii Bromidum 94 

Iodidum 202 

Salicylas 32 

Strontium 308 

Bromide 94 

Iodide 202 

Salicylate 32 

Strophanthin 308 

Strophanthinum 308 

Strophanthus 308 

Tincture 308 

Strychninae 228 

Strychninae Nitras 229 

Sulphas 229 

Strychnine 228 

Nitrate 229 

Sulphate 229 

Styptics 4 

Styrax 309 

Sublimed Sulphur 310 

Subscription 361 

Sudorihcs 4 

Suet, Prepared 297 

Sugar ...:.... 287 

of Lead 267 

of Milk 287 

Sulphonal 310 

Sulphonethylmethane 309 

Sulphonethylmethanum 309 



GENERAL INDEX. 



545 



PAGE 

Sulphonmethane 310 

Sulphonmethanum 310 

Sulphur 310 

Iodide 311 

Lotum 310 

Ointment 310 

Prascipitatum 310 

Precipitated 310 

Sublimed 310 

Washed 310 

Sulphurated Lime 100 

Sulphuric Acid 38 

Ether 46 

Sulphuris Iodidum 311 

Sulphurous Acid 39 

Sumbul 312 

Extract 312 

Fluidextract 312 

Superscription 359 

Suppositoria 313 

Glycerini 172 

Suppositories 313 

of Glycerin 172 

Suprarenal Glands, Desiccated . . 171 

Sweet Almond 60 

Flag 100 

Oil 238 

Orange Peel 75 

Orange Peel, Syrup 76 

Orange Peel, Tincture 76 

Spirit of Niter 48 

Sydenham's Laudanum 243 

Syrup 287 

of Acacia 9 

of Almond 60 

of Calcium Lactophosphate . . 101 

of Ferrous Iodide 138 

of Ginger 332 

of Glycerophosphates 158 

of Hydriodic Acid 203 

of Hypophosphite, Compound.. 25 

of Hypophosphites 25 

of Ipecac 206 

of Iron, Quinine and Strych- 
nine Phosphates 158 

of Krameria 210 

of Lactucarium 210 

of Lemon 212 



PAGE 

Syrup of Lime 101 

of Orange 76 

of Orange Flowers 76 

of Rhubarb 283 

of Rhubarb, Aromatic 283 

of Rose 284 

of Rubus 286 

of Sarsaparilla, Compound . . . 292 

of Senega 296 

of Senna 296 

of Squill 294 

of Squill, Compound 294 

of Tar 266 

of Tolu 79 

of Wild Cherry 276 

Syrups 313 

Syrupus 287 

Acaciae 9 

Acidi Hydriodici 203 

Amygdalae 60 

Aurantii 76 

Aurantii Florum 76 

Calcii Lactophosphas 101 

Calcis 101 

Eriodictyi Aromaticus 153 

Ferri Iodidi 158 

Ferri, Quininae et Strychnines 

Phosphatum 158 

Glycerophosphatis Compositus. 158 

Hypophosphitum 25 

Hypophosphitum Compositus . 26 

Ipecacuanhas 206 

Krameriae 210 

Lactucarii 210 

Limonis 212 

Picis Liquidas . ." 266 

Pruni Virginianas 276 

Rhei 283 

Rhei Aromaticus 283 

Rosas 284 

Rubi 286 

Sarsaparillas Compositum 292 

Scillas 294 

Scillae Compositus 294 

Senegas 296 

Sennas 296 

Tolutanus 79 

Zingiberis 332 



35 



546 



GENERAL INDEX. 



PAGE 

Tabellas 314 

Table of Abbreviations, Words 

and Phrases 411 

of Apothecaries' Measures 338 

of Apothecaries' Weights 338 

of Approximate Measures .... 339 

of Avoirdupois Weight 337 

of Drops to Fluidrachm 415 

of Relative Values of Weights 

and Measures 410 

of Solubilities 416 

Salt 301 

Tablet Triturates 314 

Tablets 314 

Taenifuges 1 

Talc 314 

Purified 314 

Talcum 314 

Purificatum 314 

Tamarind 315 

Tamarindus 315 

Tannic Acid 40 

Tannin 40 

Tar 266 

Oil 266 

Ointment 266 

Syrup 266 

Taraxacum 315 

Extract 315 

Fluidextract 315 

Tartaric Acid 41 

Telephoning Prescriptions 393 

Terebene 316 

Terebenum 316 

Terebinthina 315 

Terpin Hydrate 317 

Terpini Hydras 317 

Thoroughwort 154 

Thymol 317 

Thyroid Glands, Desiccated 172 

Tinctura 42 

Aconiti 42 

Aloes 53 

Aloes et Myrrhas 53 

Arnicas 70 

Asafcetidse 73 

Aurantii Amari 75 

Aurantii Dulcis 76 



PAGE 

Tinctura Belladonnas Foliorum . 80 

Benzoini 85 

Benzoini Composita 85 

Calendulas 104 

Calumbas 104 

Cannabis Indicas 109 

Cantharidis Ill 

Capsici Ill 

Cardamomi 113 

Cardamomi Composita 113 

Catechu Composita 115 

Cinchona 125 

Cinchona Composita 125 

Cinnamomi 132 

Colchici Seminis 137 

Digitalis 146 

Ferri Chloridi 157 

Gallas 168 

Gambir Composita 168 

Gelsemii 169 

Gentianas Composita 170 

Guaiaci 179 

Guaiaci Ammoniata 179 

Hydrastis 193 

Hyoscyami 195 

Io'di 200 

Ipecacuanhas et Opii 243 

Kino 209 

Kramerias 210 

Lactucarii 211 

Lavandulas Composita 237 

Limonis Corticis 212 

Lobelias 214 

Moschi 226 

Myrrhas 227 

Xucis Vomicas 228 

Opii 243 

Opii Camphorata 243 

Opii Deodorati 243 

Physostigmatis 262 

Pyrethri 276 

Quassias 277 

Quillajas 278 

Rhei 283 

Rhei Aromatica 283 

Sanguinarias 288 

Scillas 294 

Serpentarias 297 



GENERAL INDEX. 



547 



PAGE 

Tinctura Stramonii 307 

Strophanthi 308 

Tolutana 79 

Valerianae 323 

Valeriana? Ammoniata 323 

Vanilla; 325 

Veratri 325 

Zingiberis 332 

Tincturse Herbarum Recentium . 320 

Tincture of Aconite 42 

of Aloes 53 

of Aloes and Myrrh 53 

of Arnica 70 

of Asaf etida 73 

of Belladonna Leaves 80 

of Benzoin 85 

of Benzoin, Compound 85 

of Bitter Orange Peel 75 

of Calendula 104 

of Calumba 104 

of Cantharides Ill 

of Capsicum Ill 

of Cardamom 113 

of Cardamom, Compound 113 

of Cinchona 125 

of Cinchona, Compound 125 

of Cinnamon 132 

of Colchicum Seed 137 

of Deodorized Opium 243 

of Digitalis 146 

of Ferric Chloride 157 

of Gambir, Compound 168 

of Gelsemium 169 

of Gentian, Compound 170 

of Ginger 332 

of Green Soap 291 

of Guaiac 179 

of Guaiac, Ammoniated 179 

of Hydrastis 193 

of Hyoscyamus 195 

of Indian Cannabis 109 

of Iodine 200 

of Ipecac and Opium 243 

of Kino 209 

of Krameria 210 

of Lactucarium 211 

of Lavender, Compound 237 

of Lemon Peel 212 



page 

Tincture of Lobelia 214 

of Musk 226 

of Myrrh 227 

of Nutgall 168 

of Nux Vomica ....'. 228 

of Opium 243 

of Opium, Camphorated 243 

of Opium, Deodorized 243 

of Physostigma 262 

of Pyrethrum 276 

of Quassia 277 

of Quillaja 278 

of Rhubarb 283 

of Rhubarb, Aromatic 283 

of Sanguinaria 289 

of Serpentaria 297 

of Squill 294 

of Stramonium 307 

of Strophanthus 308 

of Sweet Orange Peel 76 

of Tolu 79 

of Valerian 323 

of Valerian, Ammoniated 323 

of Vanilla 325 

of Veratrum 325 

Tinctures 319 

of Fresh Herbs 320 

Tolu, Balsam 79 

Syrup 79 

Tincture 79 

Tonics 3 

Trichloracetic Acid 42 

Trional 309 

Triticum 321 

Fluidextract 321 

Trituratio 321 

Elaterini 149 

Trituration of Elaterin 149 

Triturations 321 

Troches 321 

of Ammonium Chloride 58 

of Cubeb 145 

of Gambir 168 

of Glycyrrhiza and Opium .... 243 

of Krameria 210 

of Potassium Chlorate 272 

of Santonin 289 

of Sodium Bicarbonate 299 



548 



GENERAL INDEX. 



PAGE 

Trochisci 321 

Ammonii Chloridi 58 

Cubebae 145 

Gambir 168 

Glycyrrhizse* et Opii 243 

Krameriae 210 

Potassii Chloratis 272 

Santonini 289 

Sodii Bicarbonatis 299 

Troy Weights 338 

Tuberous Root 6 

Tully's Powder 244 

Turpentine 315 

Emulsion 316 

Liniment 316 

Oil 315 

Oil, Rectified 315 

Ulmus 322 

Unguentum 322 

Aquae Rosae 284 

Belladonnas 81 

Chrysarobini 123 

Diachylon 268 

Gallae" 168 

Hydrargyri 182 

Hydrargyri Ammoniati 183 

Hydrargyri Dilutum 182 

Hydrargyri Nitratis 184 

Hydrargyri Oxidi Flavi 183 

Hydrargyri Oxidi Rubri 183 

Iodi 200 

Iodoformi 199 

Phenolis 258 

Picis Liquidae 266 

Potassii Iodidi 202 

Stramonii 307 

Sulphuris 310 

Veratrinae 326 

Zinci Oxidi 329 

Zinci Stearatis 331 

Urotropin 180 

Uva Ursi 323 

Fluidextract 323 

Vehicle 359 

Vehicles 371 

Valerates 324 



page 

Valerian 323 

Fluidextract 323 

Tincture 323 

Tincture, Ammoniated 323 

Valeriana 323 

Vallet's Mass 156 

Vanilla 325 

Tincture 325 

Vanillin 325 

Vanillinum 325 

Veratrina 325 

Veratrine 325 

Ointment 326 

Oleate 326 

Veratrum 325 

Fluidextract 325 

Tincture 325 

Viride 325 

Vermicides 1 

Vermifuges 1 

Vesicants 3 

Viburnum Opulus 326 

Fluidextract 326 

Prunifolium 327 

Fluidextract 327 

Vinegar of Opium 242 

of Squill 294 

Vinegars 13 

Vinum 327 

Album 50 

Antimonii 63 

Cocae 133 

Colchici Seminis 137 

Ergotae 151 

Ferri 157 

Ferri Amarum 157 

Ipecacuanhas 206 

Opii 243 

Rubrum 50 

Virginia Snakeroot 297 

Volatile Oil of Mustard 298 

Wahoo 154 

Washed Sulphur 310 

W r ater 66 

Ammonia 55 

Ammonia, Stronger 56 

Anise 62 



GENERAL INDEX. 



549 



PAGE 

Water, Bitter Almond 60 

Camphor 105 

Chloroform 120 

Cinnamon 132 

Creosote 142 

Distilled 66 

Fennel 167 

Hamamelis 180 

Lime 101 

Orange Flower 76 

Orange Flower, Stronger 76 

Peppermint 220 

Rose 284 

Rose, Stronger 284 

Spearmint 222 

Waters, Medicated 65 

Wax, White 116 

Yellow 115 

Weight 337 

Whisky 50 

White Arsenic 70 

Hellebore 325 

Mustard 298 

Oak 278 

Petrolatum 256 

Precipitate 182 

Wax 116 

Wine 50 

W r ild Cherry 275 

Fluidextract 275 

Infusion 276 

Syrup 276 

Wine 50 

Measure 338 

of Antimony 63 

of Coca 133 

of Colchicum Seed 137 

of Ergot 151 

of Ipecac 206 

of Iron 157 

of Iron, Bitter 157 

of Opium 243 

Wines 327 

Witchhazel 179 

Bark 180 



PAGE 

Witchhazel Leaves 180 

Wolfbane 42 

Wood Charcoal 112 

Wool-fat 45 

Wormseed, Levant 289 

Write Prescriptions 386 

Written Instructions to Patients. 375 

Xanthoxylum 328 

Fluidextract 328 

Yellow Cinchona 125 

Jasmine 169 

Mercuric Oxide 183 

Mercuric Oxide, Ointment .... 183 

Mercurous Iodide 183 

Wax 115 

Yerba Santa 152 

Zea 328 

Zinc 328 

Acetate 328 

Bromide 94 

Carbonate, Precipitated 329 

Chloride 329 

Iodide 202 

Oxide 329 

Phenolsulphonate 330 

Phosphide 331 

Stearate 330 

Sulphate 331 

Valerate 324 

Zinci Acetas 328 

Bromidum 94 

Carbonas Prsecipitatus 329 

Chloridum 329 

Iodidum 202 

Oxidum 329 

Phenolsulphonas 330 

Phosphidum 331 

Stearas 330 

Sulphas 331 

Valeras 324 

Zincum 328 

Zingiber 332 



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